Golden tanager

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Golden tanager
Tangara arthus - Tangara dorada - Golden Tanager (8542820434).jpg
At Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Thraupidae
Genus: Tangara
Species:
T. arthus
Binomial name
Tangara arthus
Lesson, R, 1832
Tangara arthus map.svg

The golden tanager (Tangara arthus) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is widespread and often common in highland forests of the Andes (from Bolivia and northwards) and Venezuelan Coastal Range in north-western South America.

Contents

Its plumage is overall golden-yellow with black to the back, wings, tail and ear-coverts. Some subspecies are partially/largely brown below.

Taxonomy and systematics

The golden tanager was first described as Tangara Arthus by René Lesson in 1840 on the basis of a specimen from Caracas, Venezuela. [2] [3] The generic name Tangara comes from the Tupí word tangara, meaning dancer. The specific name arthus is in honor of Arthus Bertrand, a French bookseller. [4] Golden tanager is the official common name designated by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOC). [5] Other names for the species include "chestnut-breasted tanager". [6]

The golden tanager is one of 27 species in the genus Tangara . Within the genus, it is part of a species group with the blue-whiskered tanager, green-and-gold tanager, emerald tanager, silver-throated tanager, saffron-crowned tanager, golden-eared tanager, and flame-faced tanager. In the group, it is sister to a clade formed by the emerald and silver-throated tanagers. This placement is supported by mitochondrial DNA evidence. [7] The following cladogram shows phylogenetic relationships within the species group based on the above study: [8]

Golden-eared tanager (Tangara chrysotis)

Saffron-crowned tanager (Tangara xanthocephala)

Blue-whiskered tanager (Tangara johannae)

Green-and-gold tanager (Tangara schrankii)

Flame-faced tanager (Tangara parzudakii)

Silver-throated tanager (Tangara icterocephala)

Emerald tanager (Tangara florida)

Golden tanager (Tangara arthus)

Subspecies

There are nine recognized subspecies of the golden tanager. [5] The subspecies are differentiated by differences in their appearance and their distribution. [7] All the subspecies excluding arthus are sometimes separated into a distinct species, Tangara aurulenta, on the basis of differences in plumage. [9]

Distribution and habitat

A pair of golden tanager feeding. Golden tanagers (47059952264).jpg
A pair of golden tanager feeding.

The golden tanager is found in the Venezuelan Coastal Range in Venezuela and in the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia at elevations of 700–2,500 m (2,300–8,200 ft), but is most common at elevations of 1,000–1,500 m (3,300–4,900 ft). It inhabits humid montane evergreen forest, as well as forest edges and nearby secondary growth. [7]

Status

The nominate subspecies of the golden tanager is listed as being a species of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) on the IUCN Red List because of its large range, relative commonness, and lack of a sufficiently rapid decline in population. [10] The other subspecies, which are considered to be a distinct species by the IUCN, are also listed as being of least concern for the above reasons. [11] However, the population of the golden tanager is decreasing, and it is threatened by habitat destruction. [10] [11]

Related Research Articles

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The turquoise tanager is a medium-sized passerine bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is a resident bird from Trinidad, much of Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela south to Bolivia. It is restricted to areas with humid forest, with its primary distribution being the Amazon, while a disjunct population occurs in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil. The latter population is sometimes considered a separate species, the white-bellied tanager.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bay-headed tanager</span> Species of bird

The bay-headed tanager is a medium-sized passerine bird. This tanager is a resident breeder in Costa Rica, Panama, South America south to Ecuador, Bolivia and north-western Brazil, and on Trinidad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silver-throated tanager</span> Species of bird from South America

The silver-throated tanager is a species of passerine bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is found in Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, and northeastern Peru. It inhabits mossy forests, montane evergreen forests, tropical lowland evergreen forests and forest edges, along with tall secondary forests and disturbed habitat with remnant trees and forest. It is 13 centimetres (5.1 in) long and weighs 22 grams (0.78 oz) on average, and shows slight sexual dimorphism, with duller female plumage. Adult males are mainly bright yellow, with a silvery-white throat bordered above with a black stripe on the cheeks, black streaking on the back, and green edges to the wings and tail. Juveniles are duller and greener.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beryl-spangled tanager</span> Species of bird

The beryl-spangled tanager is a small songbird of the northern Andes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fawn-breasted tanager</span> Species of bird

The fawn-breasted tanager is a species of tanager with a blue head and yellow breast. It occurs in the Andes of northwestern Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela, as well as in the highlands of northeastern Argentina, south Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hooded mountain tanager</span> Species of bird

