Gondi languages

Last updated
Gondi languages
Ethnicity Gonds
Geographic
distribution
Throughout Central India, mostly Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, odisa
Linguistic classification Dravidian
  • South-Central
    • Gondi–Kui
      • Gondi languages
Subdivisions
Glottolog gond1265

The Gondi languages are a subgroup of the indigenous family that includes Gondi and related languages. Gondi proper is the most widely spoken language, with over 10 million speakers. [1] Other languages in this subgroup include Muria, Madiya, and Koya. It is undetermined whether Pardhan is a separate language or a dialect of Gondi, although current fieldwork suggests it is a dialect. [2] Khirwar is a poorly-attested language spoken by people in the general Gond area, and so is assumed to be related to Gondi.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Languages of Asia</span>

Asia, comprising different language families and some unrelated isolates. The major language families include Austroasiatic, Austronesian, Caucasian, Dravidian, Indo-European, Afroasiatic, Turkic, Sino-Tibetan and Kra–Dai. Most, but not all, have a long history as a written language.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zhuang languages</span> Various Tai languages used by the Zhuang people of southern China

The Zhuang languages are any of more than a dozen Tai languages spoken by the Zhuang people of Southern China in the province of Guangxi and adjacent parts of Yunnan and Guangdong. The Zhuang languages do not form a monophyletic linguistic unit, as northern and southern Zhuang languages are more closely related to other Tai languages than to each other. Northern Zhuang languages form a dialect continuum with Northern Tai varieties across the provincial border in Guizhou, which are designated as Bouyei, whereas Southern Zhuang languages form another dialect continuum with Central Tai varieties such as Nung, Tay and Caolan in Vietnam. Standard Zhuang is based on the Northern Zhuang dialect of Wuming.

Avar, also known as Avaric, is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Avar–Andic subgroup that is spoken by Avars, primarily in Dagestan. In 2010, there were approximately 1 million speakers in Dagestan and elsewhere in Russia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gondi people</span> Ethnolinguistic group in India

The Gondi (Gōṇḍī) or Gond people, who refer to themselves as "Koitur", are an ethnolinguistic group in India. Their native language, Gondi, belongs to the Dravidian family. They are spread over the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, and Odisha. They are listed as a Scheduled Tribe for the purpose of India's system of reservation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adyghe language</span> Northwest Caucasian language natively spoken by Circassians

Adyghe is a Northwest Caucasian language spoken by the western subgroups of Circassians. It is spoken mainly in Russia, as well as in Turkey, Jordan, Syria and Israel, where Circassians settled after the Circassian genocide. It is closely related to the Kabardian language, though some reject the distinction between the two languages in favor of both being dialects of a unitary Circassian language.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jin Chinese</span> Branch of Chinese spoken in parts of northern China

Jin is a proposed group of varieties of Chinese spoken by roughly 63 million people in northern China, including most of Shanxi province, much of central Inner Mongolia, and adjoining areas in Hebei, Henan, and Shaanxi provinces. The status of Jin is disputed among linguists; some prefer to include it within Mandarin, but others set it apart as a closely related, but separate sister-group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Poitevin-Saintongeais</span> Oïl language of France

Poitevin-Saintongeais is a langue d'oïl language spoken in the regions of the Pays de la Loire and Nouvelle-Aquitaine, officially recognised by the French Ministry of Culture as a language with two dialects, Poitevin and Saintongeais. This classification is a subgroup of the Romance, and the Gallo-Romance languages.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mahakoshal</span> Historical region of Central India in Madhya Pradesh

Mahakoshal or Mahakaushal is a region of central India. Mahakoshal lies in the upper or eastern reaches of the Narmada River valley in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Jabalpur is the largest city in the region. Nimar region lies to the west, in the lower reaches of the Narmada valley.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gondi language</span> Dravidian language spoken in India

Gondi (Gōṇḍī), natively known as Koitur, is a South-Central Dravidian language, spoken by about three million Gondi people, chiefly in the Indian states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and by small minorities in neighbouring states. Although it is the language of the Gond people, it is highly endangered, with only one fifth of Gonds speaking the language. Gondi has a rich folk literature, examples of which are wedding songs and narrations. Gondi people are ethnically related to the Telugus.

