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Konkan is a stretch of land by the west coast of India, running from Damaon in the north to Karwar in the south, with the Arabian Sea to the west and the Western Ghauts in the east. The hinterland east of the coast has numerous river valleys and riverine islands among the hilly slopes leading up into the tablelands of the Deccan Plateau. The region has been recognized by name since at least the time of Strabo in the third century CE. The best-known islands of Konkan are Goa (island), the site of the Goa state's capital at Panjim, and the seven islands of Bombay on which lies Bombay (Mumbai), the capital of Maharashtra.
Kàrāvàlī, also known as Kanara or Canara in Indo-British English, is the a historically significant stretch of land situated by the southwestern coast of India, alongside the Arabian Sea in the present-day Indian state of Karnataka. The region comprises three civil districts, namely: Uttara Kannada, Udupi, and Dakshina Kannada.
Konkani is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Konkani people, primarily along the western coastal region (Konkan) of India. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages mentioned in the 8th schedule of the Indian Constitution and the official language of the Indian state of Goa. The first Konkani inscription is dated 1187 A.D. It is a minority language in Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat and Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.
The Saraswat Brahmins are a Hindu Brahmin subcaste, who have spread from Kashmir in North India to Konkan in West India to Kanara and Kerala in South India. The word Saraswat is derived from the Rigvedic Sarasvati River.
The Chitpavan Brahmin or Konkanastha Brahmin is a Hindu Maharashtrian Brahmin community inhabiting Konkan, the coastal region of the state of Maharashtra. Initially working as messengers and spies in the late seventeenth century, the community came into prominence during the 18th century when the heirs of Peshwa from the Bhat family of Balaji Vishwanath became the de facto rulers of the Maratha empire. Until the 18th century, the Chitpavans were held in low esteem by the Deshastha, the older established Brahmin community of Maharashtra region who considered the Chitpavans as Parvenus or newcomers to the Brahmin class.
East Indian Catholics or Bombay East Indians, are an ethno-religious Indian Christian community in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region.
Karhaḍe Brahmins are a Hindu Brahmin sub-caste mainly from the Indian state of Maharashtra, but are also distributed in states of Goa, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh.
Konkani Muslims are an ethnoreligious subgroup of the Konkani people of the Konkan region along the west coast of India, who practice Islam. Nawayath Muslims from the North Canara district of Karnataka have similar origin as Konkani Muslims, but show a distinct ethnolinguistic identity due to geographical isolation of the Canara coast from the Konkan coast.
Gaud Saraswat Brahmins(GSB) are a Hindu Brahmin community, who are part of the larger Saraswat Brahmin community that migrated to Konkan from Gaud, as per the Skanda Purana in ancient India. They belong to the Pancha (five) Gauda Brahmana groups.They primarily speak Konkani and it's various dialects, as their mother tongue.
Mangalorean Catholics are an ethno-religious community of Indian Christians adhering to the Latin Rite of worship, from the Roman Catholic Diocese of Mangalore, of the erstwhile South Canara area, by the southwestern coast of present-day Carnataca.
Goan Catholics are an ethno-religious community of Indian Christians following the Latin Rite of worship from the Goa state, in the southern part of the Konkan region along India's west coast. They are mostly Konkani people and speak the Konkani language.
Goans is the demonym used to describe the people native to Goa, India, who form an ethno-linguistic group resulting from the assimilation of Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Indo-Portuguese, and Austro-Asiatic ethnic and/or linguistic ancestries. They speak different dialects of Konkani natively. Goanese is an incorrect usage for Goans.
The Daivadnyas,, are a Konkani Gold-smith community, who claim to have descended from Vishwakarma, Hindu architect god and part of larger Vishwakarma community. They are native to the Konkan and are mainly found in the states of Goa and Damaon, Canara, coastal Maharashtra, and Kerala.
Roman Catholic Brahmin is a caste among the Goan, Bombay East Indian and Mangalorean Catholics who are patrilineal descendants of Konkani Brahmin converts to the Latin Church in India, in parts of the Konkan region that were annexed into the Portuguese East Indies, with the capital (metropole) at Velha Goa, and of which Bom Bahia was the largest territory (province). They retain some of the ethno-social values and customs of their ancestors, and most of them exhibit a noticeable hybrid Latino-Concanic culture. They were known as the Brahmins among the "New Christians".
The indigenous population of the erstwhile Portuguese colony of Goa, Damaon& Diu underwent Christianisation following the Portuguese conquest of Goa in 1510. The converts in the Velhas Conquistas to Roman Catholicism were then granted full Portuguese citizenship. Almost all present-day Goan Catholics are descendants of these native converts, they constitute the largest Indian Christian community of Goa state and account for 25 percent of the population.
Marathi Brahmins, are communities native to the Indian state of Maharashtra. They are classified into mainly three sub-divisions based on their places of origin, "Desh", "Karad" and "Konkan". The Brahmin subcastes that come under Maharashtra Brahmins include Deshastha, Chitpavan (Konkanastha), Saraswat, Karhade, Gurav and Devrukhe. The Deshastha Brahmins are considered the original Brahmins of Maharashtra, with communities such as the Chitpavan being thought of as migrants from other areas.
The Kharvi, are a community found in Goa and Maharashtra. Some are Christians, while others are Hindus. They have various sub-groups, among which are the Taris, Tarukars, and Ramponkars.Taris are the primary fishermen, Tarukars are the Taru owning landlords, etc. Though they are largely involved in fisheries, hence they have right of sacred thread. They are distinct from the Gabit community found mostly in northern Goa and the Pagi community found mostly in southern Goa, although they share a similar traditional occupation. Those who are not engaged in fishing always wear the sacred thread, whereas the fishermen wear it for seven days from the Srāvana Hunnami, or full-moon day of the month Srāvana (August-September), and then remove it. Most follow the Shaiva Shakta tradition, whereas some follow the Smarta tradition.
Gavli or Gawli is a subcaste of the Yadav community, found in the Indian states of Maharashtra and Madhya pradesh. They are referred as Golla in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Karnataka. Yadav, Golla and Ahir Gawli are considered to be synonymous names. They are distributed all over Maharashtra. Although Reginald Edward has classified Gawlis as sub-caste of many Different castes like Yadav Ahir Gawli, Dhangar Gawli, Singaji Gawli and Lingayat Gawli These all caste's have nothing in common except same occupation. Along with Maratha and Kunbis, Ahir Gawli's are considered one of the allied castes of Maratha caste and have been included in the Maratha Regiment in the past.
Govind Sadashiv Ghurye was a pioneering Indian academic who was a professor of sociology. In 1924, he became the second person to head the Department of Sociology at the University of Bombay. And, is widely regarded as the founder of Indian Sociology & Sociology in India.
Akshay Ramanlal Desai was an Indian sociologist, Marxist and a social activist. He was Professor and Head of the Department of Sociology in University of Bombay in 1967. He is particularly known for his work Social Background of Indian Nationalism in which he offered a Marxist analysis of the genesis of Indian nationalism making use of history, which set a path to build socialism in India.
References
- 1 2 Gaonkar, Rekha R.; Rodrigues, Maria D.C.; Patil, R.B., eds. (2006). "The Fisherfolk Movement in Goa: A Conflict between Tradition and Modernity". Fishes & Fisheries. APH Publishing. pp. 247–248. ISBN 978-8-13130-035-0.