Guanling Formation

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Guanling Formation
Stratigraphic range: early-mid Anisian (Pelsonian)
~247–245  Ma
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Type Geological formation
Underlies Yangliujing Formation
Overlies Jialingjiang Formation
Lithology
Primary Mudstone, limestone
Other Dolomite
Location
Coordinates 25°30′N104°54′E / 25.5°N 104.9°E / 25.5; 104.9
Approximate paleocoordinates 11°42′N94°12′E / 11.7°N 94.2°E / 11.7; 94.2
Region Guizhou & Yunnan Provinces
Country China
Extent Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau
China edcp relief location map.jpg
Pink ff0080 pog.svg
Guanling Formation (China)
China Guizhou location map.jpg
Pink ff0080 pog.svg
Guanling Formation (Guizhou)

The Guanling Formation is a Middle Triassic (Anisian or Pelsonian in the regional chronostratigraphy) geologic formation in southwestern China.

Contents

Geology

The formation encompasses two members. The first member is primarily calcareous mudstone and dolomite, indicative of a coastal environment. The second member is a thicker marine sequence of dark micritic limestone with some dolomite. Two distinct fossil assemblages are found in the second member. The older Luoping biota preserves abundant arthropods (including isopods, [1] decapods, [2] mysidaceans and thylacocephalans [3] ) along with fossils from other invertebrates and vertebrates, which are rare but well-preserved. The slightly younger Panxian fauna has a more diverse and common assortment of marine reptiles such as sauropterygians. [4]

A tuff bed in the Luoping biota has been dated to 244.5 ± 2.2 Ma via U-Pb SHRIMP dating. The Luoping biota as a whole was deposited over a period of 340 ± 71 kyr. This estimate is justified by cyclostratigraphic evidence, as indicated by fluctuations of terrestrial proxy metals. [5]

Fossil content

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxonTaxon falsely reported as presentDubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Among others, the following fossils were reported from the formation:

Arthropoda

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxonTaxon falsely reported as presentDubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Arthropods of the Guanling Formation
GenusSpeciesLocalityMemberMaterialNotesImage
Acanthochirana [6] A. spiniferaLuoping BiotaUpper MemberA preserved exoskeletonAn early aegerid prawn
Anisaeger [6] A. brevirostrusLuoping BiotaUpper MemberA preserved exoskeletonAn early aegerid prawn
Aeger A. luxiiLuoping BiotaUpper MemberA preserved exoskeletonAn early aegerid prawn
Distaeger [6] D prodigiosusLuoping BiotaUpper MemberA preserved exoskeletonAn early aegerid prawn
Koryncheiros K. luopingensisLuoping BiotaUpper MemberA preserved exoskeletonA clytiopsid
Protamphisopus [7] P. baiiDawazi, Luoping and Ranjiazhai village, GuizhouUpper MemberA preserved exoskeletonAn amphisopid
Sinopemphix S. guizhouensisDawazi, LuopingUpper MemberA preserved exoskeletonA pemphicid
Sinosoma S. luopingenseDawazi, LuopingMember IIA preserved exoskeletonA chilognatha
Tridactylastacus T. sinensisLuoping BiotaUpper MemberA preserved exoskeletonA litogastroid
Yunnanocopia Y. grandisDawazi and Shangshikan Quarry, LuopingUpper MemberA carapaceA eucopiid crustacean
Y. longicaudaA carapace
Yunnanolimulus Y. luopingensisDawazi, LuopingUpper MemberA carapaceA limulid (horseshoe crab)
Yunnanopalinura Y. schramiLuoping BiotaUpper MemberA preserved exoskeletonAn early relative of piny lobsters

Ammonoidea

Ammonites of the Guanling Formation
GenusSpeciesLocalityMemberMaterialNotesImage
Progonoceratites P. pulcherGuizhouA fossilized shellA ceratitid ammonite

