Discovery | |
---|---|
Discovered by | Capistrant, Soares-Furtado et al. (THYME) [1] |
Discovery date | 10 January 2024 [1] |
Transit [2] | |
Designations | |
TOI-1726 d, BD+27 1490 d, HIP 38228 d, V377 Geminorum d | |
Orbital characteristics [1] | |
0.0503+0.0025 −0.0027 AU | |
Eccentricity | 0.16+0.36 −0.12 |
4.20975+0.000012 −0.000023 d | |
Inclination | 88.73° +0.85° −1.06° |
Star | HD 63433 |
Physical characteristics [1] | |
Mean radius | 1.073+0.046 −0.044 R🜨 |
Temperature | 1040±40 K(767 ± 40°C) (mean), [lower-alpha 1] , 1,530 K (1,260 °C) (daytime) [lower-alpha 2] |
HD 63433 d (TOI-1726 d) is a confirmed exoplanet orbiting HD 63433, a Sun-like star located 73 light-years away in the constellation Gemini. [3] It was the third (and most recent) exoplanet to be discovered in orbit around this star; the other two were HD 63433 b and c, discovered in 2020. [1] [4] Its radius is measured at around 1.1 R🜨, which makes it similar to the Earth in size. [1] Orbiting its star at a distance of 0.0503 astronomical units (7,520,000 km), it is the innermost planet orbiting HD 63433, and completes an orbit around it just every 4 days. [1] Due to the proximity of its star, the planet is scorching hot, having a temperature estimated at 1260 °C at daytime. [4] [1] The proximity of its star also causes it to be tidally locked. [4] [5]
Having a radius of 1.073 R🜨 (~6,845 km), it is roughly the size of Earth, but its mass is still unknown. [1] HD 63433 d is the innermost planet in the system, orbiting its star at a distance of 0.0503 astronomical units (7,520,000 km) and completing one orbital period around it every 4 days and 5 hours. [1] The proximity of its star causes HD 63433 d to be scorching hot, having a daytime temperature estimated at 1,260 °C (2,300 °F), [1] [lower-alpha 2] which is similar to other lava planets such as Kepler-10b and CoRoT-7b, [5] [3] and hot enough to melt all minerals on its surface. [6] In addition, the planet is tidally locked, meaning that one side of the planet always faces its star, while the other side always faces away from it, and it possibly lacks a substantial atmosphere. [4] [5] [7] Tidal locking also happens with the Moon, which has one side always facing Earth. [4]
It is believed that its dayside, always facing its star due to tidal locking, is completely molten and dominated by lava, [8] [5] in addition to possibly having volcanic activity. [9] [10] Meanwhile, the night side of the planet could be as cold as Pluto, having glaciers of frozen nitrogen, depending on its composition. [11]
With an age estimated at 414 million years, it is the smallest known exoplanet less than 500 million years old, and the nearest Earth-sized planet this young. [1] [5] [9]
The small size, young age and the proximity of its star make HD 63433 an interesting planet for further exploration. [5] According to the HD 63433 d discovery team, this planet and another young terrestrial planets are critical test beds to constrain the current theories of planetary formation and evolution. [5] [1] [12] The study of HD 63433 d could produce valuable information about the formation and evolution of Earth-sized planets. [10]
The planet was discovered by a team of scientists led by Benjamin Capristaint and Melinda Soares-Furtado after analyzing a transit observation made by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The team took the data and removed the transit signals of the other planets, thus revealing an additional transit signal that reappeared every 4.2 days. [1] [5] [7] Later investigations validated that this transit signal was from a third planet around the star HD 63433. [5] [7] The discovery was announced on January 10, 2023, in The Astrophysical Journal. [4] [11]
The discovery of HD 63433 d is part of a project called TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME), which seeks to discover young transiting exoplanets in moving groups, stellar associations and open clusters. [1]
The host star of HD 63433 d is HD 63433, a G-type main-sequence star which is located 73 light-years away in the Gemini constellation. [3] Having a radius 91% similar to that of the Sun, and a mass 99% similar, HD 63433 has properties very similar to those of the Sun, being classified as a solar analog. [13] With an apparent magnitude of 6.9, the star cannot be been with the naked eye, but can be with a small telescope [14] or binoculars. [15] HD 63433 is part of the Ursa Major moving group, which makes its age estimated at 414 million years. [13] Other stars located in this group include Alioth and Mizar, located in the Big Dipper.
HD 63433 also hosts two other exoplanets: HD 63433 b and c, two mini-Neptune planets discovered in 2020 by Mann et al. [13]
An exomoon or extrasolar moon is a natural satellite that orbits an exoplanet or other non-stellar extrasolar body.
