Gymnopternus

Gymnopternus
Gymnopternus cupreus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Diptera
Family:	Dolichopodidae
Tribe:	Dolichopodini
Genus:	Gymnopternus Loew, 1857 [1]
Type species
Dolichopus cupreus Fallén, 1823
Synonyms
Paragymnopternus Bigot, 1888 [2]

Gymnopternus is a genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae. ^[3] It was formerly placed as a subgenus of Hercostomus , but is now accepted as a separate genus.

Species

• Gymnopternus aerosus (Fallén, 1823)
• Gymnopternus albiceps Loew, 1861 ^[4]
• Gymnopternus aldrichi Robinson, 1964 ^[5]
• Gymnopternus anarmostus (Melander, 1900) ^[6]
• Gymnopternus ancistrus (Yang & Yang, 1995) ^[7]
• Gymnopternus angustifrons (Staeger, 1842)
• Gymnopternus annulatus Van Duzee, 1926 ^[8]
• Gymnopternus annulipes Robinson, 1964 ^[5]
• Gymnopternus anomalocerus Robinson, 1964 ^[5]
• Gymnopternus assimilis (Staeger, 1842)
• Gymnopternus atratus Pollet, Khaghaninia & Kazerani, 2017 ^[9]
• Gymnopternus barbatulus Loew, 1861 ^[4]
• Gymnopternus bariensis Tang, Pan & Yang, 2016 ^[10]
• Gymnopternus bitinctus (Becker, 1922) ^{[11] [12]} ( nomen dubium )
• Gymnopternus blandulus Parent, 1932 ^[13]
• Gymnopternus blankaartensis (Pollet, 1990) ^{[14] [15]}
• Gymnopternus bomiensis (Yang, 1996) ^[16]
• Gymnopternus brevicornis (Staeger, 1842)
• Gymnopternus brevipes (Van Duzee, 1933) ^[17]
• Gymnopternus brunneifacies (Robinson, 1960) ^[18]
• Gymnopternus californicus Van Duzee, 1920
• Gymnopternus campsicnemoides Robinson, 1964 ^[5]
• Gymnopternus celer (Meigen, 1824) ^[19]
• Gymnopternus collectivus (Yang & Grootaert, 1999) ^[20]
• Gymnopternus congruens (Becker, 1922)
• Gymnopternus consanguineus (Harmston, 1952)
• Gymnopternus constrictus Robinson, 1964 ^[5]
• Gymnopternus coxalis Loew, 1864
• Gymnopternus crassicauda Loew, 1861 ^[4]
• Gymnopternus crassisetosus (Yang & Saigusa, 2001) ^[21]
• Gymnopternus cumberlandensis Robinson, 1964 ^[5]
• Gymnopternus cuneicornis Robinson, 1964 ^[5]
• Gymnopternus cupreus (Fallén, 1823)
• Gymnopternus currani (Van Duzee, 1930)
• Gymnopternus curvatus (Yang, 1997) ^[22]
• Gymnopternus daubichensis (Stackelberg, 1933) ^[23]
• Gymnopternus debilis Loew, 1861 ^[4]
• Gymnopternus despicatus Loew, 1861 ^[4]
• Gymnopternus difficillis Loew, 1861 ^[4]
• Gymnopternus dorsalis (Yang & Saigusa, 2001) ^[21]
• Gymnopternus exilis Loew, 1861 ^[4]
• Gymnopternus fimbriatus Loew, 1861 ^[4]
• Gymnopternus flaccus (Wei, 1997)
• Gymnopternus flaviciliatus Van Duzee, 1914
• Gymnopternus flavitarsis (Van Duzee, 1925)
• Gymnopternus flavitibia Pollet, Khaghaninia & Kazerani, 2017 ^[9]
• Gymnopternus flaviventris Robinson, 1964 ^[5]
• Gymnopternus flavus Loew, 1861 ^[4]
• Gymnopternus floridensis Robinson, 1964 ^[5]
• Gymnopternus frequens Loew, 1861 ^[4]
• Gymnopternus fujianensis (Yang & Yang, 2003)
• Gymnopternus fushanensis Zhang & Yang, 2011
• Gymnopternus ghufrani Grootaert, 2020 ^[24]
• Gymnopternus grandis (Yang & Yang, 1995)
• Gymnopternus gregalis (Becker, 1922) ^{[11] [12]}
• Gymnopternus guangdongensis (Zhang, Yang & Grootaert, 2003) ^[25]
• Gymnopternus guangxiensis (Yang, 1997)
• Gymnopternus helveticus Pollet & Rampazzi, 2004
