The Free & Equal Elections Foundation (Free & Equal) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit, non-partisan organization in the United States, the mission of which is to empower American voters through education and advocacy of electoral reforms. [1]
Free & Equal leads national, state, and local efforts to open the electoral process in the United States by hosting all-inclusive gubernatorial, Presidential, and senatorial debates; organizing Electoral Reform Symposiums; producing United We Stand tours; and supporting individuals running for office. Free & Equal was first organized in 1982 as the Foundation for Free Campaigns and Elections, before being formally reorganized in 2008 by Christina Tobin, an American activist and leader in the election reform and voters' rights movement.
During the 2008 presidential election, Free & Equal hosted a presidential debate at the Mayflower Renaissance Hotel in Washington, D.C., on October 23, 2008. Constitution Party candidate Chuck Baldwin and independent candidate Ralph Nader participated in a debate moderated by journalist Chris Hedges. The Free & Equal debate was the only presidential debate featuring independent and third-party candidates held during the 2008 election to be broadcast to a national audience. The debate was broadcast live on C-SPAN2 in prime time.
Free & Equal debates, 2008 | ||||||||||
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N° | Date | Host | Location | Moderators | Participants | |||||
P Participant N Non-invitee A Absent invitee | Democratic | Republican | Libertarian | Green | Constitution | Independent | ||||
Senator Barack Obama of Illinois | Senator John McCain of Arizona | Congressman Bob Barr of Georgia | Congresswoman Cynthia McKinney of Georgia | Pastor Chuck Baldwin of Florida | Advocate Ralph Nader of Connecticut | |||||
1 | October 23, 2008 | A | A | A | A | P | P |
In 2012, Free & Equal sponsored the October 23, 2012 debate among four third party candidates for President of the United States. It featured Gary Johnson (Libertarian Party), Jill Stein (Green Party), Virgil Goode (Constitution Party), and Rocky Anderson (Justice Party). The debate was moderated by former Larry King Live host Larry King and Christina Tobin. It was televised by RT TV, Al Jazeera English, and C-SPAN. [2] [3]
Free & Equal debates, 2012 | ||||||||||
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N° | Date | Host | Location | Moderator | Participants | |||||
P Participant. N Non-invitee. A Absent invitee. | Democratic | Republican | Libertarian | Green | Constitution | Justice | ||||
President Barack Obama of Illinois | Governor Mitt Romney of Massachusetts | Governor Gary Johnson of New Mexico | Doctor Jill Stein of Massachusetts | Congressman Virgil Goode of Virginia | Mayor Rocky Anderson of Utah | |||||
1 | October 23, 2012 | Larry King of Ora.TV | A | A | P | P | P | P | ||
2 | November 5, 2012 | Thom Hartmann of RT | N | N | P | P | N | N | ||
Free & Equal hosted an open debate along with Student Voices Count at the University of Colorado Boulder's Macky Auditorium on October 25, 2016. [4] Originally, all presidential candidates with ballot access sufficient to represent a majority of electoral votes were invited. [5] in October 2016, Free and Equal extended the invitation to all candidates with ballot lines representing at least fifteen percent of potential voters: the Democratic, Republican, Libertarian, Green, Constitution, Reform, and Socialism and Liberation parties, as well as independent candidate Evan McMullin. [6] Gary Johnson, who participated in the 2012 debate, had already publicly declined in July 2016 to debate Jill Stein on The Young Turks because of a matter of "just time". [7]
Free & Equal debates, 2016 | ||||||||||||
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N° | Date | Host | Location | Moderators | Invited participants | |||||||
P Participant. A Absent invitee. | Republican | Democratic | Libertarian | Green | Constitution | Reform | PSL | Independent | ||||
Businessman Donald Trump of New York | Secretary Hillary Clinton of New York | Governor Gary Johnson of New Mexico | Doctor Jill Stein of Massachusetts | Lieutenant Darrell Castle of Tennessee | Businessman Rocky De La Fuente of California | Activist Gloria La Riva of California | Director Evan McMullin of Utah | |||||
1 | October 25, 2016 | University of Colorado Boulder | Boulder, Colorado | Ed Asner [8] | A | A | A | A | P [9] [8] | P [9] [8] | P [9] [8] | A |
Early on March 4, 2020, the Free & Equal Elections Foundation held a debate at the Hilton Chicago Hotel. Various third-party candidates, as well as minor candidates affiliated with the Democratic and Republican parties attended. [10] Some, but not all, of the participants would go on to be their parties nominees.
