Genesis 1:1

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Genesis 1:1
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Genesis on egg cropped.jpg
The first chapter of Genesis (B'reshit in Hebrew) written on an egg in the Israel Museum
Book Book of Genesis
Hebrew Bible part Torah
Order in the Hebrew part1
Christian Bible part Old Testament
Order in the Christian part1
Genesis 1:1–5
Genesis 1 verses 1–5 sung in Hebrew as a cantillation
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Genesis 1:1 is the first verse of the first chapter of the Book of Genesis in the Hebrew and Christian Bibles and the opening of the Genesis creation narrative.

Contents

Text

The Hebrew is as follows:

  1. Bereshit (בְּרֵאשִׁית‎): "In the beginning of [something]". Be is a prepositional prefix, resh is a noun, "head". As a result, this forms part of a genitive phrase, leading to a linguistic and exegetical translation of this word being 'In the beginning of...'. [1]
  2. bara (בָּרָא‎): "[he] created/creating". The word is in the masculine singular form, so that "he" is implied; this verb is used only for the God of Israel. It always concern the bringing into existence of a functionality, through organisation and the assignment of roles and function, almost never the creation ex-nihilo of new material. [2]
  3. Elohim (אֱלֹהִים‎): the generic word for God, whether the God of Israel or the gods of other nations; it is used throughout Genesis 1, and contrasts with the phrase YHWH Elohim, "God YHWH", introduced in Genesis 2.
  4. et (אֵת‎): a particle used in front of the direct object of a verb, in this case "the heavens" and "the earth", indicating that these are what is being "created".
  5. Hashamayim ve'et ha'aretz (הַשָּׁמַיִם וְאֵת הָאָרֶץ‎): "the heavens and the earth"; this is a merism, a figure of speech indicating the two stand not for "heaven" and "earth" individually but "everything"; the entire cosmos. [3]

The Greek is as follows:

The Latin is as follows:

The Opening of Genesis Chapter 1 from a 1620-21 King James Bible in black letter type. The first edition of the KJV was 1611. Genesis Chapter One from a 1620-21 King James Bible.jpg
The Opening of Genesis Chapter 1 from a 1620–21 King James Bible in black letter type. The first edition of the KJV was 1611.

It can be translated into English in at least three ways:

  1. As a statement that the cosmos had an absolute beginning ("In the beginning, God created the heavens and earth").
  2. As a statement describing the world's condition when God began creating ("When in the beginning God created the heavens and the earth, the earth was untamed and shapeless").
  3. Taking all of Genesis 1:2 as background information ("When in the beginning God created the heavens and the earth, the earth being untamed and shapeless, God said, Let there be light!"). [6]

Analysis

Genesis 1:1 forms the basis for the Judeo-Christian doctrine of creation out of nothing ( creatio ex nihilo ). Some scholars still support this reading, [7] but most agree that on strictly linguistic and exegetical grounds this is not the preferred option, [8] [9] [10] and that the authors of Genesis 1 were concerned not with the origins of matter (the material which God formed into the habitable cosmos), but with the fixing of destinies. [2]

See also

References

Citations

  1. ↑ Blenkinsopp 2011, pp. 30–31.
  2. 1 2 Walton 2006, p. 183.
  3. ↑ Waltke 2011, p. 179.
  4. ↑ "Genesis - Septuagint and Brenton's Septuagint Translation". Ellopos. Retrieved 3 March 2025.
  5. ↑ "NOVA VULGATA LIBER GENESIS". Vatican City . Retrieved 2 June 2025.
  6. ↑ Bandstra 1999, pp. 38–39.
  7. ↑ Day 2021, p. 3.
  8. ↑ Blenkinsopp 2011, p. 30.
  9. ↑ Nebe 2002, p. 119.
  10. ↑ Clifford 2017, p. unpaginated.

Bibliography


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