Callanthias | |
---|---|
Callanthias japonicus | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Actinopterygii |
Order: | Spariformes |
Family: | Callanthiidae |
Genus: | Callanthias R. T. Lowe, 1839 |
Type species | |
Callanthias paradisaeus Lowe, 1839 | |
Synonyms [1] | |
Callanthias is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Callanthiidae. These fishes are primarily found in subtropical parts of the Pacific Ocean, with one species marginally in the Indian Ocean and two species in the eastern Atlantic Ocean.
Callanthias was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1839 by the English zoologist Richard Thomas Lowe when he described Callanthias paradiseus. [1] Lowe’s Callanthias paradiseus is now known to be a synonym of Lepimphis ruber, described by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque in 1810 from Palermo on Sicily. [2] The relationships of Callianthias have been subject of some uncertainty in the past and they were previously regarded as a very aberrant genus of the Serranidae, while other authors placed it in the Grammatidae. [3] Callanthias is one of two genera in the family Callanthiidae, the other is Grammatonotus , which the 5th edition of Fishes of the World places in the order Spariformes. [4]
Callianthias is a combination of callos, meaning "beautiful", and Anthias the genus in the family Serranidae. Lowe named the genus this because he described its type species, Callanthias paradisaeus, as "a most elegant little fish" and "almost as rare as beautiful" and noted the resemblance on form and dentition to Anthias. [5]
Despite being in separate families, some Callanthias have been included in the genus Anthias in the past. There are currently 7 recognized species in this genus: [3]
Callanthias splendid perches are characterised by having relatively elongated bodies with a short, blunt head which has a large eye located close to the end of the head. They have oblique mouths that extend to underneath the middle of the eye and there is a single outerrow of conical teeth in each jaw with an inner row of smaller conical or villiform teeth. There are aloso a few forward pointing canine-like teeth. They may or may not have very small teeth in the palatine The operculum has two short spines on its upper part but the preoperculum has no spines or serrations. The scales are large and ctenoid. The dorsal and anal fins are not incised and the soft rays are longer than the spines. The caudal fin is forked and the males have long filaments extending from both lobes. They appear to be protogynous and when they change from female to male this is associated with changes in size, morphology and colouration. [6] The largest species is the magnificent splendid perch (C. australis) with a maximum published standard length of 49 cm (19 in) but most species have maximum lengths between 17.9 and 30 cm (7.0 and 11.8 in). [7] These are brightly coloured fishes with the colours red, orange, yellow and purple being typical. [3]
Callanthias splendid perches are found in temperate and subtropical seas with most species occurring in the Pacific Ocean. One species, the Southern splendid perch (C. allporti) extends into the southeastern Indian Ocean while there are two Atlantic species. Of these the goldie (C. legras) is found in the southeastern Atlantic off Southern Africa and the parrot seaperch (C. ruber) is found in the northeastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. [7] They occur on deep reefs, rockwalls, pinnacle and seamounts. [6]
The Moronidae is a family of percomorph fishes, commonly called the temperate basses, in the order Moroniformes. These fishes are found in the freshwaters of North America and the coastal waters of the North Atlantic.
Callanthiidae, the splendid perches and groppos is a small family of marine ray-finned fishes in the order Spariformes. These fishes are mainly found in the Indo-Pacific but two species are found in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean.
The louvar or luvar is a species of marine ray-finned fish, it is the only extant species in the genus Luvarus and family Luvaridae. This taxon is classified within the suborder Acanthuroidei, which includes the surgeonfish, of the order Acanthuriformes. The juvenile form has a pair of spines near the base of the tail, like the surgeonfish, though they are lost in the adult.
The splendid sea perch, also called the rosy perch, Allport’s groppo, Allport's perch, Southern goldie or Southern splendid perch is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Callanthiidae. This fish is found off southern Australia and New Zealand.
Dermatolepis is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, groupers from the subfamily Epinephelinae, part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. They are found in the western Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans.
Mycteroperca is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, groupers from the subfamily Epinephelinae, part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. They are predatory fish, largely associated with reefs and are found in tropical and subtropical seas in the Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Pacific Ocean. They are important target species for fisheries.
Variola, the lyretails, is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, groupers from the subfamily Epinephelinae, part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. They are found in the tropical Indo-Pacific and their distribution extends from the Red Sea to South Africa across the Indian Ocean and east to the islands of the central Pacific.
Pseudanthias rubrizonatus, the red-belted anthias, liliac-tip basslet, deepsea fairy basslet, lilac-tipped seaperch, redband anthias, red-band basslet or redbar anthias is a species of marine ray-finned fish, an anthias from the subfamily Anthiinae part of the family Serranidae, the groupers and sea basses. It is found in the Indo-Pacific. It occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade. It grows to a size of 12 cm in length.
The hawkfish anthias, also known as the swallowtail basslet, coral perch, hawk anthias, fathead anthias, or sunburst anthias, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, an anthias from the subfamily Anthiinae part of the family Serranidae, the groupers and sea basses. It is the only member of the genus Serranocirrhitus. It is found in the Western Pacific Ocean. It is sometimes found in the aquarium trade.
Grammatonotus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Callanthiidae, which includes the splendid perches and groppos. These fishes are found in the Indian and Pacific Ocean. All of the species in the genus are known in English as groppos.
Paranthias is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, groupers from the subfamily Epinephelinae, part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. They are found in the Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Pacific Ocean.
The masked grouper, also known as the thinspine grouper, rededged cod, red-edged grouper, slenderspine grouper, thinspine rockcod, white-margined grouper, white-square cod or white-square grouper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean. It is the only species in the genus Gracila.
Anthias anthias, the swallowtail sea perch or marine goldfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish from the grouper and sea bass family Serranidae. It is native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea where it is associated with reefs. It is found in the aquarium trade.
The Spanish flag is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean. It is the only species in the genus Gonioplectrus.
Diplectrum, commonly known as sand perches, is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes which is a member of the subfamily Serraninae of the family Serranidae, which includes the groupers and anthias. There are 12 species distributed in the western Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Pacific Ocean.
Callanthias legars, the goldie or African splendid perch, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Callanthiidae. This species is found in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean off southern Africa.
Callanthias australis, the magnificent sea perch, splendid perch, glorious groppo or Northern splendid perch, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Callanthiidae. This species is found in the southeastern Indian Ocean and the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
Callanthias japonicus, the Japanese splendid perch or yellowsail sea bass, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Callanthiidae. This species is found in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The parrot seaperch, also known as the bird of paradise fish or Eastern Atlantic groppo, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Callanthiidae, the splendid perches and groppos. This fish is found in the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean.
Grammatonotus laysanus, the purple groppo, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Callanthiidae, the groppos and splendid perches. This fish is found in the Pacific Ocean.
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