• Gymnopternus humilis Loew, 1864
• Gymnopternus hybridus Robinson, 1964 ^[5]
• Gymnopternus hygrus (Wei, 1997)
• Gymnopternus jiangi Zhang & Yang, 2011
• Gymnopternus jishanensis (Wei, 1997)
• Gymnopternus klowdeni (Olejníček, 2002)
• Gymnopternus kurtus (Wei & Song, 2006)
• Gymnopternus labilis (Wei & Song, 2006)
• Gymnopternus lacus (Wei & Song, 2006)
• † Gymnopternus lacustris Bickel, 1995 ^[26]
• Gymnopternus laevigatus Loew, 1861 ^[4]
• Gymnopternus laffooni Robinson, 1964 ^[5]
• Gymnopternus latapicalis (Yang & Saigusa, 2001) ^[21]
• Gymnopternus lividifrons Van Duzee, 1926 ^[8]
• Gymnopternus longipennis Tang, Pan & Yang, 2016 ^[10]
• Gymnopternus lunifer Loew, 1861 ^[4]
• Gymnopternus maculiventris (Van Duzee, 1925)
• Gymnopternus medivalvis (Yang, 2001)
• Gymnopternus meihuapuensis (Yang & Saigusa, 2001) ^[21]
• Gymnopternus meniscoides Robinson, 1964 ^[5]
• Gymnopternus meniscus Loew, 1864
• Gymnopternus metallicus (Stannius, 1831)
• Gymnopternus meuffelsi (Olejníček, 2003)
• Gymnopternus minutus Loew, 1861 ^[4]
• Gymnopternus mirificus Melander, 1900 ^[6]
• Gymnopternus nemorum (Smirnov & Negrobov, 1977) ^[23]
• Gymnopternus niger (Yang & Saigusa, 2001) ^[21]
• Gymnopternus nigribarbus Loew, 1861 ^[4]
• Gymnopternus nigricomus Robinson, 1964 ^[5]
• Gymnopternus nigricoxa Van Duzee, 1924
• Gymnopternus nigrifacies (Van Duzee, 1933) ^[17]
• Gymnopternus novus (Parent, 1926)
• Gymnopternus obscurus (Say, 1823)
• Gymnopternus obtusicauda Van Duzee, 1924
• Gymnopternus ohioensis Robinson, 1964 ^[5]
• Gymnopternus opacus Loew, 1861 ^[4]
• Gymnopternus ovaticornis (Van Duzee, 1933) ^[17]
• Gymnopternus oxanae (Olejníček, 2004)
• Gymnopternus pallidiciliatus (Van Duzee, 1930)
• Gymnopternus parvicornis Loew, 1861 ^[4]
• Gymnopternus petilus (Yang & Saigusa, 1999) ^[27]
• Gymnopternus pingbianensis (Yang & Saigusa, 2001) ^[21]
• Gymnopternus politus Loew, 1861 ^[4]
• Gymnopternus populus (Wei, 1997)
• Gymnopternus portentosus (Wei, 1997)
• Gymnopternus prominulus (Wei, 1997)
• Gymnopternus propriofacies Robinson, 1964 ^[5]
• Gymnopternus prorsus (Wei, 1997)
• Gymnopternus pseudoceler (Stackelberg, 1934)
• Gymnopternus pseudodebilis Robinson, 1964 ^[5]
• Gymnopternus pugnaceus Robinson & Knowles, 2008 ^[28]
• Gymnopternus purus (Harmston & Knowlton, 1963)
• Gymnopternus pusillus Loew, 1864
• Gymnopternus robustus (Van Duzee, 1925)
• Gymnopternus rohdendorfi (Stackelberg, 1933) ^[29]
• Gymnopternus rollei (Parent, 1941)
• Gymnopternus schlingeri (Harmston & Knowlton, 1963)
• Gymnopternus scotias Loew, 1861 ^[4]
• Gymnopternus shandonganus (Yang, 1996)
• Gymnopternus sharpi Robinson, 1964 ^[5]
• Gymnopternus sheni Zhang & Yang, 2008
• Gymnopternus shimentaiensis (Zhang, Yang & Grootaert, 2003) ^[25]
• Gymnopternus silvestris (Pollet, 1990) ^{[14] [15]}
• Gymnopternus singularis Van Duzee, 1924
• Gymnopternus singulus (Wei, 1997)
• Gymnopternus solanus (Wei, 1997)
• Gymnopternus spectabilis Loew, 1861 ^[4]
• Gymnopternus subdilatatus Loew, 1861 ^[4]
• Gymnopternus submalthinus (Olejníček, 2003)
• Gymnopternus subpopulus (Wei, 1997)
• Gymnopternus subulatus Loew, 1861 ^[4]
• Gymnopternus tennesseensis Robinson, 1964 ^[5]
