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The Paniya, also known as Paniyar and Paniyan, are an ethnic group of India. They constitute the single largest Scheduled Tribe in Kerala and are mainly found in the Wayanad District and the neighbouring areas of Karnataka. They primarily inhabit villages around edge of forestland in Kerala's Wayanad, Kozhikode, Kannur and Malappuram districts. The Paniya speak the Paniya language, which belongs to the Dravidian family, closely related to Malayalam. The center of the bonding contracts was the famous temple of the regional mother goddess of the Valliyoorkkavu shrine near Mananthavady.
The Ravula are a tribal community or indigenous community in Karnataka and Kerala. Their common language is known as the Ravula language. They live predominantly the Kodagu district of Karnataka along with its adjacent regions in the districts of Kannur and Wayanad in Kerala. Most of them are agricultural workers and are in the process of detribalization. It is believed that they were agricultural serfs in the past. During the annual festival at the Valliyurkkavu temple in Mananthavady, Wayand, the Adyar people gather to trade services with landlords.
Kozhichal is a small hillside town in the north eastern region of the district of Kannur in the Kerala state. Kozhichal shares its boundaries with Kodagu district of Karnataka state towards the east, rest of the Kannur district towards west and south and the district of Kasaragod towards north.
Wayanad district, which is home to Edakkal Caves, has human settlement from prehistoric era. Wayanad is the sole Plateau in Kerala. The tribal dialects of Wayanad like the Ravula language and the Paniya language are closely related to Malayalam.
Jenu Kurumba, also known as Jen Kurumba, is a Southern Dravidian language of the Tamil–Kannada subgroup spoken by the Jennu Kurumba/Kattunayakan tribe. It is often considered to constitute a dialect of Kannada; however, Ethnologue classifies it as a separate language. Jenu Kurumba speakers are situated on the Nilgiri Hills cross-border area between Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, Mysore and Kodagu districts of Karnataka, and Wayanad district of Kerala. The speakers of the language call it "nama basha".
References
- ↑ "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 2018-07-07.
- ↑ "Tribes in Malabar : A Socio-Economic Profile" (PDF). ShodhGanga.
- ↑ "Ravula Language". Ethnologue - Languages of the world.
- ↑ Marti, Felix (2005). Words and Worlds: World Languages Review. Multilingual Matters. p. 238. ISBN 9781853598272.
- ↑ Sinha, Anil Kishore (2008). Bio-social Issues in Health. Northern Book Centre. p. 506. ISBN 9788172112257.
- ↑ Mallikarjun, B. (1993). A descriptive analysis of Yerava. Central Institute of Indian Languages. OCLC 901560296.
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