Oreocarya

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Oreocarya
2016.05.28 14.15.25 IMG 6159 - Flickr - andrey zharkikh.jpg
Basin yellow catseye (Oreocarya confertiflora)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Boraginales
Family: Boraginaceae
Genus: Oreocarya
Greene
Species

See text.

Oreocarya (perennial cat's-eye) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. There are about 63 species and its native range extends from western and central Canada, through western United States to north Mexico. [1] It is part of subtribe of Amsinckiinae. [2]

Contents

It was once thought to be a either a subgenus or synonym of Cryptantha Lehm. ex G. Don, [2] [3] as they both had plenty of tiny flowers, hairy leaves, and persisting dried flower stems. [4]

Botanist William Alfred Weber later noted that the 2 genera were different in form as Oreocarya was a "biennial or perennial from rosettes of basal leaves; flowers more than 5 mm in diameter, often distinctly long-tubular with prominent yellow eye", while Cryptantha was an "annual without rosettes of basal leaves; flowers minute, less than 5 mm diameter, short-tubed with inconspicuous eye". [4]

Description

They are perennial or biennial, plants. [5] Most species are perennials but a few (such as O. setosissima and O. virgata) are biennial. Species of Oreocarya have a taproot, with branching and a simple or branching caudex, which has a rosette of leaves at the top. From this the flowering stem rises. The herbaceous stem is various among the species, but generally the stems are foliate or bracteate, with branches bearing several helicoid cymes (as flowers). Most species have linear, spatulate (spoon shaped) or oblanceolate shaped leaves, with entire margins and a (leaf) blade that is gradually narrowed to a long, slender petiole. The flower (or inflorescence) is an open, rounded, leafy bracteate thyrsus or a helicoid shaped cyme. [6]

Taxonomy

The Latin specific epithet Oreocarya is derived from "Oreos" which is Greek for "mountain" and "caryum" is Greek for "nut". [4]

It was first published by Edward Lee Greene in Pittonia vol.1 on page 57 in 1887. [1]

In 1887, several species found in the genus Eritrichium were segregated out by Greene. Genus Allocarya was formed, then the genera Piptocalyx, Eremocarya and Oreocarya were formed. Oreocarya had nine former species from the genus Eritrichium. In 1896, Greene described 8 more species (of Oreocarya) and in 1899 he added 2 more species and then in 1901, he added another 2 species of Oreocarya to the genus. [6] Other botanical authors (including Alice Eastwood and Per Axel Rydberg, added more species to the genus up until 1916. In 1916, Macbride carried out a revision of the genus (which had 45 species by then). Then in 1924, Ivan M. Johnston wrote that the genus of Oreocarya could be combined with Cryptantha. Payson in 1927 (A Monograph of the section Oreocarya of Cryptantha, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 14:211-358) agreed with Johnston and all the species of Oreocarya became Cryptantha species. More species were found up until 1969 and also placed in the Cryptantha genus. [6]

In 2012, the phylogenetic relationship of members of the genus Cryptantha was carried out, based on dna sequencing analyses, it was then proposed that the resurrection of the following genera Eremocarya , Greeneocharis , Johnstonella , and also Oreocarya. [7] Weber and Wittman (2012) then placed all perennial species of Cryptantha back in the genus Oreocarya. [8] Botanist John Kartesz from Missouri Botanical Garden Press agreed with the re-classification, as part of the Biota of North America Program (BONAP) in 2015. [9]

Species

There are 63 accepted species listed by Kew, [1] and the Biota of North America Program. [9]

Distribution

It is found in Canada (within the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia and Saskatchewan) in the United States (within the states of Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, [10] Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington and Wyoming) and also in northern Mexico. [1] Most species are found in the Colorado Plateau and the Great Basin of the U.S. [11]

Ecology

Most species grow in xerophytic habitats at middle elevations. Only a few species can tolerate growing in the shade of overhanging trees or shrubs. Some species grow in sandy deserts (O. jamesii), on alpine slopes (such as O. weberi, O. crymophile and O. thompsonii), O. virginensis, O. rugulosa and O. semiglabra can tolerate clay soils, but no species grows in moist and undrained soils. [6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boraginaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-notfamily, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees, and herbs in 146 to 154 genera with a worldwide distribution.

<i>Lupinus</i> Genus of leguminous plants

Lupinus, commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur in North Africa and the Mediterranean. They are widely cultivated, both as a food source and as ornamental plants, but are invasive to some areas.

<i>Cryptantha</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Cryptantha is a genus of flowering plants in the borage family, Boraginaceae. They are known commonly as cat's eyes and popcorn flowers. They are distributed throughout western North America and western South America, but they are absent from the regions in between.

<i>Lithospermum</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Lithospermum is a genus of plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae. The genus is distributed nearly worldwide, but most are native to the Americas and the center of diversity is in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Species are known generally as gromwells or stoneseeds.

<i>Hackelia</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Hackelia (stickseeds) is a genus of plants in the borage family, Boraginaceae. It includes 54 species found in North America, western South America, temperate Eurasia, and Australia. 12 species are native to California.

<i>Plagiobothrys</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Plagiobothrys is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North America and South America, five species are known from Australia. Of the approximately 65 species described, more than 15 are endemic to California.

<i>Johnstonella angustifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Johnstonella angustifolia is a species of wildflower in the borage family known by several common names, including Panamint catseye and bristlelobe cryptantha. This plant is native to northern Mexico and the southwestern United States from California to Texas, where it grows in desert scrub and woodland.

