Greeneocharis

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Greeneocharis
2016.05.27 14.49.13 IMG 5916 - Flickr - andrey zharkikh.jpg
Cushion catseye (syn. Cryptantha circumscissa var. circumscissa) Greeneocharis circumscissa
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Boraginales
Family: Boraginaceae
Genus: Greeneocharis
Gürke & Harms
Species

See text.

Synonyms
  • PiptocalyxTorr.
  • WheelerellaG.B.Grant

Greeneocharis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. There are two species, and it has a disjunct distribution in the western United States and northwestern Mexico in North America and western Argentina in southern South America. [1] It is part of subtribe of Amsinckiinae. [2] [3]

Contents

It was once thought to be a either a subgenus or synonym of Cryptantha Lehm. ex G. Don, [2] before being segregated out due to molecular phylogenetic analysis.

Description

It is an annual herb, with cushion-like, roots, [4] which can have red-purple tinge. [5] It has branches ascending to erect on a slender stem, generally strigose (having straight hairs all pointing in more or less the same direction). The leaves are sessile, arranged alternate and congested at the branch tips. They are linear, oblanceolate, or narrowly oblong (in shape) and hairy. The inflorescence is spike-like cymes. They have flower bracts. The flower consists of calyx lobes which are fused at base, [4] and the tube is circumscissile in fruit (meaning it splits or opens along a circumference). [5] The white, corolla limb is 1–6 mm (0–0 in) in diameter with appendages present. After it has flowered it produces a fruit (or seed capsule), which has a pedicel 5–27 cm (2–11 in) 0-0.5 mm in fruit. The fruit axis is similar to the nutlet length. It can have between 2-4 nutlets, which are generally similar (or dissimilar), smooth to roughened and without ridges. The margin is rounded and has an attachment scar abutted near apex, forked and gapped at the base. The style is extended to or just below nutlet tips. [4]

Taxonomy

The Latin specific epithet Greeneocharis is derived from California botanist Edward Lee Greene (1843–1915) and charis which means "beauty, delight". [6] [7]

It was first published Nat. Pflanzenfam., Register on page 460 in 1899. [1]

Then in 1924, Ivan M. Johnston wrote that the genus of Oreocarya could be combined with Cryptantha. Edwin Blake Payson in 1927 (A Monograph of the section Oreocarya of Cryptantha, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 14:211-358) agreed with Johnston and he had four sections in Cryptantha: Eucryptantha (= Cryptantha), Geocarya, Krynitzkia (inclusive of Eremocarya, Greeneocharis, and Johnstonella), and Oreocarya. Larry Higgins (1971), another expert on the perennial taxa, published a revised monograph of Oreocarya, and agreed with Johnston and Payson on the inclusion of Oreocarya within Cryptantha, but also elevating the four sections of Johnston (1927) and Payson (1927) to subgenera. [8] Although they were sometimes still called synonyms of Cryptantha. [9]

In 2012, the phylogenetic relationship of members of the genus Cryptantha was carried out, based on dna sequencing analyses, it was then proposed that the resurrection of the following genera; Eremocarya , Greeneocharis, Johnstonella , and also Oreocarya . [5] [10] [3]

Species

2 accepted species; [1] [6]

Distribution

The genus is found in the United States (within the states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington and Wyoming) and also in north western Mexico and southern and northwestern Argentina. [1] [6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boraginaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-notfamily, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees, and herbs in 146 to 154 genera with a worldwide distribution.

<i>Pulmonaria</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Pulmonaria (lungwort) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae, native to Europe and western Asia, with one species east to central Asia. According to various estimates there may be between 10 and 18 species found in the wild.

<i>Cryptantha</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Cryptantha is a genus of flowering plants in the borage family, Boraginaceae. They are known commonly as cat's eyes and popcorn flowers. They are distributed throughout western North America and western South America, but they are absent from the regions in between.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boraginales</span> Order of flowering plants within the lammiid clade of eudicots

Boraginales is an order of flowering plants in the asterid clade, with a total of about 125 genera and 2,700 species. Different taxonomic treatments either include only a single family, the Boraginaceae, or divide it into up to eleven families. Its herbs, shrubs, trees and lianas (vines) have a worldwide distribution.

Hoplestigma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae, although this is disputed, and it has been placed in its own family Hoplestigmataceae. Its two species are native to Cameroon, Gabon, Ivory Coast and Liberia in western tropical Africa.

<i>Oreocarya virginensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Oreocarya virginensis is a species of wildflower in the family Boraginaceae known by the common name Virgin River cryptantha. This is a small plant native to the southwestern United States where it is a common plant in scrub and woodland. It is named for the Virgin River, a tributary of the Colorado River which runs through the region. This cryptantha is an annual or occasionally a perennial up to 40 centimeters in height. It is coated densely in long white hairs and bristles. The inflorescence is cylindrical or club-shaped, packed with tubular flowers with flat-faced corollas. The flower is usually bright white with yellow throat parts at the tube opening. The fruit is a rough, ridged nutlet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boraginoideae</span> Subfamily of plants within the borage family (Boraginaceae)

Boraginoideae is a subfamily of the plant family Boraginaceae s.s, with about 42 genera. That family is defined in a much broader sense in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) system of classification for flowering plants. The APG has not specified any subfamilial structure within Boraginaceae s.l.

