Callanthias

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Callanthias
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Callanthias japonicus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Acanthuriformes
Family: Callanthiidae
Genus: Callanthias
R. T. Lowe, 1839
Type species
Callanthias paradisaeus
Lowe, 1839
Synonyms [1]

Callanthias is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Callanthiidae. These fishes are primarily found in subtropical parts of the Pacific Ocean, with one species marginally in the Indian Ocean and two species in the eastern Atlantic Ocean.

Contents

Taxonomy

Callanthias was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1839 by the English zoologist Richard Thomas Lowe when he described Callanthias paradiseus. [1] Lowe’s Callanthias paradiseus is now known to be a synonym of Lepimphis ruber, described by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque in 1810 from Palermo on Sicily. [2] The relationships of Callianthias have been subject of some uncertainty in the past and they were previously regarded as a very aberrant genus of the Serranidae, while other authors placed it in the Grammatidae. [3] Callanthias is one of two genera in the family Callanthiidae, the other is Grammatonotus , which the 5th edition of Fishes of the World places in the order Spariformes. [4]

Etymology

Callianthias is a combination of callos, meaning "beautiful", and Anthias the genus in the family Serranidae. Lowe named the genus this because he described its type species, Callanthias paradisaeus, as "a most elegant little fish" and "almost as rare as beautiful" and noted the resemblance on form and dentition to Anthias. [5]

Species

Despite being in separate families, some Callanthias have been included in the genus Anthias in the past. There are currently 8 recognized species in this genus: [3]

Characteristics

Callanthias splendid perches are characterised by having relatively elongated bodies with a short, blunt head which has a large eye located close to the end of the head. They have oblique mouths that extend to underneath the middle of the eye and there is a single outer row of conical teeth in each jaw with an inner row of smaller conical or villiform teeth. There are aloso a few forward pointing canine-like teeth. They may or may not have very small teeth in the palatine The operculum has two short spines on its upper part but the preoperculum has no spines or serrations. The scales are large and ctenoid. The dorsal and anal fins are not incised and the soft rays are longer than the spines. The caudal fin is forked and the males have long filaments extending from both lobes. They appear to be protogynous and when they change from female to male this is associated with changes in size, morphology and colouration. [6] The largest species is the magnificent splendid perch (C. australis) with a maximum published standard length of 49 cm (19 in) but most species have maximum lengths between 17.9 and 30 cm (7.0 and 11.8 in). [7] These are brightly coloured fishes with the colours red, orange, yellow and purple being typical. [3]

Distribution and habitat

Callanthias splendid perches are found in temperate and subtropical seas with most species occurring in the Pacific Ocean. One species, the Southern splendid perch (C. allporti) extends into the southeastern Indian Ocean while there are two Atlantic species. Of these the goldie (C. legras) is found in the southeastern Atlantic off Southern Africa and the parrot seaperch (C. ruber) is found in the northeastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. [7] They occur on deep reefs, rockwalls, pinnacle and seamounts. [6]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Callanthiidae</span> Family of ray-finned fishes

Callanthiidae, the splendid perches and groppos is a small family of marine ray-finned fishes in the order Spariformes. These fishes are mainly found in the Indo-Pacific but two species are found in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Splendid sea perch</span> Species of fish

The splendid sea perch, also called the rosy perch, Allport's groppo, Allport's perch, Southern goldie or Southern splendid perch is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Callanthiidae. This fish is found off southern Australia and New Zealand.

<i>Helicolenus</i> Genus of fishes

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<i>Mycteroperca</i> Genus of fishes

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<i>Hoplolatilus starcki</i> Species of fish

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<i>Ectreposebastes</i> Genus of fishes

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<i>Grammatonotus</i> Genus of fishes

Grammatonotus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Callanthiidae, which includes the splendid perches and groppos. These fishes are found in the Indian and Pacific Ocean. All of the species in the genus are known in English as groppos.

<i>Emmelichthys</i> Genus of fishes

Emmelichthys is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Emmelichthyidae, the rovers and bonnetmouths. The species in this genus are found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Branchiostegus</i> Genus of fishes

Branchiostegus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes, tilefishes, belonging to the family Malacanthidae. They are found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean through the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific Ocean. Here they create burrows in soft substrates in the comparatively deep waters of the continental shelf and slope.

<i>Sciaena</i> Genus of fishes

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<i>Bairdiella</i> Genus of fishes

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<i>Lutjanus erythropterus</i> Species of fish

Lutjanus erythropterus, the crimson snapper, crimson seaperch, high-brow sea-perch, Longman's sea perch, red bream, saddle-tailed perch, small-mouth nannygai or smallmouth sea perch is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a snapper belonging to the family Lutjanidae. It is found in the Pacific and Indian Oceans.

<i>Lutjanus johnii</i> Species of fish

Lutjanus johnii, the Golden snapper, John’s snapper,big-scaled bream, fingermark bream, fingerbanger, fingermark seaperch, John's sea-perch, or spotted-scale sea perch, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a snapper belonging to the family Lutjanidae. It is native to the western Pacific and Indian Oceans.

<i>Anthias anthias</i> Species of ray-finned fish

Anthias anthias, the swallowtail sea perch or marine goldfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish from the family Anthiadidae. It is native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea where it is associated with reefs. It is found in the aquarium trade.

Callanthias legars, the goldie or African splendid perch, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Callanthiidae. This species is found in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean off southern Africa.

<i>Callanthias australis</i> Species of fish

Callanthias australis, the magnificent sea perch, splendid perch, glorious groppo or Northern splendid perch, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Callanthiidae. This species is found in the southeastern Indian Ocean and the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parrot seaperch</span> Species of fish

The parrot seaperch, also known as the bird of paradise fish or Eastern Atlantic groppo, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Callanthiidae, the splendid perches and groppos. This fish is found in the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean.

References

  1. 1 2 Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Callanthiidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  2. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Callanthias". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 Anderson, W.D.Jr.; Johnson, G.D.; Baldwin, C.C. (2015). "Review of the Splendid Perches, Callanthias (Percoidei: Callanthiidae)". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 105 (3): 1–126 – via ResearchGate.
  4. ↑ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN   2015037522. OCLC   951899884. OL   25909650M.
  5. ↑ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (9 May 2024). "Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 3): Families CALLANTHIIDAE, DINOPERCIDAE, EMMELICHTHYIDAE, MALACANTHIDAE, MONODACTYLIDAE, MORONIDAE, SILLAGINIDAE, PRIACANTHIDAE and CEPOLIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. v. 3.0. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  6. 1 2 Martin F. Gomon and Dianne J. Bray. "Callanthias". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  7. 1 2 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Callanthias". FishBase . December 2024 version.
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