Bivalvia

Bivalves of the Guanling Formation
GenusSpeciesLocalityMemberMaterialNotesImage
Asoella A. illyrica
Eumorphotis E. (Asoella) paradoxica
Myophoria M. (Costatoria) goldfussi
Pleuromya P. elongata

Echinoidea

Sea Urchins of the Guanling Formation
GenusSpeciesLocalityMemberMaterialNotesImage
Yunnanechinus [8] Y. luopingensisLuoping Biota, YunnanMember IIA specimenAn early sea urchin

Fish

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxonTaxon falsely reported as presentDubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Actinopterygii

Ray-finned fish of the Guanling Formation
GenusSpeciesLocalityMemberMaterialNotesImage
Altisolepis A. sinensisDawazi, YunnanUpper MemberA skeletonA peltopleurid bony fish
Frodoichthys luopingensis Frodoichthys luopingensis.jpg
Frodoichthys luopingensis
Luoxiongichthys hyperdorsalis Luoxiongichthys hyperdorsalis 2.jpg
Luoxiongichthys hyperdorsalis
Diandongichthys [9] D. ocellatusLuoping, YunnanUpper MemberA complete, laterally compressed specimenA basal ginglymodian
Diandongperleidus D. denticulatusDawazi, YunnanUpper MemberA preserved skeletonA perleidiform
Feroxichthys F. panzhouensisXinmin, PanxianUpper MemberA skeletonA colobodontid
F. yunnanensisLuoping Biota, YunnanA skeleton
Frodoichthys F. luopingensisDawazi village, YunnanUpper MemberA skeletonAn early neopterygian
Fuyuanperleidus F. dengiDawazi village, YunnanUpper MemberA skeletonA fuyuanperleidid
Gimlichthys G. dawaziensisDawazi village, YunnanUpper MemberA skeletonAn early neopterygian
Gymnoichthys G. inopinatusDawazi village, YunnanUpper MemberA skeletonAn amiiform
Habroichthys H. broughiDawazi village, YunnanUpper MemberA skeletonA peltopleuriform
Kyphosichthys [10] K. grandeiLuoping, eastern Yunnan ProvinceUpper MemberA complete preserved skeletonA kyphosichthyiform
Lashanichthys [11] L. suiYangjuan, GuizhouUpper MemberA partial skeletonA lashanichthyid
L. yangjuanensisDawazi Village, YunnanUpper MemberA skeleton
Luopingichthys L. bergiDawazi Village, YunnanMember IIA skeletonA louwoichthyiform
Luoxiongichthys L. hyperdorsalisLuoxiong Town, YunnanLower memberA nearly complete skeleton and skull, a partial skull, and other referred materialsA halecomorph
Louwoichthys L. pusillusYunnanMember IIA skeletonA louwoichthyid fish
Luopingperleidus L. suiDawazi, YunnanUpper MemberA skeletonA perleidid
Marcopoloichthys [12] M. aniDawazi village, YunnanUpper MemberA complete specimenA teleosteomorph
Panxianichthys P. imparilisXinmin, Guizhou and YanjuanUpper MemberA skeletonA panxianichthyiform
Perleidus [13] P. sinensisDawazi village, YunnanUpper MemberA specimenA perleidid
Platysiagum P. sinensisDawazi, YunnanUpper MemberA skeletonA platysiagid
Pteronisculus P. changaeDawazi village, YunnanUpper MemberA skeletonAn early ray-finned fish of uncertain affinites
P. nielseni [14] Luoping Biota, YunnanA skeleton
Robustichthys R. luopingensisLuoping Biota, YunnanUpper MemberA skeletonA Ionoscopiform
Saurichthys S. dawaziensisDawazi village, YunnanUpper memberA broad skull and crushing dentitionA saurichthyiform
S. spinosa
Sinosaurichthys S. longimedialisYangjuan, Guizhou and Dawazi of Luoping, YunnanUpper MemberA skeletonA saurichthyiform
S. longipectoralisA skeleton
S. minutaA skeleton
Subortichthys S. triassicusLuoping biota, YunnanMember IIA skeletonA subortichthyid
Venusichthys [15] V. comptusLuoping biota, YunnanMember IIMultiple skeletonsA neopterygian in the monotypic family Venusichthyidae
Yelangichthys Y. macrocephalusXindian, GuizhouUpper MemberA broad skull and crushing dentition.A saurichthyiform
Yudaiichthys [11] Y. eximiusLuoping biota, YunnanMember IIA skeletonA lashanichthyid

