An envelope is a common packaging item, usually made of thin, flat material. It is designed to contain a flat object, such as a letter or card.
Waxed paper is paper that has been made moisture-proof and grease-proof through the application of wax.
A hardcover, hard cover, or hardback book is one bound with rigid protective covers. It has a flexible, sewn spine which allows the book to lie flat on a surface when opened. Modern hardcovers may have the pages glued onto the spine in much the same way as paperbacks. Following the ISBN sequence numbers, books of this type may be identified by the abbreviation Hbk.
Paperboard is a thick paper-based material. While there is no rigid differentiation between paper and paperboard, paperboard is generally thicker than paper and has certain superior attributes such as foldability and rigidity. According to ISO standards, paperboard is a paper with a grammage above 250 g/m2, but there are exceptions. Paperboard can be single- or multi-ply.
Lamination is the technique/process of manufacturing a material in multiple layers, so that the composite material achieves improved strength, stability, sound insulation, appearance, or other properties from the use of the differing materials, such as plastic. A laminate is a layered object or material assembled using heat, pressure, welding, or adhesives. Various coating machines, machine presses and calendering equipment are used.
A calender is a series of hard pressure rollers used to finish or smooth a sheet of material such as paper, textiles, rubber, or plastics. Calender rolls are also used to form some types of plastic films and to apply coatings. Some calender rolls are heated or cooled as needed. Calenders are sometimes misspelled calendars.
Tracing paper is paper made to have low opacity, allowing light to pass through. Its origins date back to at least the 1300s where it was used by artists of the Italian Renaissance. In the 1880s, tracing paper was produced en masse, used by architects, design engineers, and artists. Tracing paper was key in creating drawings that could be copied precisely using the diazo copy process. It then found many other uses. The original use for drawing and tracing was largely superseded by technologies that do not require diazo copying or manual copying of drawings.
Coated paper is paper that has been coated by a mixture of materials or a polymer to impart certain qualities to the paper, including weight, surface gloss, smoothness, or reduced ink absorbency. Various materials, including kaolinite, calcium carbonate, bentonite, and talc, can be used to coat paper for high-quality printing used in the packaging industry and in magazines.
Various measures of paper quantity have been and are in use. Although there are no S.I. units such as quires or bales, there are ISO and DIN standards for the ream. Expressions used here include U.S. Customary Units.
A windowed envelope is a conventional envelope with a transparent window to allow the recipient's address to be printed on the paper contained within.
Stockbooks are storage books used by stamp collectors for storage of postage stamps placed in pockets, on pages, for easy viewing. Other philatelic items, such as plate blocks, miniature sheets, covers, lettersheets, etc., can be stored in stockbooks.
Glassine is a smooth and glossy paper which is air-, water-, and grease-resistant. It is usually available in densities between 50–90 g/m2 (0.010–0.018 lb/sq ft). It is translucent unless dyes are added to the paper to color it or make it opaque. It is manufactured by supercalendering: after pressing and drying, the paper web is passed through a stack of alternating steel-covered and fiber-covered rolls called a supercalender at the end of the paper machine so that the paper fibers are oriented in the same direction.
Mark Robin Geier is an American former physician and controversial professional witness who testified in more than 90 cases regarding allegations of injury or illness caused by vaccines. Since 2011, Geier's medical license has been suspended or revoked in every state in which he was licensed over concerns about his autism treatments and his misrepresentation of his credentials to the Maryland Board of Health, where he falsely claimed to be a board-certified geneticist and epidemiologist.
Greaker Industrier AS was a Norwegian industrial company, which ran a paper mill in Sarpsborg, Norway.
Waterproof paper uses special coatings and fibers to enhance durability, dimensional stability, tear resistance and resistance to changing shape or texture when exposed to water.
Parchment paper, also known as baking paper, is a cellulose-based paper whose material has been processed so as to obtain additional properties such as non-stickiness, grease resistance, resistance to humidity and heat resistance. It is commonly used in baking and cooking as a disposable non-stick paper. It is greaseproof paper that can be used for several different applications, its surface prevents the food from sticking, and also is highly heat-resistant and can be used in temperatures up to 220°C. It should not be confused with waxed paper, which is paper that has been coated with wax.
Cardboard is a generic term for heavy paper-based products. The construction can range from a thick paper known as paperboard to corrugated fiberboard which is made of multiple plies of material. Natural cardboards can range from grey to light brown in color, depending on the specific product; dyes, pigments, printing, and coatings are available.
Chicken and chips is a combination of foods predominantly consumed in the United Kingdom, The Commonwealth, and United States. It consists of a piece of fried, roasted, or barbecued chicken and chips, or French fries as they are known elsewhere. The consumption of chicken and chips is a popular food choice based on its value for money. In some cities, such as London, on most high streets there are at least one or two chicken and chip shops, amongst kebab, pizza, Chinese, and Indian take-away shops. Other names for chicken and chips include: Chicken fingers, chicken tenders, chicken nuggets, Doner kebab and fries
Metsä Tissue is a Finnish company headquartered in Espoo that manufactures tissue papers and greaseproof papers. Metsä Tissue sells its products under brands Lambi, Serla, Mola, Tento, Katrin and SAGA. In Sweden, they have paper mills in Mariestad, Kvillsfors, and Pauliström. In Finland, Metsä Tissue has one mill located in Mänttä. In Germany Metsä Tissue has three mills located in Raubach, Kreuzau and Düren. Metsä Tissue also has mills in Krapkowice, Poland and Zilina, Slovakia. It has a total of nine paper mills, all in Europe. Metsä Tissue is part of Metsä Group, one of the largest forest industry groups in the world. The company's operations in Russia ended in 2015.
Weighing paper is often used when weighing solid, powdery substances on an analytical balance. By preventing the substance from making contact with unwanted materials, the precision of the measurement may be increased.
