Flavoplaca austrocitrina

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Flavoplaca austrocitrina
Flavoplaca austrocitrina 91421340.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Teloschistales
Family: Teloschistaceae
Genus: Flavoplaca
Species:
F. austrocitrina
Binomial name
Flavoplaca austrocitrina
(Vondrák, Říha, Arup & Søchting) Arup, Søchting & Frödén (2013)
Synonyms [1]
  • Caloplaca austrocitrinaVondrák, Říha, Arup & Søchting (2009)

Flavoplaca austrocitrina is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. [2] It is widely distributed in Europe, and has also been recorded in South America.

Contents

Taxonomy

The lichen was first formally described as a new species in 2009 by lichenologists Jan Vondrák, Pavel Říha, Ulf Arup, and Ulrik Søchting, who initially classified it in the genus Caloplaca . The species epithet alludes to its European distribution. [3] The taxon has since been transferred to genus Flavoplaca in 2013, following a molecular phylogenetics-based restructuring of the Teloschistaceae. [4]

Description

Caloplaca austrocitrina is characterised by a thallus that predominantly shows a yellow hue, though in some cases it can appear orange. The thallus is either areolate or composed of closely packed squamules . These squamules or areoles are typically thick, ranging from 80 to 380  µm, and they have a width that varies between 0.25 and 1.7 mm. The squamules themselves are flat and smooth, with marginal soralia of the flavocitrina type. In older thalli, the soralia may expand to cover the entire surface. [3]

The soredia of Caloplaca austrocitrina are sized approximately 22 to 61 µm in diameter and can cluster into consoredia . The cortex or alveolate (honeybombed) cortex of the lichen is well-developed, with a thickness spanning from 6 to 40 µm. [3]

About half of the specimens of this species bear apothecia, which are about 0.32 to 0.65 mm in diameter. The disc of the mature apothecia can range from flat to convex. The exciple , which surrounds the apothecia, measures between 50 and 130 µm in thickness and has a zeorine structure. In younger apothecia, the thalline exciple tends to be concealed beneath the true margin, while in older specimens, it is well-developed and persists. The hymenium of Caloplaca austrocitrina has a thickness of 60 to 80 µm. The tips of the paraphyses are widened, measuring between 3.0 and 6.0 µm. [3]

The ascospores of the species are approximately 8.5 to 14.0 µm long and 4.5 to 6.5 µm wide. The septa of these spores are around 3.0 to 5.5 µm thick, accounting for nearly 0.4 of the total ascospore length. The conidia of Caloplaca austrocitrina are small, typically measuring between 2.0 and 4.0 µm in length and 1.0 to 1.5 µm in width, contributing to the distinctive microscopic features of this lichen species. [3]

Habitat, distribution, and ecology

Flavoplaca austrocitrina, initially described from specimens collected in Ukraine, has an ecology in the Buenos Aires region of Argentina that is quite similar to its European counterparts. Predominantly, this lichen is found growing on cement mortar and concrete within urban and village settings. Cement mortar – a hardened mixture of cement, sand, and water – serves as a common substrate for this species, distinguishing it from other types of mortars like lime mortar. Flavoplaca austrocitrina often establishes itself in proximity to aquatic environments, including rivers, lakes, and coastal areas. [5]

Flavoplaca austrocitrina has been identified in various European countries, including Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, the Czech Republic, Romania, Russia, and Slovakia. The discovery of this species in South America, coupled with its established presence in Europe, suggests a potential for a wider global distribution. The Argentine specimens have nearly identical internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences to their European counterparts, despite the geographical distance. This low variation in the ITS locus is noteworthy within the genus, especially considering the separation between the South American and European populations. [5] Flavoplaca austrocitrina has been identified as one of several saxicolous lichens responsible for the biofouling of crypts of historical and architectural interest at La Plata Cemetery in Argentina. [6]

Related Research Articles

<i>Flavoplaca</i> Genus of lichen

Flavoplaca is a genus of crust-like or scaly lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 28 species with a mostly Northern Hemisphere distribution.

<i>Xanthocarpia</i> Genus of lichen

Xanthocarpia is a genus of mostly crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 12 species with a largely Northern Hemisphere distribution.

<i>Parvoplaca</i> Genus of lichen

Parvoplaca is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulrik Søchting, Patrik Frödén, and Ulf Arup.

Variospora cancarixiticola is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in southeastern Spain, where it grows on cancarixite, a volcanic rock known only to occur in that country.

<i>Calogaya arnoldii</i> Species of lichen

Calogaya arnoldii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen that is common and widespread in Europe and Asia. It is in the family Teloschistaceae. It was first formally described as a new species in 1876 by Hugh Algernon Weddell, as a species of Lecanora. After being transferred to Caloplaca in 1915, it was considered as a member of that genus for nearly a century. Molecular phylogenetic studies showed Caloplaca to be polyphyletic, and it was divided up into several smaller genera in 2013. Calogaya arnoldii was one of eight species transferred to the newly circumscribed Calogaya by Ulf Arup, Patrik Frödén, and Ulrik Søchting. The lichen is part of a species complex with complicated taxonomy, and in which intermediate phenotypes are frequently observed, making it difficult to reliably distinguish them. Calogaya saxicola is one such similar species, and it has often been confused with C, arnoldii in areas where they co-occur, as the differences between them are subtle.

