| Garra mullya | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Labeoninae |
| Genus: | Garra |
| Species: | G. mullya |
| Binomial name | |
| Garra mullya | |
| Synonyms | |
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The mullya garra (Garra mullya) or sucker fish is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Garra . It is found in streams and rivers throughout India except for Assam and the Himalayas. Reports of the species from Nepal have not been verified. [3]
A 2021 study found G. mullya to be the sister species to the stone sucker (G. ceylonensis) from Sri Lanka, with the ancestor of G. ceylonensis originating in India and colonizing Sri Lanka during the late Pliocene. The study also found G. mullya to comprise two genetically distinct parapatric Clades, which may represent two distinct species. [4]
The species is found in many river basins throughout peninsular India, including the Tapti, Narmada, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri river systems. It is found in mountain streams and lowland rivers, and seems to be rather resistant to pollution, as it has been abundantly recorded from polluted rivers such as the Bhadra River and the Mula-Mutha rivers. [3] However, it is apparently sensitive to endosulfan, as a 2011 survey found it to have disappeared from streams around Kasaragod after endosulfan was sprayed around cashew plantations. [5] It breeds from December to January and migrates upstream for spawning. [3]
The species is not of importance in commercial fisheries, but is caught in large numbers for subsistence fishing and is preferred by many; these fisheries do not seem to threaten the species. There are no reports of widespread threats to the species, and it is thus considered as least concern on the IUCN Red List. However, it has been suggested that more research into its population status, harvest levels, and threats may be essential. [3]
The Denison barb, Denison's barb, Miss Kerala, red-line torpedo barb, or roseline shark is an endangered species of cyprinid fish endemic to the fast-flowing hill streams and rivers of the Western Ghats in India. It is commonly seen in the aquarium trade; pet collection caused it to become endangered and is its single major threat.
The grey-headed canary-flycatcher, sometimes known as the grey-headed flycatcher, is a species of small flycatcher-like bird found in tropical Asia. It has a square crest, a grey hood and yellow underparts. They are found mainly in forested habitats where they often join other birds in mixed-species foraging flocks. Pairs are often seen as they forage for insects by making flycatcher-like sallies and calling aloud. Several subspecies are recognized within their wide distribution range. In the past the genus Culicicapa was considered to be an Old World flycatcher but studies have found them to belong to a new family designated as the Stenostiridae or fairy flycatchers that include the African genera Stenostira and Elminia.
The rohu, rui, or roho labeo is a species of fish of the carp family, found in rivers in South Asia. It is a large omnivore and extensively used in aquaculture.
The striped panchax is a species of killifish, of the genus Aplocheilus. An aquarium variant of this species with a more yellowish coloration is known as golden wonder killifish. The striped panchax inhabits fresh and brackish waters of India and Sri Lanka. It is found in streams, rivers, swamps, and paddy fields. This fish grows to a length of 10 cm (3.9 in). It has disappeared in certain parts of its range, due to the introduction of certain fish such as the guppy
Garra is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae. These fish are one example of the "log suckers", sucker-mouthed barbs and other cyprinids commonly kept in aquaria to keep down algae. The doctor fish of Anatolia and the Middle East belongs in this genus. The majority of the more than 140 species of garras are native to Asia, but about one-fifth of the species are from Africa.
Nannophrys ceylonensis, commonly known as the Sri Lanka rock frog or the Ceylon streamlined frog, is a species of frog. It used to be placed in the large frog family Ranidae but a phylogenetic study was undertaken using DNA sequences and it is now included in the family Dicroglossidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka where its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers and streams.
Tor putitora, the Putitor mahseer, Himalayan mahseer, or golden mahseer, is an endangered species of cyprinid fish that is found in rapid streams, riverine pools, and lakes in the Himalayan region. Its native range is within the basins of the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers. It is a popular gamefish, once believed to be the largest species of mahseer, and can reach up to 2.75 m (9.0 ft) in length and 54 kg (119 lb) in weight, though most caught today are far smaller. It is threatened by habitat loss, habitat degradation and overfishing, and it already has declined by more than an estimated 50%. This omnivorous species is generally found near the surface in water that ranges from 13 to 30 °C (55–86 °F).
Awaous grammepomus, the Scribbled goby, is a species of goby native to freshwater streams and rivers and brackish estuaries from Sri Lanka to New Guinea with a report of it occurring in Palau. This species can reach a length of 15 centimetres (5.9 in) SL. It is of minor importance to local commercial fisheries and can also be found in the aquarium trade.
The scarlet-banded barb is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Puntius. It is found in streams in India and Sri Lanka. It can reach a length of 20 cm (7.9 in).
The redside barb or two-spot barb is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Puntius. It is found in India and Sri Lanka. It was identified and classified by Pieter Bleeker in 1863.
Pethia punctata is a species of cyprinid fish found in streams and ponds of the Western Ghats of India. There have also been unconfirmed reports that it is also present in Sri Lanka. This species can reach a length of 7.5 centimetres (3.0 in) TL.
The olive barb is a species of cyprinid fish native to Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Myanmar. This species can reach a length of 42 centimetres (17 in) TL. It is of minor importance to local commercial fisheries and sought as a gamefish. It is popular in Bangladesh but unpopular in the aquarium trade.
Garra bicornuta, the Tunga garra, is a small species of ray-finned fish in cyprinid family from rivers in the Western Ghats in India.
Garra ceylonensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the cyprinid family. It is endemic to rivers and streams in Sri Lanka - and is considered as a schooling fish. It is a rheophilic species and occurs in slow to moderately flowing rivers and streams, and ascends small, rocky streams in order to breed. It primarily feeds on algae such as diatoms.
Garra mcclellandi is a species of cyprinid fish in the genus Garra which is found in mountain streams in the southern Western Ghats of India.
The Congaturi halfbeak, also known as the Valenciennes halfbeak, is a potamodromous species of fish in the family Hemiramphidae. It is a valued commercial fish in tropical countries both dried salted and fresh forms.
Ophisternon bengalense the Bengal eel, Bengal mudeel or onegill eel, is a species of fish in the family Synbranchidae. It is endemic to freshwater and brackish water rivers and swamps in Oceania and South Asia. It is normally 100 cm in maximum length.
Plectorhinchus ceylonensis, the Sri Lanka sweetlips, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae, one of two subfamilies in the family Haemulidae, the grunts. It is native to the Indian Ocean around Sri Lanka. It inhabits waters over coral reefs at depths from 5 to 20 m. This species is rarely found in the aquarium trade.
Tor remadevii, the orange-finned mahseer, also known as the hump-backed mahseer, is a critically endangered species of freshwater fish endemic to the Western Ghats of India. It is restricted to the Kaveri river basin.
Tor malabaricus, the Malabar mahseer, is a fish, a species of mahseer native to southwestern India.
