Flavoplaca oasis

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Flavoplaca oasis
Caloplaca oasis (28160823509).jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Teloschistales
Family: Teloschistaceae
Genus: Flavoplaca
Species:
F. oasis
Binomial name
Flavoplaca oasis
(A.Massal.) Arup, Frödén & Søchting (2013)
Synonyms [1]
List
  • Callopisma aurantiacum var. oasisA.Massal. (1856)
  • Callopisma aurantiacum * oasis(A.Massal.) Körb. (1859)
  • Caloplaca aurantiaca f. oasis(A.Massal.) Th.Fr. (1871)
  • Callopisma aurantiacum f. oasis(A.Massal.) Arnold (1881)
  • Lecanora aurantiaca var. oasis(A.Massal.) Stizenb. (1882)
  • Caloplaca erythrella var. oasis(A.Massal.) H.Olivier (1909)
  • Caloplaca pyracea var. rohlenaeServít (1931)
  • Caloplaca velana var. oasis(A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (1931)
  • Caloplaca oasis(A.Massal.) Szatala (1932)
  • Placodium placidium var. oasis(A.Massal.) Szatala (1959)
  • Placodium oasis(A.Massal.) Szatala (1960)
  • Caloplaca oasis f. rohlenae(Servít) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (1976)
  • Caloplaca aurantiaca var. oasis(A.Massal.) Mayrhofer, Denchev, Stoykov & Nikolova (2005)
  • Caloplaca oasis subsp. rohlenae(Servít) Cl.Roux (2008)

Flavoplaca oasis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. [2] It is widely distributed across Europe, and has been reported in Western Asia, China, and North Africa.

Contents

Taxonomy

It was first formally described in 1856 by the Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo, as a variety of Callopisma aurantiacum. Ödön Szatala promoted it to distinct species status in 1932, classifying it in the genus Caloplaca . [3] Ulf Arup and colleagues transferred the taxon to the genus Flavoplaca in 2013, following a molecular phylogenetics-based restructuring of the family Teloschistaceae. [4]

Description

The lichen Flavoplaca oasis has a typically visible yet thin thallus, characterised by small granules or areoles , particularly noticeable at the thallus margin . The thallus presents a pale yellow hue. It features an alveolate (honeycomb-like) cortex, and its algal layer is distinctly separated by fungal hyphae. This species lacks a prothallus and does not produce vegetative propagules such as isidia, soredia, and blastidia . The medulla of the thallus is white. [5]

Apothecia (fruiting bodies) in Flavoplaca oasis are abundant and are either pseudolecanorine or zeorine in form. They are sessile with a round or elliptical shape, measuring 0.1–0.5 mm in diameter. The apothecial discs are slightly convex, ranging in colour from orange to dark orange, and are not pruinose (dusty or frosted in appearance). The proper margin of the apothecia is very thin and slightly raised, appearing paler than the disc. The amphithecium (outer layer of the apothecia) is somewhat reduced and contains numerous algae, with a poorly developed cortex. The epihymenium (outermost hymenium layer) is granular and yellow, while the hymenium (tissue layer containing the asci) itself is hyaline (translucent) and measures 75–85  µm in height. Paraphyses (filamentous structures in the hymenium) are simple or slightly branched above, with 1–2 apical cells thickened, extending up to 7 µm wide. The hypothecium (the tissue layer below the hymenium) is either hyaline or inspersed , consisting of thin-walled roundish cells measuring 53–125 µm. This layer lacks crystals or oil droplets and features irregular, prosoplectenchymatous hyphae that are 40–50 µm high. The exciple (outer rim of the apothecia) consists of thin-walled oval to polygonal cells, with the upper side measuring 38–50 µm. Paraphyses are mostly simple , occasionally forked, with swollen tip cells measuring 4.5–5.3 µm in width. Asci (spore-bearing cells) are of the Teloschistes -type, measuring 43–52 by 11–21 µm, and typically contain eight spores. The ascospores are polarilocular and thin-walled, measuring 8.5–13.5 by 4.0–7.6 µm. The spore septum is wide, more than a quarter of the spore length, measuring 2.9–4.6 µm. Pycnidia (asexual reproductive structures) have not been observed in this species. [5]

Chemically, the thallus reacts K+ (purple), while the medulla is K−. The epihymenium also reacts K+ (purple). [5]

Similar species

Flavoplaca oasis shares similarities with several species. One such species is Athallia holocarpa . The key distinguishing feature of Athallia holocarpa is its apothecia, which have a more yellow tinge compared to the orange hue of Flavoplaca oasis. Additionally, Athallia holocarpa has thicker and more prominent proper margins of the apothecia, and its spores have a broader isthmus , setting it apart from Flavoplaca oasis. [5]

Another species that closely resembles Flavoplaca oasis is Flavoplaca polycarpa . This species can be differentiated by its larger apothecia, which are accompanied by thicker margins. Moreover, Flavoplaca polycarpa is characterised by a more distinct and thicker orange thallus, contrasting with the paler yellow thallus of Flavoplaca oasis. These morphological differences are used in distinguishing Flavoplaca oasis from its look-alikes in the field. [5]

Habitat and distribution

Flavoplaca oasis has established a widespread presence across Europe, [6] and has been reported in Western Asia [7] and North Africa. [8]

The typical habitats for Flavoplaca oasis are substrates such as pure limestone, concrete, and mortar, indicating the species' preference for alkaline environments often found in man-made structures. Additionally, Flavoplaca oasis has a versatile ecological role, as it can grow both as a free-living lichen and as a parasitic lichen. In its parasitic form, it grows on endolithic species (i.e., crustose lichens that grow in the interior of rocks) of the genus Verrucaria . [5] The known distribution of the lichen was expanded in 2018 to include China. [5]

Related Research Articles

<i>Gyalolechia</i> Genus of lichen-forming fungi

Gyalolechia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi belonging to the family Teloschistaceae. It contains 18 species of crustose lichens.