Sarcopterygii

Lobe-finned fish of the Guanling Formation
GenusSpeciesLocalityMemberMaterialNotesImage
Luopingcoelacanthus L. eurylacrimalisLuoping Biota, YunnanUpper MemberMultiple skeletonsA coelacanthiform
Luopingcoelacanthus eurylacrimalis Luopingcoelucanthus eurylacrimalis.png
Luopingcoelacanthus eurylacrimalis
Yunnancoelacanthus Y. acrotuberculatusLuoping Biota, YunnanUpper MemberA skeletonA coelacanthiform

Reptiles

Ichthyosauria

Ichthyosaurs of the Guanling Formation
GenusSpeciesLocalityMemberMaterialsNotesImage
Barracudasauroides [16] B. panxianensisYangjuan village, XinminUpper Member [16] [4] A skeletonA small mixosaurid ichthyosaur; either a member of its own genus [17] or a species of Mixosaurus . [4]
Barracudasauroides Barracudasauroides NT.jpg
Barracudasauroides
Phalarodon PhalarodonDB15.jpg
Phalarodon
Mixosaurus Contectopalatus1DB.jpg
Mixosaurus
Mixosaurus M. kuhnschnyderiXinzhai Village, LuopingUpper MemberA small mixosaurid ichthyosaur
M. luxiensisHuale Village, LuxiUpper MemberA largely complete but disarticulated skeleton
M. panxianensisYangjuan Hill localityMiddle MemberA skeleton
M. xindianensisXindian, Qingshan Pu'anUpper Member
Phalarodon [18] [19] P. atavus [19] Upper Member [4] A complete skeletonA small mixosaurid ichthyosaur; might represent a member of its own genus, Contectopalatus .
P. fraasi [18] Yangjuan VillageUpper Member [4] A skull with durophagous dentition.A small mixosaurid ichthyosaur
Xinminosaurus [20] X. catactesNear Yangjuan Village, GuizhouUpper Member [4] A nearly complete skeletonA medium-sized early ichthyosaur with durophagous dentition, possibly a member of Cymbospondylidae.

Pseudosuchia

Pseudosuchians of the Guanling Formation
GenusSpeciesLocalityMemberMaterialsNotesImage
Qianosuchus Q. mixtusXinmin, PanxianTwo nearly complete skeletons and a crushed skullAn aquatic poposauroid archosaur
Qianosuchus Qianosuchus BW.jpg
Qianosuchus

Sauropterygia

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxonTaxon falsely reported as presentDubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Nothosauria
Nothosaurs of the Guanling Formation
GenusSpeciesLocalityMemberMaterialsNotesImage
Dawazisaurus D. brevisDawazisaurus-type locality, YunnanMember IIA nearly complete skeleton exposed in dorsal viewA sauropterygian of possible nothosauroid affinities
Dawazisaurus Dawazisaurus brevis holotype replica NTM.jpg
Dawazisaurus
Nothosaurus Nothosaurus BW.jpg
Nothosaurus
Dikoposichnus [21] D. luopingensisQingyuan Village, Guizhou, and Luoping Biota, YunnanMember I12 trackways and footprintsA probable nothosaur ichnotaxon
Nothosaurus N. yangjuanensisPanxian, GuizhouMiddle MemberA partial skeletonA nothosaur
Sanchiaosaurus S. dengiSanchiao in the vicinity of Guiyang and Chinchungchiao, GuizhouMiddle memberA partial skeletonA nothosaur