<i>Greeneocharis circumscissa</i> Species of flowering plant

Greeneocharis circumscissa is a species of flowering plant in the borage family, known by the common name cushion cryptantha. It is native to western North America from Washington to Baja California to Colorado and it is also found in Argentina. It grows in sandy or gravelly types of habitat, from mountains to desert, below 9,500 m (31,200 ft) above sea level.

<i>Oreocarya roosiorum</i> Species of flowering plant

Oreocarya roosiorum is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae known by the common name bristlecone cryptantha.

<i>Codon</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Codon is a small genus of plants from South Africa in the family Codonaceae in the order Boraginales. The genus Codon comprises two species.

Heliotropiaceae are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants with approximately 450 species worldwide, though it is concentrated especially in the tropics and subtropics.

Oreocarya nubigena, synonym Cryptantha nubigena, is a perennial plant in the borage family (Boraginaceae), native to western North America. It may be called the Sierra cryptantha and Sierra oreocarya.

Selkirkia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. Three species occur on the South American mainland and one, Selkirkia berteroi, the first of the genus to be reported, is an endemic on Robinson Crusoe Island off the coast of Chile. It was previously considered a monotypic genus.

Johnstonella is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae.

<i>Huynhia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Huynhia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae, from Asia.

<i>Oreocarya</i> Genus of flowering plants

Oreocarya is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. There are about 63 species and its native range extends from western and central Canada, through western United States to north Mexico. It is part of subtribe of Amsinckiinae.

<i>Eremocarya</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Eremocarya is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. There are two species and its native range extends through the western United States and Texas to northwestern Mexico. It is part of subtribe of Amsinckiinae.

<i>Myosotis brevis</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis brevis is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to New Zealand. George Simpson and J.S. Thomson described M. pygmaea var. minutiflora in 1942, and Peter de Lange and John Barkla recognized it at species rank in 2010, as M. brevis. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are small and annual, with a prostrate habit, bracteate inflorescences, tiny white corollas, and brown or green leaves.

<i>Oreocarya suffruticosa</i> Species of plant

Oreocarya suffruticosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, native to the west and central United States and to northern Mexico. It was first described by John Torrey in 1827 as Myosotis suffruticosa and transferred to Oreocarya by Edward Lee Greene in 1887. Varieties of Oreocarya suffruticosa have previously been placed within several species of Cryptantha, including Cryptantha cinerea, Cryptantha jamesii and Cryptantha pustulosa.

Amsinkiopsis is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the borage family consisting of the species Amsinckiopsis kingii. A. kingii was previously considered part of the genus Plagiobothrys, until phylogenetic study proved the genus to be polyphyletic.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Greeneocharis Gürke & Harms | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  2. 1 2 "Genus: Greeneocharis Gürke & Harms". npgsweb.ars-grin.gov. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  3. 1 2 Simpson, Michael G.; Guilliams, C. Matt; Hasenstab-Lehman, Kristen E.; Mabry, Makenzie E.; Ripma, Lee (December 2017). "Phylogeny of the popcorn flowers: Use of genome skimming to evaluate monophyly and interrelationships in subtribe Amsinckiinae (Boraginaceae)". Taxon. 66 (6): 1406–1420. doi:10.12705/666.8.
  4. 1 2 3 "Greeneocharis". ucjeps.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 Hasenstab-Lehman, Kristen E.; Simpson, Michael G. (2012). "Cat's Eyes and Popcorn Flowers: Phylogenetic Systematics of the Genus Cryptantha s. l. (Boraginaceae)". Systematic Botany. 37 (3): 738–757. doi:10.1600/036364412X648706.
  6. 1 2 3 "Greeneocharis Gürke & Harms". www.sci.sdsu.edu. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  7. Albert Brown Lyons Plant Names, Scientific and Popular: Including in the Case of Each Plant the Correct Botanical Name in Accordance with the Reformed Nomenclature, Together with Botanical and Popular Synonyms ... (1907) , p. 148, at Google Books
  8. Higgins, Larry Charles (1969-06-01). "A revision of Cryptantha subgenus Or Cryptantha subgenus Oreocarya". Brigham Young University - Provo. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
  9. Stanley D. Jones, Joseph K. Wipff and Paul M. Montgomery Vascular Plants of Texas: A Comprehensive Checklist Including Synonymy ... (1997) , p. 225, at Google Books
  10. SIMPSON, MICHAEL G.; MABRY, MAKENZIE E.; HASENSTAB-LEHMAN, KRISTEN (12 December 2019). "Transfer of four species of Cryptantha to the genus Johnstonella (Boraginaceae)". Phytotaxa. 425 (5). doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.425.5.3.

Other sources