• Gymnopternus tenuicauda Van Duzee, 1928
• Gymnopternus tenuilobus (Yang & Grootaert, 1999) ^[30]
• Gymnopternus tibialis Van Duzee, 1928
• Gymnopternus tristis Loew, 1864
• Gymnopternus ussurianus (Stackelberg, 1933) ^[31]
• Gymnopternus ventralis Loew, 1861 ^[4]
• Gymnopternus vernaculus Van Duzee, 1924
• Gymnopternus vetitus (Melander, 1900) ^[6]
• Gymnopternus vockerothi Robinson, 1964 ^[5]
• Gymnopternus weemsi Robinson, 1964 ^[5]
• Gymnopternus yatai (Yang & Saigusa, 2001) ^[32]
• Gymnopternus zhuae Zhang & Yang, 2011

References

1. Loew, Hermann (1857). "Neue Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Dipteren. Fünfter Beitrag". Programm der Königlichen Realschule zu Meseritz. 1857: 1–56.
2. Evenhuis, Neal L.; Pont, Adrian C. (2004). "The Diptera Genera of Jacques-Marie-Frangile Bigot". Zootaxa . 751: 1–94. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.751.1.1.
3. Yang, D.; Zhu, Y.; Wang, M.; Zhang, L. (2006). World Catalog of Dolichopodidae (Insecta: Diptera). Beijing: China Agricultural University Press. pp. 1–704. ISBN   9787811171020.
4. Loew, Hermann (1861). "Neue Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Dipteren. Achter Beitrag [part]". Programm der Königlichen Realschule zu Meseritz. 1861: 1–60.
5. Robinson, H. E. (1964). "A synopsis of the Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the southeastern United States and adjacent regions". Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America. 4: 103–192.
6. Melander, Axel L. (1900). "A decade of Dolichopodidae". The Canadian Entomologist. 32 (5): 134–144. doi:10.4039/ent32134-5. S2CID   88119964 . Retrieved 14 August 2016.
7. Yang, Ding; Yang, C.K. (1995). Diptera: Dolichopididae, In Insects of Baishanzu Mountain Eastern China. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House. pp. 510–519. ISBN   9787503817441.
8. Van Duzee, Millard C. (1926). "Further new Dolichopodidae in the Canadian national collection (Diptera)". The Canadian Entomologist. 58 (3): 56–59. doi:10.4039/ent5856-3. S2CID   86437327.
9. Kazerani, F.; Khaghaninia, S.; Talebi, A.A.; Persson, M.; Pollet, M. (2017). "Eight new species of Dolichopodinae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from northern Iran". Zootaxa . 4242 (1): 111–141. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4242.1.6. PMID   28610197.
10. Tang, C.; Pan, Z.; Yang, D. (2015). "Two New Species of the Gymnopternus Grandis Group from Tibet (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)". Entomological News . 125 (4): 245–251. doi:10.3157/021.125.0404 (inactive 12 July 2025).
11. Becker, T. (1922). "Dipterologische Studien: Dolichopodidae der Indo-Australischen Region". Capita Zoologica. 1 (4): 1–247.
12. Grichanov, I.Y. (2023). "A New Species of Hercostomus Loew, 1857 (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) from India with Some Nomenclatural Notes". Entomological Review. 103 (6) (published 15 February 2024): 684–691. doi:10.1134/S001387382306009X.
13. Parent, O. (1932). "Sur quelq ues Diptères Dolichopodides, la plupart appartenant à la collection L. Oldenberg". Notes et Descriptions (Dipt.) Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung. 93: 220–241.