Nunggubuyu or Wubuy is an Australian Aboriginal language, the traditional language of the Nunggubuyu people. It is the primary traditional language spoken in the community of Numbulwar in the Northern Territory, although Numbulwar is traditionally associated with the Warndarrang language. The language is classified as severely endangered by UNESCO, with only 283 speakers according to the 2021 census. Most children in Numbulwar can understand Nunggubuyu when spoken to, but cannot speak it themselves, having to reply in Kriol. To counter this, starting in 1990, the community has been embarking on a revitalisation programme for the language by bringing in elders to teach it to children at the local school.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Korku language</span> Mundu language spoken in Central India

Korku is an Austroasiatic language spoken by the Korku tribe of central India, in the states of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. It is isolated in the midst of the Gondi people, who are Dravidian, while its closest relatives are in eastern India. It is the westernmost Austroasiatic language.

Koya is a South-Central Dravidian language of the Gondi–Kui group spoken in central and southern India. It is the native language of the Koya people. It is sometimes described as a dialect of Gondi, but it is mutually unintelligible with Gondi dialects.

Pardhan is a dialect of Gondi spoken by the Pardhan people, a community who are the traditional bards of the Gonds. Its speakers are found in areas where the Gonds live: southeastern Madhya Pradesh, far-eastern Maharashtra and northern Telangana. Approximately 140,000 people speak this dialect.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Languages of South Asia</span> Overview of South Asian languages

South Asia is home to several hundred languages, spanning the countries of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. It is home to the third most spoken language in the world, Hindi–Urdu; and the sixth most spoken language, Bengali. The languages in the region mostly comprise Indo-Iranic and Dravidian languages, and further members of other language families like Austroasiatic, Turkic, and Tibeto-Burman languages.

Asuri is an Austroasiatic language spoken by the Asur people, part of the Munda branch. Asuri has many Dravidian loanwords due to contact with Kurukh.

The Bima language, or Bimanese, is an Austronesian language spoken on the eastern half of Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, which it shares with speakers of the Sumbawa language. Bima territory includes the Sanggar Peninsula, where the extinct Papuan language Tambora was once spoken. Bima is an exonym; the autochthonous name for the territory is Mbojo and the language is referred to as Nggahi Mbojo. There are over half a million Bima speakers. Neither the Bima nor the Sumbawa people have alphabets of their own for they use the alphabets of the Bugis and the Malay language indifferently.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kivalliq dialect</span> Dialect of Eastern Canadian Inuktitut

Kivalliq, also known as Kivallirmiutut, Caribou Eskimo, or formerly as Keewatin, is a dialect of Eastern Canadian Inuktitut which is spoken along the northwestern shores of Hudson Bay in Nunavut.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gunjala Gondi script</span> Abugida

The Gunjala Gondi lipi or Gunjala Gondi script is a script used to write the Gondi language, a Dravidian language spoken by the Gond people of northern Telangana, eastern Maharashtra, southeastern Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh. Approximately a dozen manuscripts in the script were recovered from Gunjala, a Gond village in Adilabad district of Telangana, by a team of researchers from the University of Hyderabad, led by Professor Jayadheer Tirumala Rao. The script and preliminary font were unveiled in early 2014.

The Southern Ryukyuan languages form one of two branches of the Ryukyuan languages. They are spoken on the Sakishima Islands in Okinawa Prefecture. The three languages are Miyako and Yaeyama and Yonaguni. The Macro-Yaeyama languages have been identified as "critically endangered" by UNESCO and Miyako as "definitely endangered".

Soyot-Tsaatan is an extinct and revitalizing Turkic language of the Siberian Sayan branch similar to the Dukhan language and closely related to the Tofa language. Two dialects/languages are spoken in Russia and Mongolia: Soyot in the Okinsky District of the Republic of Buryatia (Russia) and Tsaatan in the Darkhad valley of Mongolia.

References

  1. "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger". www.unesco.org. Retrieved 2017-12-22.
  2. Thangmulian, Valte; Mathai, Elrose K.; George, Symon (August 2008). "A Sociolinguistic Survey Among the Pardhan Community of Central India". CiteSeerX   10.1.1.559.17 .