2020 Free & Equal debates | |||||||||||||
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No. | Date & Time | Location | Moderators | Invited participants | |||||||||
P Participant. | Democratic | Libertarian | Green | Constitution | American Solidarity | Life and Liberty | Transhumanist | ||||||
Businessman Mark Stewart of Connecticut | Activist Dan Berhman of Texas | Carpenter Erik Gerhardt of Pennsylvania | LNC Vice Chair Arvin Vohra of Maryland | Activist Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry of California | Financial Advisor Charles Kraut of Virginia | Educator Brian Carroll of California | Activist J.R. Myers of Alaska | Activist Ben Zion of Arizona | |||||
1a | March 4, 2020 2:00 pm CST | Chicago, Illinois | Christina Tobin | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | |
P Participant. | Republican | Democratic | Libertarian | Green / Socialist | PSL | Independent | |||||||
Futurist Zoltan Istvan of California | Attorney Mosie Boyd of Arkansas | Lieutenant Ken Armstrong of Hawaii | Lecturer Jo Jorgensen of South Carolina | Corporal Adam Kokesh of Indiana | Activist Vermin Supreme of Massachusetts | Tradesman Howie Hawkins of New York | Activist Gloria La Riva of California | Activist Mark Charles of the District of Columbia | |||||
1b | March 4, 2020 6:30 pm CST | Chicago, Illinois | Christina Tobin | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | P |
Two debates were held prior to the general election. The first was on October 8, 2020, in Denver, Colorado, with participation limited to candidates on the ballot in at least eight states. [11] A second debate with the same candidates occurred on October 24, 2020, in Cheyenne, Wyoming. [12]
2020 Free & Equal debates | |||||||||||||
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No. | Date & Time | Location | Moderators | Invited participants | |||||||||
P Participant. A Absent Invitee. | Republican | Democratic | Libertarian | Green / Socialist | PSL | Alliance / Reform | Constitution | American Solidarity | Independent | ||||
President Donald Trump of Florida | Former Vice President Joe Biden of Delaware | Lecturer Jo Jorgensen of South Carolina | Tradesman Howie Hawkins of New York | Activist Gloria La Riva of California | Businessman Rocky De La Fuente of California | Businessman Don Blankenship of West Virginia | Educator Brian Carroll of California | Entrepreneur Brock Pierce of Puerto Rico | Producer Kanye West of Wyoming | ||||
2 | October 8, 2020 6:00 pm MDT | Denver, Colorado | Christina Tobin | A | A | A | P | P | A | P | P | P | A |
3 | October 24, 2020 6:00 pm MDT | Cheyenne, Wyoming | Christina Tobin | A | A | A | P | P | A | A | P | P | A |
On January 18, 2024, the Free & Equal Elections Foundation held its first ever Democratic Party primary debate streamed on Rumble while four candidates took the stage at Chelsea Television Studios in New York City, New York. Candidates were invited if they had ballot access in at least four states. Although eight candidates were invited, [13] only Gabriel Cornejo, Frankie Lozada, Stephen Lyons, and Jason Palmer participated. [14]
On February 29, 2024 Free & Equal held its first independent presidential debate also at Chelsea Television Studios featuring two Libertarian candidates (Chase Oliver and Lars Mapstead), two Green Party candidates (Jill Stein and Jasmine Sherman) (also nominee of The Unicorn Party), plus Party for Socialism and Liberation nominee Claudia De la Cruz. Independent candidates Robert F. Kennedy Jr and Cornel West were invited but unable to attend. [15] [16]
These selections were made via multiple choice voting available on their website where members of the public could pick their top seven candidates across party lines and independents. [17]
2024 Free & Equal debates | |||||||||||||
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No. | Date & Time | Location | Moderators | Invited participants | |||||||||
P Participant. A Absent Invitee. | Democratic | ||||||||||||
President Joe Biden of Delaware | Entrepreneur Gabriel Cornejo of New York | Entrepreneur Frankie Lozada of New York | Plumber Stephen Lyons of California | Entrepreneur Jason Palmer of Maryland | Congressman Dean Phillips of Minnesota | Media host Cenk Uygur of California | Author Marianne Williamson of California | ||||||