The hooded mountain tanager is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is the only member of the genus Buthraupis. This yellow, blue and black tanager is found in forest, woodland and shrub in the Andean highlands of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. At 23 centimetres (9.1 in) and 85 grams (3.0 oz), it is one of the largest tanagers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plushcap</span> Genus of birds

The plushcap is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae and it is the only member of the genus Catamblyrhynchus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grey-hooded bush tanager</span> Species of bird

The grey-hooded bush tanager is a species of South American bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is the only member of the genus Cnemoscopus. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grey-headed tanager</span> Species of bird

The grey-headed tanager is a widely distributed species of small Neotropical bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is the only member of the genus Eucometis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pearled treerunner</span> Species of bird

The pearled treerunner is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Burnished-buff tanager</span> Species of bird

The burnished-buff tanager, also known as the rufous-crowned tanager, is a common South American species of bird in the family Thraupidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Golden-eared tanager</span> Species of bird

The golden-eared tanager is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is found in the eastern Andes of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru where its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metallic-green tanager</span> Species of bird

The metallic-green tanager is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flame-faced tanager</span> Species of bird from South America

The flame-faced tanager is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is endemic to South America and is found in the eastern Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is a distinctive-looking species with black and opalescent green upperparts, opalescent green and buff underparts, and a deep red and yellow face. The subspecies lunigera lacks the deep red on the face, which is replaced with orangish-red.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Golden-naped tanager</span> Species of bird

The golden-naped tanager is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is found in South America from Colombia to Bolivia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and heavily degraded former forest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Green-and-gold tanager</span> Species of bird

The green-and-gold tanager is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae, the tanagers. It is one of 27 species in the genus Tangara.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blue-and-black tanager</span> Species of bird from South America

The blue-and-black tanager is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is found in the Andes of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela, where it inhabits montane evergreen forest, dwarf forest, and secondary forest at elevations of 1,500–3,500 m (4,900–11,500 ft). It inhabits the highest altitude of any Tangara species, and is the only species from the genus that is found near the tree line. Adults are 13 cm (5.1 in) long and weigh 18 g (0.63 oz) on average, and are mostly blue with black masks, wings, and tails. The species shows slight sexual dimorphism, with females being slightly duller than males.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saffron-crowned tanager</span> Species of bird from South America

The saffron-crowned tanager is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. Found in the northern Andes of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela, it inhabits cloud forest, forest edges, and secondary forest, preferring areas with mossy trees. It is an average-sized species of tanager with a blue-green body and yellow head with a black forecrown, lores, orbital area, and chin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orange-headed tanager</span> Species of bird from South America

The orange-headed tanager is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. Native to South America, it is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela, where it inhabits successional vegetation, cerrado, riparian forest, shrub, brush, and open woodland. Males of the species have sandy-gray upperparts, cinnamon to buff underparts, white on the center of the lower breast, belly, and tail, and rufous-orange and yellow heads. Females are similar but duller.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blue-capped tanager</span> Species of bird

The blue-capped tanager is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It was formerly placed in the genus Thraupis but is now the only species in the genus Sporathraupis.

References

  1. BirdLife International (2017). "Tangara arthus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T103849276A119485491. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T103849276A119485491.en . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. Lesson, R. P. Illustrations de zoologie, ou, Recueil de figures d'animaux peintes d'après nature. Paris: Arthus Bertrand.
  3. Field Museum of Natural History (1936). Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History and including all species and subspecies known to occur in North America, Mexico, Central America, South America, the West Indies, and islands of the Caribbean Sea, the Galapagos Archipelago, and other islands which may properly be included on account of their faunal affinities. Vol. 13. Chicago.
  4. Jobling, James A. (2010). Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 56, 379. ISBN   978-1-4081-3326-2.
  5. 1 2 "Tanagers and allies – IOC World Bird List" . Retrieved 2021-09-07.
  6. "Tangara arthus (Golden Tanager) - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Cameron, Jennifer Lauren; Burns, Kevin J. (2020-03-04), Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.), "Golden Tanager (Tangara arthus)", Birds of the World, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, doi:10.2173/bow.goltan1.01 , retrieved 2021-10-22
  8. Burns, Kevin J; Naoki, Kazuya (2004). "Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of Neotropical tanagers in the genus Tangara". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 32 (3): 838–854. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.02.013.
  9. "Golden Tanager (Tangara aurulenta)". BirdLife. Retrieved 2021-10-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. 1 2 BirdLife International (2017). "Tangara arthus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T103849276A119485491. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T103849276A119485491.en . Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  11. 1 2 BirdLife International (2017). "Tangara aurulenta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T103849300A119486025. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T103849300A119486025.en . Retrieved 14 November 2021.

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