<i>Athallia</i> Genus of lichens

Athallia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulf Arup, Patrik Frödén, and Ulrik Søchting, and the type species is Athallia holocarpa. The genus name means "without a thallus".

<i>Flavoplaca</i> Genus of lichen

Flavoplaca is a genus of crust-like or scaly lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 28 species with a mostly Northern Hemisphere distribution.

<i>Variospora flavescens</i> Species of lichen

Variospora flavescens is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is a common, widely distributed species and has been recorded in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Macaronesia.

Solitaria is a fungal genus in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains a single species, the corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen Solitaria chrysophthalma.

<i>Leproplaca cirrochroa</i> Species of lichen

Leproplaca cirrochroa is a widespread and common species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It grows up to 5 cm across, featuring a placodioid thallus with narrow, finger-like lobes that adhere closely to the surface, showing intricate division and ranging in colour from dirty orange to brownish orange, often with paler, pruinose orange ends.

Filsoniana kiamae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. The lichen forms small rosettes with brownish-orange areoles, and it occasionally develops isidia. Its rare apothecia are round, with brownish-orange margins and a reddish disc.

Cerothallia subluteoalba is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was described as a new species in 2009. This species is distinguished by its numerous bright yellow to soft yellow-orange apothecia, tiny spores with slim dividers (septa), and a barely distinguishable thallus that either fades away or grows inside its host.

Sirenophila maccarthyi is a species of corticolous/lignicolous, crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has a thallus that is whitish or greyish, often inconspicuous and not always continuous, which can appear darker or dirty grey near its numerous, clustered apothecia. Sirenophila maccarthyi is distributed across regions including Western Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and New Zealand, in both coastal and inland habitats. It typically grows on the bark and dead wood of a wide range of trees and shrubs such as Acacia sophorae, Araucaria excelsa, and various Eucalyptus species.

Xanthocarpia erichansenii is a species of terricolous (ground-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in southwest Greenland, where it grows on loess among mosses.

Fauriea trassii is a lichen species in the family Teloschistaceae, described in 2011. It is primarily found in the Far East of Russia, particularly in the Primorsky Krai region.

Caloplaca nothoholocarpa is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Chile.

<i>Flavoplaca austrocitrina</i> Species of lichen

Flavoplaca austrocitrina is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed in Europe, and has also been recorded in South America.

<i>Flavoplaca maritima</i> Species of lichen

Flavoplaca maritima is a species of crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in costal areas of Northern, Western, and Southern Europe. It mostly occurs on rocks, but has also been recorded growing on wood.

<i>Parvoplaca tiroliensis</i> Species of lichen

Parvoplaca tiroliensis is a species of crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae, and the type species of the genus Parvoplaca. It is widely distributed, and has been recorded growing on a variety of substrates, including moss, dead plant material, and bone.

<i>Polycauliona bolacina</i> Species of lichen

Polycauliona bolacina, the waxy firedot lichen, is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in western North America.

Flavoplaca kantvilasii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2007.

Dufourea angustata is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed across Australia.

Flavoplaca arcisproxima is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found primarily in the coastal regions of the Crimean Peninsula and the eastern Mediterranean, particularly in Crete, Greece.

Elixjohnia jackelixii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia and New Zealand. The lichen is characterised by its unique multilayered appearance with outer sterile rings that are brownish or greenish-yellow and inner areoles that are whitish, yellowish, or greyish, often cracked to reveal the medulla underneath. Its fruiting bodies, or apothecia, are typically attached directly to the thallus and vary in colour and shape.

References

  1. ↑ "Synonymy. Current Name: Flavoplaca oasis (A. Massal.) Arup, Frödén & Søchting, Nordic Jl Bot. 31(1): 46 (2013)". Species Fungorum . Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  2. ↑ "Flavoplaca marina (Wedd.) Arup, Frödén & Søchting". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  3. ↑ Szatala, O. (1932). "Lichenes a divo H. Lojka relictae". Magyar Botanikai Lapok. 31: 67–126 [120].
  4. ↑ Arup, Ulf; Søchting, Ulrik; Frödén, Patrik (2013). "A new taxonomy of the family Teloschistaceae". Nordic Journal of Botany. 31 (1): 16–83. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00062.x.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Miao, Cong-Cong; Zhao, Xiang-Xiang; Zhao, Zun-Tian; Shahidin, Hurnisa; Zhang, Lu-Lu (2018). "Huneckia pollinii and Flavoplaca oasis newly recorded from China". Mycotaxon. 132 (4): 895–901. doi:10.5248/132.895.
  6. ↑ Arup, Ulf (2009). "The Caloplaca holocarpa group in the Nordic countries, except Iceland". The Lichenologist. 41 (2): 111–130. doi:10.1017/S0024282909008135.
  7. ↑ John, V.; Seaward, M.R.D.; Sipman, H.J.M.; Zedda; L. (2004). "Lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Syria, including a first checklist". Herzogia. 17: 157–177.
  8. ↑ Thor, G.; Nascimbene, J. (2010). "An annotated checklist and bibliography of lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Libya". Cryptogamie, Mycologie. 31: 67–95.
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