1 | January 18, 2024 6:00 pm PDT | Los Angeles, California | Christina Tobin Kwame Jackson | A | P | P | P | P | A | A | A | ||
P Participant. A Absent Invitee. | Libertarian | Green | PSL | Independent | |||||||||
Businessman Lars Mapstead of California | Sales executive Chase Oliver of Georgia | Activist Jasmine Sherman of North Carolina | Doctor Jill Stein of Massachusetts | Activist Claudia De la Cruz of New York | Attorney Robert F. Kennedy Jr. of California | Academic Cornel West of California | |||||||
2 | February 29, 2024 8:00 pm EDT | New York City, New York | Jason Palmer Caitlin Sinclair Christina Tobin | P | P | P | P | P | A | A |
Free and Equal hosted a second debate on July 12, 2024, at FreedomFest in Las Vegas, Nevada moderated by the foundation's chair, Christina Tobin and congressman Thomas Massie. [18] [19]
Biden, Kennedy, Oliver, Stein, Randall Terry, Trump and West were invited to the debate, [18] while Oliver, Stein, and Terry participated. [18]
The Free and Equal hosted a third debate on October 23, 2024 in Los Angeles, California moderated by the foundation's chair, Christina Tobin and former U.S. Comptroller General David Walker. [20]
Chase Oliver, Jill Stein, Randall Terry, Claudia De la Cruz, Kamala Harris, Donald Trump, and Cornel West were invited. Oliver, Stein, and Terry participated again. Confirmed United We Stand artists: Loomis, Mahdieh Maleki, LeRome Swiss, Samuel J, Jon Nash, Shyalpa Rinpoche, Shylah Ray, Scott Page, Jose Muñoz, Franko Heke, Charlie Scott III/Chad Bishop, Colin Cantrell and Kaisi Berick.
Since 2009, Free & Equal has hosted electoral reform symposiums to unite intellectuals and experts to share and debate reforms to the U.S. electoral system. Past panelists and speakers include President of The League of Women Voters of Colorado Nancy Crow, Deputy Secretary of State of Colorado Suzanne Staiert, Founder of FairVote Rob Richie, Founder of Nexus Earth Colin Cantrell, Founder of Ballot Access News Richard Winger and more. [21] [22] [23] [24] [25]
In 2014, Free & Equal launched United We Stand, a festival and tour uniting the younger generations with musicians, artists, and thought leaders to promote political and cultural change. Since its inception, the tour has made stops at Belasco Theater in Los Angeles in 2014 [26] and 2015, [27] University of Colorado Boulder in 2016, [28] and Texas A&M University in 2018. [29] The 2019 tour includes Indiana, [30] Texas, [31] Colorado, [32] Oregon, [33] and Tennessee. [34]
The Green Party of the United States (GPUS) is a federation of Green state political parties in the United States. The party promotes green politics, specifically environmentalism; nonviolence; social justice; participatory democracy; grassroots democracy; anti-war; anti-racism. As of 2023, it is the fourth-largest political party in the United States by voter registration, behind the Libertarian Party.
Third party, or minor party, is a term used in the United States' two-party system for political parties other than the Republican and Democratic parties.
Jill Ellen Stein is an American physician and activist who was the Green Party's nominee for president of the United States in the 2012, 2016 and 2024 elections. She was the Green-Rainbow Party's candidate for governor of Massachusetts in 2002 and 2010. Stein is among the list of several women who have run for President of the United States and also one of the few who received more than a million votes in the general election, behind Hillary Clinton, Jo Jorgensen and Kamala Harris.
The 2016 United States presidential election was the 58th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016. The Republican ticket of businessman Donald Trump and Indiana governor Mike Pence defeated the Democratic ticket of former secretary of state and First Lady of the United States Hillary Clinton and Virginia junior senator Tim Kaine, in what was considered one of the biggest political upsets in American history. It was the fifth and most recent presidential election in which the winning candidate lost the popular vote. It was also the sixth and most recent presidential election in U.S. history in which both major party candidates were registered in the same home state; the others have been in 1860, 1904, 1920, 1940, and 1944.
