The politics of Finland take place within the framework of a parliamentary representative democracy. Finland is a republic whose head of state is President Alexander Stubb, who leads the nation's foreign policy and is the supreme commander of the Finnish Defence Forces. Finland's head of government is Prime Minister Petteri Orpo, who leads the nation's executive branch, called the Finnish Government. Legislative power is vested in the Parliament of Finland, and the Government has limited rights to amend or extend legislation. The Constitution of Finland vests power to both the President and Government: the President has veto power over parliamentary decisions, although this power can be overruled by a majority vote in the Parliament.
The president of the Republic of Finland is the head of state of Finland. The incumbent president is Alexander Stubb, since 1 March 2024. He was elected president for the first time in 2024.
The orders of precedence in China is the ranking of political leaders in China for the purposes of event protocol and to arrange the ordering of names in official news bulletins, both written and televised. It is also sometimes used to assess perceived level of political power. Although there is no formally published ranking, there is usually an established convention and protocol, and the relative positions of Chinese political figures can usually be deduced from the order in meetings and especially by the time and order in which figures are covered by the official media. Since 1982, the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party has been the highest-ranking official in the People's Republic of China (PRC).
Under the Constitution of Finland, everyone is entitled to have their case heard by a court or an authority appropriately and without undue delay. This is achieved through the judicial system of Finland.
The German order of precedence is a symbolic hierarchy of the five highest federal offices in Germany used to direct protocol. It has no official status, but has been established in practical use.
- The President of Germany, the head of state of Germany.
- The President of the Bundestag, the speaker of the German parliament, the Bundestag.
- The Chancellor of Germany, the head of the government of Germany.
- (1.) The President of the Bundesrat, the speaker of the Bundesrat, a federal legislative chamber, in which the governments of the sixteen German states are represented. The president of the Bundesrat is ex officio also deputy to the President of Germany, thus becomes first in the order, while acting on behalf of the President or while acting as head of state during a vacancy of the presidency.
- The President of the Federal Constitutional Court, the supreme court of Germany.
The Hong Kong order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important positions within the Government of Hong Kong. Administered by the government's Protocol Division, the hierarchy does not determine the order of succession for the office of Chief Executive, which is instead specified by the Basic Law of Hong Kong.
The Swiss order of precedence is a hierarchy of important positions within the government of Switzerland. It has no legal standing but is used by ceremonial protocol. The order of precedence is determined by the Protocol Regulations and the Table of Precedence of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. Unless otherwise noted, precedence among persons of equal rank is determined by seniority. As a general rule, spouses share the same rank.
The Italian order of precedence is fixed by Decree of the President of the Council of Ministers (D.P.C.M.) of April 14, 2006 and of April 16, 2008. It is a hierarchy of officials in the Italian Republic used to direct protocol. The President, being head of state, is first, and the Prime Minister, the head of government, is fourth.
- The President of the Republic
- (Cardinals and princes of reigning dynasties - these officers cannot preside over the ceremony)
- The President of the Senate of the Republic
- The President of the Chamber of Deputies
- The President of the Council of Ministers (Prime-Minister)
- The President of the Constitutional Court
- Former President of the Republic
- Vice Presidents of the Senate of the Republic
- Anna Rossomando
- Gian Marco Centinaio
- Maria Domenica Castellone
- Licia Ronzulli
- Vice Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies
- Sergio Costa
- Fabio Rampelli
- Giorgio Mulé
- Anna Ascani
- Vice Presidents of the Council of Ministers
- Antonio Tajani
- Matteo Salvini
- Vice Presidents of the Constitutional Court
- Franco Modugno
- Giulio Prosperetti
- Giovanni Amoroso
- Ministers of the Republic
- Judges of the Constitutional Court
- Presidents of Regions
- The First President of the Supreme Court of Cassation
- The President of the National Council for Economics and Labour
- Deputy Ministers of the Republic
- Quaestors of the Senate and Chamber of Deputies, in order of seniority
- Presidents of Parliamentary Commissions
- The President of the Council of State
- The President of the Court of Accounts
- The Governor of the Central Bank of Italy
- The General Prosecutor of the Supreme Court of Cassation
- The Attorney General of the Republic
- The Chief of the Defence Staff
- Senators and Deputies, in order of appointment
- The President of the Accademia dei Lincei
- The President of the National Research Council
- The President of the Superior Court of Public Waters
- The Vice President of the Council of Military Courts
- The Vice President of the High Council of the Judiciary
- The Presidents of the Autonomous Provinces of Trentino and South Tyrol
- The Deputy President of the Supreme Court of Cassation
- Prefects, in their provinces
- Mayors, in their cities
- Presidents and General Prosecutors of the Court of Appeals
- Presidents of Provinces, in their cities
- Catholic Bishops, in their dioceses
- The Chief of the Army Staff
- The Chief of the Navy Staff
- The Chief of the Air Staff
- The President of the Permanent conference of Rectors
- Ambassadors, in order of establishment of diplomatic relations with their countries
The Jamaican order of precedence is as follows:
- Charles III, King of Jamaica
- Governor-General of Jamaica
- Prime Minister of Jamaica
- Deputy Prime Minister of Jamaica
- Leader of the Opposition
The order of precedence in Brazil is a symbolic hierarchy of officials used to direct protocol. It is regulated by Presidential Decree number 70.274 of March 9, 1972, signed by former President Emilio Medici. The following order applies to ceremonies hosted by the federal government.
