Hemithecium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Vittore Benedetto Antonio Trevisan de Saint-Léon in 1853.
Fissurina is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has about 160 species, most of which are found in tropical regions.
Diorygma is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Franz Gerhard Eschweiler in 1824. Species of the genus are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
Acanthothecis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Frederick Edward Clements in 1909.
Fissurina andamanensis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in the Andaman Islands, it was formally described as a new species in 2012 by Bharati Sharma, Pradnya Khadilkar, and Urmila Makhija. The type specimen was collected from the Betapur Range. The lichen has a yellowish-brown thallus that is glossy, cracked, and slightly verrucose. It has lirellate ascomata that are 1–6 mm long, simple to irregularly branched, and the same colour as the thallus, with a structure of the dumastii-type. The ascospores have 3 transverse septa, are hyaline, and measure 20–27 by 7–10 μm, with a thin halo. It contains salazinic acid, which is an uncommon lichen product in the genus Fissurina.
Fissurina disposita is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2012 by Bharati Sharma, Pradnya Khadilkar, and Urmila Makhija. The type specimen was collected from a subtropical forest near Cherrapunji (Meghalaya); it has also been recorded in the shola forest of Karnataka. The lichen has a brown, verrucose, cracked, and flaking thallus. It has lirellate ascomata that are 0.2–0.5 mm long, crowded, terminally acute, and have a structure of the comparilis-type. The ascospores are hyaline, somewhat muriform, and measure 10–12 by 5–6 μm, with 3–4 transverse and 1–2 longitudinal septa.
Fissurina immersa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2012 by Bharati Sharma, Pradnya Khadilkar, and Urmila Makhija. The type specimen was collected from Mudigere (Karnataka). The lichen has a brown, uneven, finely cracked, and glossy thallus that is delimited by a black hypothalloidal region at the periphery. The lirelline ascomata are the same colour as the thallus and are 0.2–1.5 mm long, straight to curved, terminally acute, and have a dumastii-type structure. The ascospores are hyaline, somewhat muriform, and measure 12–13 by 3–5 μm, with 3–4 transverse and 1 vertical septa. It contains norstictic acid in its thallus.
Fissurina indica is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2012 by Bharati Sharma, Pradnya Khadilkar, and Urmila Makhija. The type specimen was collected from Wynad forest (Kerala). The thallus of this lichen is greenish and glossy, with a cracked and verrucose texture, and is delimited by a black hypothalloidal region at its periphery. The small ascomata are present all over the thallus and have acute ends, a dumastii-type structure, and are the same colour as the thallus. The ascospores are hyaline, muriform, multilocular, and measure 32–42 by 12–20 μm with an indistinct halo. No lichen products were detected in collected specimens.
Fissurina microcarpa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2012 by Bharati Sharma, Pradnya Khadilkar, and Urmila Makhija. The type specimen was collected from Upper Kodayar. The lichen thallus that is brownish, cracked, warty, and glossy. Its lirelline ascomata are all over the thallus, short, and the same colour as the thallus, with a structure of dumastii-type. The lichen's ascospores are hyaline, muriform, and multilocular; they measure 87–125 by 25–37 μm and have a 5–8 μm thick halo.
Fissurina nicobarensis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in the Nicobar Islands, it was formally described as a new species in 2012 by Bharati Sharma, Pradnya Khadilkar, and Urmila Makhija. The type specimen was collected from a tropical rainforest on Great Nicobar Island; the species epithet refers to the type locality. The lichen has a yellowish-brown thallus, which is warty and glossy and is delimited by a black hypothalloidal region. The lirelline ascomata are branched, 1–10 mm long, semi-emergent, and have a creamish-coloured disc. The ascospores are hyaline, somewhat muriform, and ellipsoid with a thin halo; they have dimensions of 10–15 by 6–7 μm.
Fissurina sporolata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2012 by Bharati Sharma, Pradnya Khadilkar, and Urmila Makhija. The type specimen was collected from Hebri (Karnataka), where it was found growing on a roadside tree trunk near a humid deciduous forest. This lichen has a brown, glossy, warty thallus that is finely cracked and rough. The lirellate ascomata are simple to rarely branched, immersed, the same colour as the thallus, and terminally acute, with a narrow disc that lacks pruina. The ascospores are 8-spored, hyaline, muriform, and ellipsoidal, multilocular, measuring 42–57 by 17–25 μm, with a 5–7 μm-thick halo. The hymenium is clear and hyaline, 225–250 μm high, and the hypothecium is hyaline and 20–25 μm high. No lichen products were detected in collected specimens.
Fissurina submonospora is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2012 by Bharati Sharma, Pradnya Khadilkar, and Urmila Makhija. The type specimen was collected from Upper Kodayar, where it was found growing in a humid evergreen forest. This lichen has a brownish grey to dark brown, cracked and uneven thallus, delimited by a black hypothalloid region at its periphery. Its ascomata are short, simple to branched, and immersed, with a structure of dumastii-type, while the disc is slit-like. The ascospores are hyaline, muriform, with 10–15 transverse and 4–5 longitudinal septa, and typically measure 70–100 by 20–50 μm, with a 2.5–10 μm-thick halo.
Acanthothecis collateralis is a rare endemic species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in the Andaman Islands of India, it was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. It is distinguished from other Acanthothecis species by its specific arrangement of ascomata and distinct chemical composition.
Fissurina capsulata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. The lichen is native to Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, where it was first identified near Daisy Bank in 1975.
Fissurina coarctata is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is found in India, where it grows in tropical rainforests and moist deciduous forests. This corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen is primarily found on exposed tree trunks along roadsides. Its thallus has a yellowish-brown to olive-green colour and has a thick, verrucose texture. The species was formally described as new to science in 2007 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar.
Fissurina khasiana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is found in India, specifically in the evergreen forests of Upper Shillong in the Khasi Hills; its species name is derived from the region where it was first collected. The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar.
Fissurina longiramea is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is found in various locations across India, including the Andaman Islands, Karnataka, and the Nicobar Islands, where it grows in tropical rainforests. The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar.
Fissurina taeniocarpoides is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. It is characterized by its distinctive ascomata and reddish-orange exciple. Found primarily in tropical and montane forests, this lichen thrives on exposed tree trunks and branches. It has been observed in various locations across India, including the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the mainland.
Fissurina verrucosa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Karnataka, India, it was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. This species is characterized by its yellowish-brown and slightly glossy appearance. Its thallus has a cracked, uneven, and verrucose texture.
Phlyctis communis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Phlyctidaceae. Found in the Maharashtra state of India, it grows on the bark of tree trunks in semi-evergreen to dry deciduous forests. Described as a new species in 2012, the lichen is characterised by its greyish or greenish-white crustose thallus and numerous ascomata, ascospores that have between 7 and 14 transverse septa, and the presence of corstictic and salazinic acids.
