Galium album | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Gentianales |
Family: | Rubiaceae |
Genus: | Galium |
Species: | G. album |
Binomial name | |
Galium album | |
Subspecies | |
Synonyms | |
Species [2]
Subspecies G. album subsp. album [3]
G. album subsp. prusense [4]
G. album subsp. pycnotrichum [5]
G. album subsp. suberectum [6]
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Galium album, common names white bedstraw [7] and upright hedge bedstraw, [8] is an annual, herbaceous plant of the family Rubiaceae and is native to much of Europe.
The stems can grow to at least 150 centimetres (5 feet) and are more or less erect with ascending branches. The stem is square in sections with slight flanges. The plant is relatively hairless with shiny leaves and stem. Flowers are white or yellowish. [9] The fruits are hairless. [10] [11]
Galium album is widespread over much of Europe, native to a large region from Britain to Morocco, east to Turkey and Western Siberia. It has been introduced and is naturalized in Ireland, Scandinavia, Greenland and South Australia. [2] It is found in pastures and grassy banks, especially on dry calcareous soils. In Britain, G. album is local in lowland England, rare in the north, and very rare in Scotland. [9]
Five subspecies were accepted by Plants of the World Online as of December 2024 [update] , listed here with their native distributions: [2]
Galium odoratum, the sweet woodruff or sweetscented bedstraw, is a flowering perennial plant in the family Rubiaceae, native to much of Europe from Spain and Ireland to Russia, as well as Western Siberia, Turkey, Iran, the Caucasus, China and Japan. It is also sparingly naturalised in scattered locations in the United States and Canada. It is widely cultivated for its flowers and its sweet-smelling foliage.
Galium verum is a herbaceous perennial plant of the family Rubiaceae. It is widespread across most of Europe, North Africa, and temperate Asia from Palestine, Lebanon and Turkey to Japan and Kamchatka. It is naturalized in Tasmania, New Zealand, Canada, and the northern half of the United States.
Asperula, commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 91 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia.
Galium mollugo, common name hedge bedstraw or false baby's breath, is a herbaceous perennial plant of the family Rubiaceae. It shares the name hedge bedstraw with the related European species, Galium album.
Galium boreale or northern bedstraw is a species of perennial flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is widespread over the temperate and subarctic regions of Europe, Asia and North America including most of Canada and the northern United States.
Galium californicum is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common name California bedstraw.
Galium glabrescens is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common name Castle Lake bedstraw. It is native to the mountains of far northern California and southern Oregon, including the Klamath Mountains.
Galium hardhamiae is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family Rubiaceae, known by the common name Hardham's bedstraw. The scientific name may be misspelled Galium hardhamae. It is endemic to the Santa Lucia Range of southern Monterey County and northern San Luis Obispo County in California. It is a member of the serpentine soils flora in these coastal mountains. This is a perennial herb forming mats or clumps of stems no more than 30 centimeters long. The stems have many whorls of six fleshy green leaves, each leaf just 1 to 3 millimeters long. The inflorescences, clusters of yellow-green to pinkish flowers, appear in leaf axils.
Galium hypotrichium is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common name alpine bedstraw. It is native to the western United States, where it grows in mountain and plateau habitats, including parts of the Great Basin and Sierra Nevada in California, Nevada, and Utah.
Galium murale is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common names small goosegrass, yellow wall bedstraw and tiny bedstraw. It is native to the Mediterranean Basin of southern Europe and northern Africa, and the Middle East from Turkey and the Caucasus east to Iran and south to Saudi Arabia and Somalia. It is also considered native to the Canary Islands, Madeira and the Azores. It is naturalised in Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, Chile and California.
Galium serpenticum is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family (Rubiaceae) known by the common name intermountain bedstraw or many-flowered bedstraw.
Cynanchica, commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 73 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, the Middle East and central Asia. The genus was erected in 2020 to accommodate species split from the genus Asperula.
Galium anisophyllon, common name bedstraw or gaillet, is a flowering perennial plant in the family Rubiaceae.
Galium argense is a plant species in the Rubiaceae. It is endemic to California and native to Inyo and San Bernardino Counties. It is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants.
Galium circaezans, common name licorice bedstraw or wild licorice, is a plant species in the family Rubiaceae. It is native to the eastern half of the United States from the Great Plains to the Atlantic, plus Quebec and Ontario. There are also a few isolated populations in Washington state, probably adventive. Galium circaezans was originally described by André Michaux in Flora Boreali-Americana. It is also known as white licorice, forest bedstraw, and more. Galium circaezans is a weedy, herbaceous perennial or subshrub. It is native to Central and Eastern North America. Other synonyms of Galium circaezans include Galium brachiatum Muhl. (Illegitimate), Galium circaeoides Roem. & Schult, and Galium rotundifolium var. circaezans (Michx.) Kuntze. G circaezans is not threatened to go extinct.
Galium munzii is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is native to California, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah.
Galium orizabense is a species of plants in the family Rubiaceae, named for the town of Orizaba in Veracruz, where the first collections of the species were made. The species is native to Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panamá, Venezuela, Colombia, and Hispaniola, plus widely scattered locations in the southeastern United States.
Cynanchica lilaciflora is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is a subshrub native to Turkey and to Greece's east Aegean islands.