<i>Oreocarya virginensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Oreocarya virginensis is a species of wildflower in the family Boraginaceae known by the common name Virgin River cryptantha. This is a small plant native to the southwestern United States where it is a common plant in scrub and woodland. It is named for the Virgin River, a tributary of the Colorado River which runs through the region. This cryptantha is an annual or occasionally a perennial up to 40 centimeters in height. It is coated densely in long white hairs and bristles. The inflorescence is cylindrical or club-shaped, packed with tubular flowers with flat-faced corollas. The flower is usually bright white with yellow throat parts at the tube opening. The fruit is a rough, ridged nutlet.

<i>Greeneocharis circumscissa</i> Species of flowering plant

Greeneocharis circumscissa is a species of flowering plant in the borage family, known by the common name cushion cryptantha. It is native to western North America from Washington to Baja California to Colorado and it is also found in Argentina. It grows in sandy or gravelly types of habitat, from mountains to desert, below 9,500 m (31,200 ft) above sea level.

<i>Oreocarya flavoculata</i> Species of flowering plant

Oreocarya flavoculata is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae known by the common name roughseed cryptantha. It is native to the western United States from California to Montana, where it is common in many types of habitat. It is a perennial herb growing an unbranching stem up to about 35 centimeters tall from a woody caudex. It is coated in soft bristly hairs. The densely hairy to bristly leaves vary in shape and may reach 11 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a cylindrical cluster or rounded head of flowers which elongates as the fruits develop from the bottom up. Each tubular flower is about a centimeter long topped with a five-lobed white corolla with yellow appendages at the center.

<i>Oreocarya roosiorum</i> Species of flowering plant

Oreocarya roosiorum is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae known by the common name bristlecone cryptantha.

Oreocarya crassipes is a rare species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name Terlingua Creek cat's-eye. It is endemic to Brewster County, Texas, where it is known from only ten populations totaling about 5000 plants. All of the occurrences are within a ten-kilometer radius. This is a federally listed endangered species.

<i>Oreocarya subcapitata</i> Species of flowering plant

Oreocarya subcapitata is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae known by the common names Owl Creek miner's candle, Wallowa cat's eye, and Wallowa cryptantha. It is endemic to Wyoming in the United States, where it is limited to the Owl Creek and Bridger Mountains in Fremont County. There are three populations, with a total of about 38,000 individuals.

Oreocarya nubigena, synonym Cryptantha nubigena, is a perennial plant in the borage family (Boraginaceae), native to western North America. It may be called the Sierra cryptantha and Sierra oreocarya.

Antiphytum, commonly known as saucerflower, is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae.

Johnstonella is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae.

<i>Eremocarya</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Eremocarya is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. There are two species and its native range extends through the western United States and Texas to northwestern Mexico. It is part of subtribe of Amsinckiinae.

<i>Greeneocharis</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Greeneocharis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. There are two species, and it has a disjunct distribution in the western United States and northwestern Mexico in North America and western Argentina in southern South America. It is part of subtribe of Amsinckiinae.

<i>Oreocarya suffruticosa</i> Species of plant

Oreocarya suffruticosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, native to the west and central United States and to northern Mexico. It was first described by John Torrey in 1827 as Myosotis suffruticosa and transferred to Oreocarya by Edward Lee Greene in 1887. Varieties of Oreocarya suffruticosa have previously been placed within several species of Cryptantha, including Cryptantha cinerea, Cryptantha jamesii and Cryptantha pustulosa.

<i>Oreocarya virgata</i> Species of plant

Oreocarya virgata, the miner's candle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, native to the U.S. states of Wyoming and Colorado. It is a biennial herb reaching 0.9 m (3 ft), with white flowers.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Oreocarya Greene | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  2. 1 2 "Genus: Oreocarya Greene". npgsweb.ars-grin.gov. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  3. Hong Qian and K. Klinka Plants of British Columbia: Scientific and Common Names of Vascular Plants ... (1998) , p. 31, at Google Books
  4. 1 2 3 "Cryptanthas and Oreocaryas" . Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  5. Edwin B. Payson Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden (1927) , p. 236, at Google Books
  6. 1 2 3 4 Higgins, Larry Charles (1969-06-01). "A revision of Cryptantha subgenus Oreocarya". Brigham Young University - Provo. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
  7. Hasenstab-Lehman, Kristen E.; Simpson, Michael G. (2012). "Cat's Eyes and Popcorn Flowers: Phylogenetic Systematics of the Genus Cryptantha s. l. (Boraginaceae)". Systematic Botany. 37 (3): 738–757. doi:10.1600/036364412X648706. S2CID   14306534.
  8. Weber, W. A. and R. C. Wittmann. 2012. Colorado Flora, Western Slope, A Field Guide to the Vascular Plants, Fourth Edition. Boulder, Colorado. 532 pp.
  9. 1 2 "BONAP's Query Page". www.bonap.net. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
  10. "Oreocarya" . Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  11. Bresowar, Gerald E.; McGlaughlin, Mitchell E. (2014). "Characterization of microsatellite markers isolated from members of Oreocarya (Boraginaceae)". Conservation Genetics Resources. 6 (1): 205–207. Bibcode:2014ConGR...6..205B. doi:10.1007/s12686-013-0056-9. S2CID   1721798.

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