14. Pollet, Marc (1990). "Two Hercostomus (Gymnopternus) species, new to Great Britain" (PDF). Dipterists Digest. 7: 30–33. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
15. Pollet, Marc (1990). "Phenetic and ecological relationships between species of the subgenus Hercostomus (Gymnopternus) in western Europe with the description of two new species (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)". Systematic Entomology . 15 (3): 359–382. Bibcode:1990SysEn..15..359P. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1990.tb00071.x. S2CID   85419341.
16. Yang, Ding (1996). "New species of the genus Hercostomus Loew from Xizang". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 32 (4): 411–417. doi:10.1080/21686351.1996.12279164.
17. Van Duzee, Millard Carr (1933). "New Dolichopidae from North America, with notes on several described species" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (599). New York City: The American Museum of Natural History: 1–27. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
18. Robinson, Harold E. (1960). "Four New Dolichopodidae from the Eastern United States (Diptera)". The Ohio Journal of Science. 60 (5): 271–273. hdl:1811/4718.
19. Meigen, J. W. (1824). "Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten". Vierter Theil. Schulz-Wundermann, Hamm.: xii + 428 pp.
20. Yang, D.; Grootaert, P. (1999). "New and little known species of Dolichopodidae from China (V)" (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. Entomologie. 69: 215–232.
21. Yang, D.; Saigusa, T. (2001). "New and little known species of Dolichopodidae (Diptera) from China (X): The species of Hercostomus from Yunnan" (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. Entomologie. 71: 189–236.
22. Yang, D. (1997). "Five New Species of Dolichopodidae (Diptera) from Longwang Mountain, Zhejiang, Southeastern China". Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift . 44 (2): 147–153. doi:10.1002/mmnd.19970440206.
23. Grichanov, I.Ya. (2020). "New records of Dolichopodidae (Diptera) from Russian Primorye and notes on some Chinese species" (PDF). Russian Entomological Journal. 29 (4): 432–438. doi:10.15298/rusentj.29.4.12. S2CID   231547437.
24. Grootaert, P. (2020). "First Record of the Holarctic and Northern Oriental Genus Gymnopternus Loew (Diptera: Dolichopodidae, Dolichopodinae) near the Equator: Description of a New Species from a Swamp Forest in Singapore". Tropical Natural History. 20 (2): 125–133.
25. Zhang, L.; Yang, D.; Grootaert, P. (2003). "Notes on Dolichopodidae (Diptera) from Guangdong, China" (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. Entomologie. 73: 181–188.
26. Bickel, D.J. (1995). "A Fossil Gymnopternus Loew (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from the Florissant Beds, Colorado" (PDF). Psyche: A Journal of Entomology . 102 (3–4): 169–172. doi: 10.1155/1995/18952 .
27. Yang, D.; Saigusa, T. (1999). "New and little known species of Dolichopodidae from China (VI): Diptera from Emei Mountain (1)" (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institut royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique. Entomologie. 69: 233–250.
28. Robinson, Harold E.; Knowles, M. (2008). "The Robinson Expeditions to Spout Run, Arlington County, Virginia: Notes on Gymnopternus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington . 110 (3): 562–576. doi:10.4289/07-068.562.1. S2CID   86521228.
29. Grichanov, I.Ya. (2022). "New records of Dolichopodidae (Diptera) from Primorsky Territory, Russia". Amurian Zoological Journal. 14 (1): 48–60. doi:10.33910/2686-9519-2022-14-1-48-60. S2CID   248440379.
30. Yang, D.; Grootaert, P. (1999). "Dolichopodidae (Diptera: Empidoidea) from Xishuangbanna (China, Yunnan province): the Dolichopodinae and the genus Chaetogonopteron (I)" (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. Entomologie. 69: 251–277.
31. Negrobov, O.P.; Kumazawa, T.; Tago, T.; Sato, M. (2016). "New species of Hercostomus Loew, 1857 (Dolichopodidae, Diptera) from Japan". Zootaxa . 4158 (1): 65–80. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4158.1.3. PMID   27615870.
32. Yang, D.; Saigusa, T. (2001). "New and little known species of Dolichopodidae (Diptera) from China (IX)" (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. Entomologie. 71: 165–188.