Gymnocranius euanus

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Gymnocranius euanus
Gymnocranius euanus JNC2682.JPG
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Spariformes
Family: Lethrinidae
Genus: Gymnocranius
Species:
G. euanus
Binomial name
Gymnocranius euanus
(Günther, 1879)
Synonyms [2]
  • Sphaerodon euanus Günther, 1879
  • Monotaxis affinis Whitley, 1943
  • Gymnocranius japonicus Akazaki, 1961

Gymnocranius euanus, the Japanese large-eye bream, Japanese sea bream, paddletail bream, speckled emperor or iodine bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This fish is found in the Western Pacific Ocean.

Contents

Taxonomy

Gymnocranius euanus was first formally described as Sphaerodon euanus in 1879 by the German-born British ichthyologist Albert Günther with its type locality given as Eua in the Friendly Islands. [3] Some authors place the genus Gymnocranius in the subfamily Monotaxinae but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise the subfamilies traditionally accepted within the family Lethrinidae as valid. The family Lethrinidae is classified by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World as belonging to the order Spariformes. [4]

Etymology

Gymnocranius euanus has a specific name which suffixes -anus onto the type locality of 'Eua in modern Tonga. [5]

Description

Gymnocranius euanus has an oblong body that has a depth which fits into its standard length around two and a half times. The head has a deeply sloping dorsal profile. The eye is placed high on the head and is relatively large, although its diameter is a little less than the length of the snout. It has a relatively small mouth which has 2 or 3 pairs of small, thin canine-like teeth at the front of each jaw with most of the remaining teeth bristle-like but there are well developed molar-like teeth on the sides of the jaws. The dorsal fin is supported by 10 spines and 10 soft rays while the anal fin contains 3 spines and 10 soft rays. The caudal fin is moderately forked with blunt tipped lobes. [6] The overall colour is silvery-grey to bluish grey marked with small black spots which are scattered on the body with pale pink fins. [7] This species has a maximum published total length of 45 cm (18 in), although 35 cm (14 in) is more typical. [2]

Distributiion and habitat

Gymnocranius euanus is found in the Western Pacific Ocean, where it ranges from the eastern Gulf of Thailand to New Caledonia and Tonga, northern to southern Japan, and south of Australia. In Australia, it is found from the northwest of Kalbarri, Western Australia, around the northern coast, to the Solitary Islands in New South Wales, the Coral Sea reefs, Lord Howe Island, and Norfolk Island. [7] This species is found at depths between 15 and 50 m (49 and 164 ft) on substrates of sand and rubble next to rock and coral reefs in lagoons and on outer slopes. [2]

Biology

Gymnocranius euanus has adiet dominated by small bottom-dwelling gastropods. In Vanuatu these fishes have been recorded spawning in April and August. [1]

Fisheries

Gymnocranius euanus is a target for commercial fisheries in some areas where it is found being caught with long lines and hand lines. [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lethrinidae</span> Family of fishes

Lethrinidae are a family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Spariformes commonly known as emperors, emperor breams, and pigface breams.

<i>Scolopsis bilineata</i> Species of fish

Scolopsis bilineata, the two-lined monocle bream, bridled monocle bream, bridled spinecheek, double-lined coral bream or yellow-finned spine-cheek, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. This species is found in the to the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.

<i>Lethrinus miniatus</i> Species of fish

Lethrinus miniatus, the trumpet emperor, redthroat emperor, sweetlip emperor, Sweetlip Swoose, island snapper, yellowmouth perch, yellowmouth snapper, lipper or nannygal, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This species is found the eastern Indo-West Pacific region.

<i>Lethrinus laticaudis</i> Species of fish

Lethrinus laticaudis, the grass emperor, blue-lined emperor, blue-spotted emperor, brown kelp-fish, brown morwong, brown sweetlip, coral bream, grass sweetlip, grey sweetlip, piggy, red throat, red-finned emperor, snapper bream, squire, sweet-lips or tricky snapper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This fish is found in the eastern Indian and western Pacific Oceans.

<i>Monotaxis grandoculis</i> Species of fish

Monotaxis grandoculis, the humpnose big-eye bream, bigeye barenose, bigeye bream, bigeye emperor, grand-eyed porgy fish, humpnose sea-bream, large-eye bream,mu and roundtooth large-eye bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This species is found in the Indian and Pacific Ocean.

<i>Gymnocranius audleyi</i> Species of fish

Gymnocranius audleyi, the collared large-eye bream, collar bream, bastard bream, coral bream, iodine bream, pale-faced bream or sand snapper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This species is found in the Western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Monotaxis</i> (fish) Genus of fishes

Monotaxis is a small genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. The fishes in this genus are found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans.

<i>Gnathodentex</i> Genus of fishes

Gnathodentex is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors or emperor breams. It is a monotypic genus, containing a single species, the goldspot seabream, also known as the striped large-eye bream. This taxon has a wide distribution in Indo-West Pacific region.

<i>Gymnocranius</i> Genus of fishes

Gymnocranius is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. These fishes are found in the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.

Wattsia is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the familyLethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. The only species in the genus is Wattsa mossambica, the Mozambique large-eye bream or Mozambique sea bream of the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.

<i>Lethrinus olivaceus</i> Species of fish

Lethrinus olivaceus, common name longface emperor or long-nosed emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors or emperor breams. This species has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.

<i>Scaevius</i> Monospecific genus of fish

Scaevius is a monotypic genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. The only species in the genus is Scaevius milii, the green-striped coral bream, the coral monocle bream or jurgen, is found in Australia.

<i>Lethrinus obsoletus</i> Species of fish

Lethrinus obsoletus, the orange-striped emperor, yellow-banded emperor or yellowstripe emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors or emperor breams. This species has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.

<i>Gymnocranius griseus</i> Species of fish

Gymnocranius griseus, the grey large-eye bream, barred large-eye bream, grey emperor, grey seabream and naked-head seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This species is found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Scolopsis ciliata</i> Species of fish

Scolopsis ciliata, the saw-jawed monocle bream, ciliate spinecheek, silver-line spinecheek or whitestreak monocle bream is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. This fish is found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Gymnocranius grandoculis</i> Species of fish

Gymnocranius grandoculis, the blue-lined large-eye bream, iodine bream, Maori sea bream or Robinson's sea bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emeprors and emperor breams. This fish has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.

<i>Lethrinus crocineus</i> Species of marine fish

Lethrinus crocineus, the yellowtail emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This fish is found in the Indian Ocean.

<i>Lethrinus variegatus</i> Species of marine fish

Lethrinus variegatus, the slender emperor or variegated emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This fish has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.

<i>Lethrinus amboinensis</i> Species of fish

Lethrinus amboinensis, the Ambon emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This species is found in the Western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Lethrinus borbonicus</i> Species of fish

Lethrinus borbonicus, the snubnose emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperor breams and emperors. This species is found in the Western Indian Ocean and is of some importance to commercial fisheries in that region.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Carpenter, K.E.; Lawrence, A. & Myers, R. (2016). "Gymnocranius euanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T16719387A16722305. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T16719387A16722305.en . Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2023). "Gymnocranius euanus" in FishBase. October 2023 version.
  3. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Gymnocranius". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  4. ↑ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN   2015037522. OCLC   951899884. OL   25909650M.
  5. ↑ "Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. 17 October 2022. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  6. ↑ Kent E. Carpenter; Gerald R. Allen (1989). Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (Family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date (PDF). FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. FAO, Rome. pp. 22–223.
  7. 1 2 Bray, D.J. (2021). "Gymnocranius euanus". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
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