Pachypleurosauria
Pachypleurosaurs of the Guanling Formation
GenusSpeciesLocalityMemberMaterialsNotesImage
Diandongosaurus D. acutidentatusDawazi, YunnanMember IIA complete and articulated skeleton with skullA small pachypleurosaur
Luopingosaurus Luopingosaurus holotype.jpg
Luopingosaurus
Wumengosaurus Wumengosaurus NT small.jpg
Wumengosaurus
Dianopachysaurus D. dingiDawazi, LuopingMember IIA near-complete articulated skeletonA keichousaurid pachypleurosaur
Dianmeisaurus D. gracilisLuoping, YunnanUpper MemberA small skeleton likely belonging to an immature individualA pachypleurosaur
D. mutaensis Northwest of Muta village, LuxiA complete and articulated skeleton exposed in dorsal view
Honghesaurus H. longicaudalisLuxi, YunnanMember IIA skeletonA pachypleurosaurid
Luopingosaurus [22] L. imparilisLuoping, YunnanUpper MemberA skeletonA pachypleurosaurid
Wumengosaurus W. delicatomandibularisYangjuan Village, XinminMember IIA skeletonA small pachypleurosaur
W. rotundicarpusPanzhou, GuizhouMember IIA specimen
Placodontiformes
Placodontiformes of the Guanling Formation
GenusSpeciesLocalityMemberMaterialsNotesImage
Atopodentatus [23] A. unicusDawazi, YunnanUpper Member and Member II [23] Several well-preserved specimensA bizarre, likely herbivorous [24] sauropterygian with possible placodontiform affinities [25]
Atopodentatus Atopo3.png
Atopodentatus
Placodus Placodus BW.jpg
Placodus
Placodus [26] P. inexpectatusYangjuan Village, XinminUpper Member [26] [4] A skeletonA medium-sized placodontid placodont, known from a [26]
Saurosphargidae
Saurosphargidae of the Guanling Formation
GenusSpeciesLocalityMemberMaterialsNotesImage
Anshunpes [21] A. aquacursorQingyuan Village, GuizhouSongzikan Member (Member I)A trackway consisting of 10 right and 9 left autopodial (?manus) imprintsAn ichnotaxon of Saurosphargidae
Sinosaurosphargis Sinosaurosphargis NT small.jpg
Sinosaurosphargis
Largocephalosaurus L. polycarpon [27] Luoping, YunnanUpper Member [27] [4] A nearly complete and articulated skull and skeleton missing most of its tailA mid-sized basal saurosphargid sauropterygian
L. qianensis [28] Panxian, GauizhouUpper Member [28] [4] Multiple specimensA mid-sized basal saurosphargid sauropterygian
Sinosaurosphargis [29] S. yunguinensisYangmazhai of Luoping County, Yunnan and Yangjian of Pan County, GuizhouUpper Member [29] [4] Multiple specimensA small armoured saurosphargid sauropterygian

Tanysauria

Tanysaurians of the Guanling Formation
GenusSpeciesLocalityMemberMaterialsNotesImage
Austronaga [30] A. minutaWaina Village, YunnanMember IIA nearly complete skull articulated, the first six cervical vertebrae, aand 65 caudal vertebraeA trachelosaurid
Dinocephalosaurus Dinocephalosaurus (IVPP V20295).png
Dinocephalosaurus
Pectodens Pectodens fossil.png
Pectodens
Dinocephalosaurus [31] D. orientalisPaxian, Gaizhou and Luoping, YunnanMember IIMultiple specimensA trachelosaurid
Gracilicollum [32] G. latensNear Xinmin Village in Panzhou, GuizhouMember IIA skull and partial neckA probable trachelosaurid
Luxisaurus [31] L. terrestrisNear Suomeiluo in Luxi County, YunnanUpper MemberAn articulated partial skeletonA tanystropheid
Pectodens [31] P. zhenyuensisLuoping, YunnanMember IIA well-preserved and near-complete skeletonA small trachelosaurid

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