| Quaresimal | |
|---|---|
 Page 14 from the Quaresimal | |
| Created | 1498 |
| Location | National and University Library, Zagreb |
| Author(s) | Simon Greblo |
| Purpose | Glagolitic collection of sermons |
Greblo's quaresimal (Croatian : Greblov kvaresimal) is a 15th-century collection of sermons written in the Glagolitic alphabet by Croatian priest Simon Greblo.
This liturgical book was written in Roč by the local calligrapher and Glagolitic priest Simon Greblo. Greblo is a scribe about whom only scant biographical data survive. He was born and died in Roč. He wrote the Interpretation of the Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ while still a deacon in March 1493 (completed on March 5, 1493). That same year he was ordained; and produced the Spiritual Quadriga (Kvadrigu duhovnu), a translation of a treatise on moral theology by Italian Franciscan Nicholas of Osimo, which Greblo probably both transcribed and translated. The Quaresimal was completed by Greblo five years later, in 1498. [1] [2]
This work is a collection of sermons for Lent (Latin: Quadragesima, 'Fortieth'), [3] [1] and is based on the popular work by Neapolitan 15th-century Franciscan preacher Roberto Caracciolo. According to the glagoljaši,[ who? ] the Kvaresimal was made on the basis of an Italian template based on a sermon by Bernardin of Siena. [2] [4] In a colophon, Greblo says that he finished this work with his son-in-law Mihovil (Kalc) from Boljun. [4] The work thematically follows Greblo's first work, the Interpretation of the Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. Greblo's calligraphy in this work is remarkable. The style is modest, and the book is hardly illuminated. Only the initials have modest decorations in red or black-red. [5] [6] There are empty spaces at the end of the chapters that are filled with vignettes, in the form of "braids and rubrication made in red." [6] The binding was restored in 1959. [6] [1]
The Glagolitic script is the oldest known Slavic alphabet. It is generally agreed that it was created in the 9th century for the purpose of translating liturgical texts into Old Church Slavonic by Saint Cyril, a monk from Thessalonica. He and his brother Saint Methodius were sent by the Byzantine Emperor Michael III in 863 to Great Moravia to spread Christianity there. After the deaths of Cyril and Methodius, their disciples were expelled and they moved to the First Bulgarian Empire instead. The Early Cyrillic alphabet, which developed gradually in the Preslav Literary School by Greek alphabet scribes who incorporated some Glagolitic letters, gradually replaced Glagolitic in that region. Glagolitic remained in use alongside Latin in the Kingdom of Croatia and alongside Cyrillic until the 14th century in the Second Bulgarian Empire and the Serbian Empire, and later mainly for cryptographic purposes.
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Roč is a village in Istria County, north-west Croatia. Administratively it belongs to the town of Buzet. Roč is considered a historic town rather than a village due to its rich cultural heritage.
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Glagolitic numerals are a numeral system derived from the Glagolitic script, generally agreed to have been created in the 9th century by Saint Cyril. They are similar to Cyrillic numerals, except that numeric values are assigned according to the native alphabetic order of the Glagolitic alphabet. Use of Glagolitic script and numerals declined through the Middle Ages and by the 17th century Glagolitic was used almost only in religious writings. It is unclear if the use of Glagolitic numerals persisted as long as the use of Glagolitic script.
Simon Greblo was a Croatian priest, intellectual, Glagolitic writer and scribe. He was one of the most noted connoisseurs of the Glagolitic alphabet at the end of the 15th century. Greblo is generally considered the brightest Croatian copyist of his day. His calligraphy has been especially praised. While not an original author, his knowledge of cultural and literary interests of the day, taste and acumen in making literary choices have been noted.
Žakan Juri, was a Croatian Glagolitic deacon and herald of the first Croatian printed book.
The Interpretation of the Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ is a 15th-century work of narrative prose written in Glagolitic alphabet by the Glacolitic priest Simon Greblo.