Christina Tobin is an American activist and leader in the election reform and voters' rights movements. She is the founder and chair of The Free & Equal Elections Foundation, and president and chief executive officer of Free and Equal, Inc.
The 2012 United States presidential debates were a series of debates held during the 2012 presidential election.
The Justice Party was a political party in the United States. It was organized in November 2011 by a group of political activists including Rocky Anderson, a former mayor of Salt Lake City, as an alternative to what they saw as a duopoly of the two major political parties. One of the goals of the Justice Party favored removing corporate domination and other concentrated wealth from politics. In 2012, the Justice Party nominated Rocky Anderson for president and Luis J. Rodriguez for vice president. The Justice Party endorsed Bernie Sanders during the primary election in 2016.
The 2012 presidential campaign of Jill Stein was announced on October 24, 2011. Jill Stein, a physician from Massachusetts, gave indication in August 2011 that she was considering running for President of the United States with the Green Party in the 2012 national election. She wrote in a published questionnaire that she had been asked to run by a number of Green activists and felt compelled to consider the possibility after the U.S. debt-ceiling crisis which she called "the President's astounding attack on Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid – a betrayal of the public interest."
This article contains lists of official and potential third-party and independent candidates associated with the 2016 United States presidential election.
The 2016 United States presidential debates were a series of debates held during the 2016 presidential election.
Jill Stein, a physician from Massachusetts, announced her entry into the 2016 United States presidential election on June 22, 2015. Stein had been the Green Party's presidential nominee in 2012, in which she received 469,627 votes. In the 2016 election, she once again secured the Green Party nomination and lost in the general election. She received 1.07% of the popular vote and no electoral college delegates.
The 2016 Green Party presidential primaries were a series of primaries, caucuses and state conventions in which voters elected delegates to represent a candidate for the Green Party's nominee for President of the United States at the 2016 Green National Convention. The primaries, held in numerous states on various dates from January to July 2016, featured elections publicly funded and held as an alternative ballot, concurrent with the Democratic and Republican primaries, and elections privately funded by the Green Party, held non-concurrently with the major party primaries. Over 400 delegates to the Green National Convention were elected in these primaries, with a candidate needing a simple majority of these delegates to become the party's nominee for president.
Rocky De La Fuente ran a third-party campaign for the presidency of the United States in the 2016 election. De La Fuente had sought the Democratic Party's nomination during their presidential primaries. De La Fuente did not win any delegates to the 2016 Democratic National Convention, but he came in fourth by total votes received. De La Fuente founded the American Delta Party and ran as its presidential nominee with running mate Michael Steinberg. He was also the presidential nominee of the Reform Party, which had ballot access in Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi. He received 33,136 votes in the general election, placing him eighth in the popular vote.
The Green presidential debates are a series of political debates between the Green candidates for president in the United States 2020 presidential election.
This article lists third party and independent candidates, also jointly known as minor candidates, associated with the 2024 United States presidential election.
The 2024 United States presidential election in North Carolina took place on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia will participate. North Carolina voters will choose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote. The state of North Carolina has 16 electoral votes in the Electoral College, following reapportionment due to the 2020 United States census in which the state gained a seat.
The 2024 United States presidential election in Oregon is currently taking place on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States elections in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia will participate. Oregon voters will choose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote. The state of Oregon has eight electoral votes in the Electoral College, following reapportionment due to the 2020 United States census in which the state gained a seat.
The 2024 United States presidential election in Texas was held on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia will participate. Texas voters will choose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote. The state of Texas has 40 electoral votes in the Electoral College, following reapportionment due to the 2020 United States census in which the state gained two seats.
Jill Stein, a physician from Massachusetts, announced her entry into the 2024 United States presidential election on November 9, 2023. Stein had been the Green Party nominee in 2012 and 2016. In 2012, she received 470,000 votes. In the 2016 election, she received 1.46 million votes.
Well, just time, you know.
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