The Alberta order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important positions within the province of Alberta. It has no legal standing but is used to dictate ceremonial protocol at events of a provincial nature.
- The King of Canada: His Majesty King Charles III
- Lieutenant Governor of Alberta: Her Honour the Honourable Salma Lakhani
- Premier of Alberta: The Honourable Danielle Smith
- The Chief Justice of The Court of Appeal of Alberta: The Honourable Justice Frans Slatter
- Former lieutenant governors of Alberta
- The Honourable Donald Ethell
- The Honourable Lois Mitchell
- Former premiers of Alberta
- The Honourable Ed Stelmach
- The Honourable Alison Redford
- The Honourable Dave Hancock
- The Honourable Rachel Notley
- The Honourable Jason Kenney
- Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta: Nathan Cooper
- Ambassadors and high commissioners accredited to Canada
- Members of the Executive Council of Alberta, in relative order of precedence as determined by the premier
- Leader of the Official Opposition: Rachel Notley
- Current members of the King's Privy Council for Canada resident in Alberta, with precedence given to current members of the federal cabinet
- Members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta with precedence governed by the date of their first election to the Legislature
- Members of the Senate of Canada, who represent Alberta by date of appointment
- The Honourable Scott Tannas
- The Honourable Patti LaBoucane-Benson
- The Honourable Paula Simons
- The Honourable Karen Sorensen
- Members of the House of Commons of Canada who represent Alberta constituencies by date of election
- Superior court justices
- Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench of Alberta: The Honourable Justice Kenneth G. Nielsen
- Justices of the Court of Appeal of Alberta
- Justices of the Court of King's Bench of Alberta
- Heads of religious denominations
- Heads of consular posts: consuls-general; consuls; vice-consuls; consular agents
- Judges of the Provincial Court of Alberta
- Chief Judge of the Provincial Court of Alberta
- Other judges by seniority of appointment
- Mayors of Alberta municipalities
- Aboriginal Leaders
- Chiefs of the Treaty First Nations in Alberta, in order of seniority of election to office;
- President of Métis Settlements General Council
- President of Métis Nation of Alberta: Audrey Poitras
- Deputy Minister to the Premier and Cabinet Secretary
- Clerk of the Legislative Assembly
- Ombudsman
- Provincial Auditor
- Chief Electoral Officer: Glen Resler
- Ethics Commissioner: Marguerite Trussler
- Information and Privacy Commissioner: Jill Clayton
- Deputy Ministers
- Senior Alberta government officials with rank of Deputy Minister as determined by the Executive Council
- Chief executive officers of Crown corporations
- Leadership of Alberta universities
- Chancellor of the University of Alberta: Ralph B. Young
- Chancellor of the University of Calgary: Jim Dinning
- Chancellor of the University of Lethbridge: Shirley McClellan
- Chairman of the Board, University of Alberta
- Chairman of the Board, University of Calgary
- Chairman of the Board, University of Lethbridge
- Chairman of the Board, Athabasca University
- Chairman of the Board, Mount Royal University
- Chairman of the Board, MacEwan University
- President of the University of Alberta: David H. Turpin
- President of the University of Calgary: Ed McCauley
- President of the University of Lethbridge: Michael J. Mahon
- President of Athabasca University: Frits Pannekoek
- President of Mount Royal University: David Docherty
- President of Grant MacEwan University: David W. Atkinson
- Police and military
- Commanding Officer, "K" Division, Royal Canadian Mounted Police: Curtis Zablocki
- Commander, 3rd Canadian Division: Brigadier-General W.H. Fletcher
- Commanding Officer, HMCS Nonsuch
- Commanding Officer, 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group
- Commanding Officer, 1 Area Support Group
- Commanding Officer, 41 Canadian Brigade Group
- Commanding Officer, 4 Wing
The Turkish order of precedence, the following is the list of Turkish order of precedence approved by the President of Turkey and administered by the Directorate of Protocols of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
The New Brunswick order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important positions within the province of New Brunswick. It has no legal standing but is used to dictate ceremonial protocol at events of a provincial nature.
