Grammatonotus

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Grammatonotus
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Grammatonotus surugaensis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Acanthuriformes
Family: Callanthiidae
Genus: Grammatonotus
C. H. Gilbert, 1905
Type species
Grammatonotus laysanus
C. H. Gilbert, 1905 [1]
Synonyms [1]

Grammatonotus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Callanthiidae, which includes the splendid perches and groppos. These fishes are found in the Indian and Pacific Ocean. All of the species in the genus are known in English as groppos.

Contents

Taxonomy

Grammatonotus was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1905 by the American ichthyologist Charles Henry Gilbert when he described the new species Grammatonotus laysanus, [1] its type locality given as near Laysan Island in the Leeward Hawaiian Islands, [2] which he also designated as the type species of the new genus. [1] He also placed the genus in the family Serranidae while other workers classified it in the Grammatidae. In 1981 Pierre Fourmanoir erected the family Callanthiidae for this genus and Callanthias . [3] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies Grammatonotus as one of two genera in the family Callanthiidae, which it places in the order Spariformes. [4]

Etymology

Grammatonotus is a combination of grammatos, which means "line", and notus, meaning "back", an allusion to the lateral line which runs along the base of the dorsal fin. [5]

Species

There are currently 11 recognized species in this genus: [6]

There are a number of potentially undescribed species that have been recorded from the Montebello Islands in Western Australia, [9] the Coral Sea, [10] and elsewhere in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. [3]

Characteristics

Grammatonotus groppos are ovoid to elongated in shape, with short, rounded snouts. The anterior nostril is tubular. They have large teeth with one to two canine teeth on each side. The scales are large. [11] The tail is nearly truncate, forked or diamond-shaped with the central rays extending beyond the membrane or having a ragged appearance as many rays extend beyond the membrane. The caudal fin lobes may also be extended. The species in the genus Grammatonotus differ from those in the genus Callanthias in having a single spine on the operculum compared to two. They typically have 9 soft rays, infrequently 8 or 10, in the dorsal fin compared to a typical count of 10 or 11, infrequently 9 or 12, in Callanthias. Grammatonotus species typically have 9, rarely 10 or 11, soft rays in the anal fin while Callanthias species normally have 10 or 11, sometimes 9 or 12. This genus has 13 branched rays in the caudal fin, whereas there are 15 such rays in Callanthias. The number of tubed scales in the lateral line is also different with between 14 and 23 in this genus and between 21 and 47 in Callanthias. [3] These are rather small fishes with the largest species being G. laysanus which has a maximum published standard length of 12.8 cm (5.0 in). [6]

Distribution

Grammatonotus groppos are found in the Indo-Pacific and are absent from the Atlantic Ocean, they are mainly found offshore from islands rather than continental coasts. [3]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Splendid sea perch</span> Species of fish

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<i>Callanthias</i> Genus of fishes

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Randall's snapper</span> Species of fish

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<i>Grammatonotus brianne</i> Species of fish

Grammatonotus brianne, the Batangas groppo, is a deep water fish of the family Callanthiidae. This species is known only from the waters off Luzon in the Philippines.

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Callanthias legars, the goldie or African splendid perch, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Callanthiidae. This species is found in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean off southern Africa.

<i>Callanthias australis</i> Species of fish

Callanthias australis, the magnificent sea perch, splendid perch, glorious groppo or Northern splendid perch, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Callanthiidae. This species is found in the southeastern Indian Ocean and the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

<i>Callanthias japonicus</i> Species of fish

Callanthias japonicus, the Japanese splendid perch or yellowsail sea bass, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Callanthiidae. This species is found in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

Callanthias parini, the Nazca splendid perch or Parin's groppo, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Callanthiidae, the splendid perches and groppos. This species is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean.

Callanthias latei, the Juan Fernandez splendid perch or San Félix groppo, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Callanthiidae, the splendid perches and groppos. This species is found in the southeastern Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parrot seaperch</span> Species of fish

The parrot seaperch, also known as the bird of paradise fish or Eastern Atlantic groppo, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Callanthiidae, the splendid perches and groppos. This fish is found in the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean.

<i>Grammatonotus laysanus</i> Species of fish

Grammatonotus laysanus, the purple groppo, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Callanthiidae, the groppos and splendid perches. This fish is found in the Pacific Ocean.

Grammatonotus pelipel, also known as barred groppo, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Callanthiidae, endemic to deep reefs of Pohnpei Island, Micronesia. The etymology of its scientific name pelipel comes from the Pohnpeian language which means tattoo or tattooed, due to the small faded stripes that juveniles have.

Grammatonotus bianchi is species of ray-finned fish in the genus of Grammatonotus. It was discovered by Lisher, Thein & Psomadakis in 2021 from the coastal waters of Myanmar.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Callanthiidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  2. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Grammatonotus". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 4 William D. Anderson Jr.; G. David Johnson; Ai Nonaka (2018). "Review of the Groppos, Grammatonotus (Percoidei: Callanthiidae)" (PDF). aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology. 24 (2): 47–80.
  4. ↑ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN   2015037522. OCLC   951899884. OL   25909650M.
  5. ↑ "Series EUPERCARIA (Incertae sedis): Families CALLANTHIIDAE, CENTROGENYIDAE, DINOPERCIDAE, EMMELICHTHYIDAE, MALACANTHIDAE, MONODACTYLIDAE, MORONIDAE, PARASCORPIDIDAE, SCIAENIDAE and SILLAGINIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. 9 March 2023. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  6. 1 2 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Grammatonotus". FishBase . June 2023 version.
  7. ↑ Lisher, Mark W.; Thein, Htun; Psomadakis, Peter N. (2021-07-06). "Grammatonotus bianchi, a new species of splendid perch (Percoidei: Callanthiidae) from Myanmar, northeastern Indian Ocean". Zootaxa. 4996 (3): 513–524. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.5. ISSN   1175-5334.
  8. 1 2 3 Anderson, W.D.Jr., Greene, B.D. & Rocha, L.A. (2016): Grammatonotus brianne, a new callanthiid fish from Philippine waters, with short accounts of two other Grammatonotus from the Coral Triangle. Zootaxa, 4173 (3): 289–295.
  9. ↑ Bray, D.J. (2018). "Grammatonotus sp. 1". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  10. ↑ Bray, D.J. (2018). "Grammatonotus sp. 2". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  11. ↑ Masao Katayama; Eiich Yamamoto; Takesji Yamakawa (1982). "A review of the serraniid fish genus Grammatonotus, with description of a new species" (PDF). Japanese Journal of Ichthyology. 28 (4): 368–74. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-10-18.
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