<i>Xanthocarpia feracissima</i> Species of lichen

Xanthocarpia feracissima is a species of saxicolous, crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was first formally described as a new species in 1953 by Swedish lichenologist Adolf Hugo Magnusson, as a member of the genus Caloplaca. The type specimen was collected in 1939 by John Walter Thomson in Lake Koshkonong, Wisconsin. In the original description, Magnusson notes a similarity to the lichen now known as Gyalolechia flavovirescens, but distinguishes the new species by its lack of a visible thallus, the sordid-reddish color of its discs, and the "unusually narrow" septa of the spores. Patrik Frödén, Ulf Arup, and Ulrik Søchting transferred the taxon to Xanthocarpia in 2013, following molecular phylogenetic analysis of the family Teloschistaceae.

Solitaria is a fungal genus in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains a single species, the corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen Solitaria chrysophthalma.

Calogaya alaskensis is a species of crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was first described as new to science in 2004 by Clifford Wetmore, who placed it in the genus Caloplaca. Ulf Arup and colleagues transferred the taxon to Calogaya in 2013 following a molecular phylogenetics-led restructuring of the Teloschistaceae.

<i>Flavoplaca arcis</i> Species of lichen

Flavoplaca arcis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose to squamulose (scaley) lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Although widely distributed in Northern, Central, and Western Europe, it is not commmonly encountered.

<i>Leproplaca cirrochroa</i> Species of lichen

Leproplaca cirrochroa is a widespread and common species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It grows up to 5 cm across, featuring a placodioid thallus with narrow, finger-like lobes that adhere closely to the surface, showing intricate division and ranging in colour from dirty orange to brownish orange, often with paler, pruinose orange ends.

Cerothallia subluteoalba is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was described as a new species in 2009. This species is distinguished by its numerous bright yellow to soft yellow-orange apothecia, tiny spores with slim dividers (septa), and a barely distinguishable thallus that either fades away or grows inside its host.

Sirenophila maccarthyi is a species of corticolous/lignicolous, crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has a thallus that is whitish or greyish, often inconspicuous and not always continuous, which can appear darker or dirty grey near its numerous, clustered apothecia. Sirenophila maccarthyi is distributed across regions including Western Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and New Zealand, in both coastal and inland habitats. It typically grows on the bark and dead wood of a wide range of trees and shrubs such as Acacia sophorae, Araucaria excelsa, and various Eucalyptus species.

Xanthocarpia erichansenii is a species of terricolous (ground-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in southwest Greenland, where it grows on loess among mosses.

Caloplaca sterilis is a corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen belonging to the family Teloschistaceae, described in 2011. It is primarily found in steppe and sand dune habitats in the Black Sea region, and has been recorded from Bulgaria, Romania, southwest Russia, and Ukraine. Caloplaca sterilis is characterised by tiny squamules/areoles with contrasting pale greyish-green to greenish soredia. It is easily overlooked and challenging to identify when completely sorediate and sterile, especially as its soredia do not contain the typical Sedifolia-grey pigment.

Fauriea trassii is a lichen species in the family Teloschistaceae, described in 2011. It is primarily found in the Far East of Russia, particularly in the Primorsky Krai region.

<i>Flavoplaca limonia</i> Species of lichen

Flavoplaca limonia is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was first formally described as a new species in 1994 by lichenologists Pier Luigi Nimis and Josef Poelt. Ulf Arup and colleagues transferred the taxon to the genus Flavoplaca in 2013, following a molecular phylogenetics-based restructuring of the family Teloschistaceae.

<i>Flavoplaca maritima</i> Species of lichen

Flavoplaca maritima is a species of crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in costal areas of Northern, Western, and Southern Europe. It mostly occurs on rocks, but has also been recorded growing on wood.

<i>Polycauliona bolacina</i> Species of lichen

Polycauliona bolacina, the waxy firedot lichen, is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in western North America.

Flavoplaca kantvilasii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2007.

Flavoplaca arcisproxima is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found primarily in the coastal regions of the Crimean Peninsula and the eastern Mediterranean, particularly in Crete, Greece.

References

  1. ↑ "Synonymy. Current Name: Flavoplaca austrocitrina (Vondrák, Říha, Arup & Søchting) Arup, Søchting & Frödén, in Arup, Søchting & Frödén, Nordic Jl Bot. 31(1): 44 (2013)". Species Fungorum . Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  2. ↑ "Flavoplaca austrocitrina (Vondrák, Říha, Arup & Søchting) Arup, Søchting & Frödén". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Vondrák, Jan; Říha, Pavel; Arup, Ulf; Søchting, Ulrik (2009). "The taxonomy of the Caloplaca citrina group (Teloschistaceae) in the Black Sea region; with contributions to the cryptic species concept in lichenology". The Lichenologist. 41 (6): 571–604. doi:10.1017/s0024282909008317.
  4. ↑ Arup, Ulf; Søchting, Ulrik; Frödén, Patrik (2013). "A new taxonomy of the family Teloschistaceae". Nordic Journal of Botany. 31 (1): 16–83. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00062.x.
  5. 1 2 Rosato, Vilma G.; Arup, Ulf (2010). "Caloplaca austrocitrina (Teloschistaceae) new for South America, based on molecular and morphological studies". The Bryologist. 113 (1): 124–128. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-113.1.124.
  6. ↑ Guiamet, Patricia S.; Rosato, Vilma; de Saravia, Sandra Gómez; García, Ana M.; Moreno, Diego A. (2012). "Biofouling of crypts of historical and architectural interest at La Plata Cemetery (Argentina)". Journal of Cultural Heritage. 13 (3): 339–344. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2011.11.002.
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