- The King of Canada
- The Lieutenant Governor
- The Premier
- The Chief Justice of New Brunswick
- The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
- Former Lieutenant Governors
- Former Premiers
- Former Chief Justices of New Brunswick
- Ambassadors, High Commissioners, Ministers Plenipotentiary, and Chargé d'Affaires with precedence to their date of appointment
- Members of the Executive Council of New Brunswick with precedence in accordance with the Executive Council Act
- Leader of the Opposition
- Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench
- Members of the Senate
- Members of the House of Commons
- Judges of the Court of Appeal with precedence according to their date of appointment
- Judges of the Court of King's Bench with precedence according to their date of appointment
- Members of the Legislative Assembly in the following order: Deputy Speaker, Government House Leader, Opposition House Leader, Leaders of Unofficial Opposition Parties, other members with precedence according to their date and order of their swearing in as Members of the Legislature
- Elders and Chiefs of New Brunswick Indian Bands
- Leaders of religious denominations with precedence according to their date of appointment or election to the present office
- Chief Judge of the Provincial Court
- Judges of the Provincial Court with precedence according to their date of appointment
- Members of the Consular Corps in the following order: Consuls General, Consuls, Vice- Consuls, Honorary Consuls and Consular Agents with precedence among themselves according to their date of appointment
- Mayors of the Cities of New Brunswick in the following order: Fredericton, Saint John, Moncton, Edmundston, Campbellton, Bathurst, Miramichi and Dieppe
- Mayors of the Towns of New Brunswick with precedence among themselves according to the alphabetical order of the place-names
- Mayors of the Villages of New Brunswick with precedence according to the alphabetical order of the place-names
- Councillors of the Cities, Towns, and Villages of New Brunswick in the same order of precedence among themselves according to the alphabetical order of their surnames
- Clerk of the Legislative Assembly
- Ombudsman
- Auditor General
- Commissioner of Official Languages for New Brunswick
- Clerk of the Executive Council
- Deputy Heads of the Civil Service, with precedence according to their date of appointment
- Heads of Crown Corporations and Agencies, with precedence according to their date of appointment
- Assistant Commissioner of "J" Division, Royal Canadian Mounted Police
- Commander of Canadian Forces Base Gagetown
- Chancellors of New Brunswick universities in the following order: University of New Brunswick, Mount Allison University, St. Thomas University and Université de Moncton
- Presidents of the universities in New Brunswick in the same order of precedence as the Chancellors
Rafael Nieto Navia is a Colombian jurist, political scientist and professor.
Ireland has limited use of order of precedence.
The present Portuguese order of precedence is defined by the Law of the Precedences of Protocol of the Portuguese State of 25th August 2006. This defines the following precedence:
- The President of the Republic
- The President of the Assembly of the Republic
- The Prime Minister
- The President of the Supreme Court and the President of the Constitutional Court
- The President of the Supreme Administrative Court and the President of the Court of Auditors
- Former Presidents of the Republic
- Ministers of the Government of Portugal
- The Leader of the Opposition
- Vice-presidents of the Assembly of the Republic and Presidents of the parliamentary groups
- The Attorney-general of the Republic
- The Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces
- The Ombudsman
- Representatives of the Republic to the Autonomous Regions
- Presidents of the Legislative Assemblies of the Autonomous Regions
- Presidents of the Regional Governments
- Leaders of other parties with seats in the Assembly of the Republic
- Former Presidents of the Assembly of the Republic and former Prime Ministers
- Councilors of State
- Presidents of Permanent Commissions of the Assembly of the Republic
- Secretaries and under-secretaries of State of the Government of Portugal
- Chiefs of Staff of the Army, Navy, and Air Force
- Members of the Assembly of the Republic
- Members of the European Parliament
- Marshals and Admirals of the fleet
- Chiefs of the Civilian House and Military House of the President of the Republic
- Presidents of the Economic and Social Council, of the National Association of Portuguese Municipalities and of the National Association of Freguesias
- The Governor of the Bank of Portugal
- Chancellors of Honorific Orders of Portugal
- Vice-presidents of the Supreme Judges Council
- Judges of the Constitutional Court
- Judges of the Supreme Court, Supreme Administrative Court, and Court of Audits
- Regional secretaries and under-secretaries of the Governments of the Autonomous Regions
- Members of the Legislative Assemblies of Autonomous Regions
- The Commandant-general of the National Republican Guard and the National Director of the Public Security Police
- Secretaries-general of the Presidency of the Republic, of the Assembly of the Republic, of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers and of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- The Chief of Protocol
- Presidents of intermediate level courts (Relação), Presidents of the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities and of the Coordinator Council of the Polytechnics, leaders of the Bar Associations and Presidents of professional associations of public law
- Presidents of the Portuguese Academy of History and the Lisbon Academy of Sciences, Rectors of universities and Presidents of Polytechnics
- Members of the councils of the Honorific Orders of Portugal
- Judges of intermediate level courts and deputies attorneys-general, vice-rectors of universities and vice-presidents of polytechnics
- Presidents of the municipal councils (Mayors)
- Presidents of the municipal assemblies
- Civil governors of districts
- Chiefs of Staff of the President of the Republic, President of the Assembly of the Republic, and Prime Minister
- Presidents, members and secretaries-general of councils, national councils, superior councils, oversight councils, national commissions, high authorities, high commissioners, oversight committees, by order of seniority of the respective institution, directors-general and presidents of public institutions, by order of their respective ministries, the head of the Santa Casa de Misericórdia, and the President of the Portuguese Red Cross
- Admirals and general officers with command functions, by order of military rank, operational commanders and commanders of military zone, maritime zone, and air zone, of the Autonomous Regions of Azores and Madeira
- Directors of the National Defense Institute and the Joint Command and Staff College, commanders of the Military Academy, Naval School, and Air Force Academy, admirals and general officers of 3 and 2 stars
- Chiefs of staff of members of government
- Deputies directors-general and regional directors
- Judges and attorneys-general
- Aldermans (vereadores) of municipal councils
- Aides of the President of the Republic, of the President of the Assembly of the Republic, and of the Prime Minister
- Presidents of Civil Parishes
- Members of municipal assemblies
- Presidents of parish assemblies and members of civil parishes and parish assemblies
- Directors of service
- Chiefs of division
- Aides of members of government
The Leader of the Opposition is an unofficial, mostly conventional and honorary title traditionally held by the leader of the largest party in the Assembly of the Republic – the Portuguese parliament – not within the government; historically, since the Carnation Revolution of 1974, these have almost always been the Socialist and the Social Democratic parties.
The Lithuanian order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important positions within the Government of Lithuania. Administered by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the hierarchy does not determine the order of succession for the office of President of the Republic of Lithuania, which is instead specified by the Constitution of Lithuania.
The Republic of Korea has no officially recognized South Korean order of precedence, yet the Office of the President(EOP) once officially declared order of precedence among the chiefs of 6 highest constitutional institutions in year 2006 as following:
- the President of the Republic of Korea, as both head of state and leader of government
- the Speaker of the National Assembly, as leader of legislature
- the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and the President of the Constitutional Court, as co-leader of the judiciary
- the Prime Minister, as deputy leader of government
- the Chair of the National Election Committee, as leader of constitutionally independent agency for national election administration
The Chilean order of precedence is currently prescribed by the Public Ceremonial and Protocol Regulation. This regulation establishes the order of precedence of national official activities as well as common regulations to activities organized by provinces and regions. The general order established by the decree is modified if the event takes place elsewhere in Chile instead of in Santiago Metropolitan Region.
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