WASP-12b is a hot Jupiter orbiting the star WASP-12, discovered in April of 2008, by the SuperWASP planetary transit survey. The planet takes only a little over one Earth day to orbit its star, in contrast to about 365.25 days for the Earth to orbit the Sun. Its distance from the star is only the Earth's distance from the Sun, with an eccentricity the same as Jupiter's. Consequently, it has one of the lowest densities for exoplanets. On December 3, 2013, scientists working with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) reported detecting water in the atmosphere of the exoplanet. In July 2014, NASA announced finding very dry atmospheres on three exoplanets orbiting sun-like stars.
Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite is a space telescope for NASA's Explorer program, designed to search for exoplanets using the transit method in an area 400 times larger than that covered by the Kepler mission. It was launched on 18 April 2018, atop a Falcon 9 launch vehicle and was placed into a highly elliptical 13.70-day orbit around the Earth. The first light image from TESS was taken on 7 August 2018, and released publicly on 17 September 2018.
CoRoT-7b is an exoplanet orbiting the star CoRoT-7 in the constellation of Monoceros, 489 light-years from Earth. It was first detected photometrically by the French-led CoRoT mission and reported in February 2009. Until the announcement of Kepler-10b in January 2011, it was the smallest exoplanet to have its diameter measured, at 1.58 times that of the Earth and the first potential extrasolar terrestrial planet to be found. The exoplanet has a very short orbital period, revolving around its host star in about 20 hours.
An exoplanet is a planet located outside the Solar System. The first evidence of an exoplanet was noted as early as 1917, but was not recognized as such until 2016; no planet discovery has yet come from that evidence. What turned out to be the first detection of an exoplanet was published among a list of possible candidates in 1988, though not confirmed until 2003. The first confirmed detection came in 1992, with the discovery of terrestrial-mass planets orbiting the pulsar PSR B1257+12. The first confirmation of an exoplanet orbiting a main-sequence star was made in 1995, when a giant planet was found in a four-day orbit around the nearby star 51 Pegasi. Some exoplanets have been imaged directly by telescopes, but the vast majority have been detected through indirect methods, such as the transit method and the radial-velocity method. As of 1 April 2024, there are 5,653 confirmed exoplanets in 4,161 planetary systems, with 896 systems having more than one planet. This is a list of the most notable discoveries.
Kepler-90, also designated 2MASS J18574403+4918185, is a F-type star located about 2,790 light-years (855 pc) from Earth in the constellation of Draco. It is notable for possessing a planetary system that has the same number of observed planets as the Solar System.
K2-288Bb is a super-Earth or mini-Neptune exoplanet orbiting in the habitable zone of K2-288B, a low-mass M-dwarf star in a binary star system in the constellation of Taurus about 226 light-years from Earth. It was discovered by citizen scientists while analysing data from the Kepler spacecraft's K2 mission, and was announced on 7 January 2019. K2-288 is the third transiting planet system identified by the Exoplanet Explorers program, after the six planets of K2-138 and the three planets of K2-233.
TOI-700 is a red dwarf 101.4 light-years away from Earth located in the Dorado constellation that hosts TOI-700 d, the first Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).
TOI-700 d is a near-Earth-sized exoplanet, likely rocky, orbiting within the habitable zone of the red dwarf TOI-700, the outermost planet within the system. It is located roughly 101.4 light-years (31.1 pc) away from Earth in the constellation of Dorado. The exoplanet is the first Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).
K2-66b is a confirmed mega-Earth orbiting the subgiant K2-66, about 520 parsecs (1,700 ly) from Earth in the direction of Aquarius. It is an extremely hot and dense planet heavier than Neptune, but with only about half its radius.
HIP 67522 b is a hot Jupiter exoplanet orbiting the G-type star HIP 67522, located approximately 415 light-years from Earth in the constellation Centaurus, discovered using the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). It is currently the youngest hot Jupiter discovered, at an age of only 17 million years; it is also one of the youngest transiting planets of any type, and one of only four others less than 100 million years old to have the angle between its orbit and its host star's rotation measured, at 5.8+2.8
−5.7 degrees. This planet, in turn, may help in knowing how other hot Jupiters form.
TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) is an exoplanet search project. The researchers of the THYME collaboration are mainly from the United States and search for young exoplanets using data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The new discoveries should help to understand the early evolution of exoplanets. As of March 2023 the collaboration produced 9 papers announcing the discovery of exoplanets.
TOI-2180 b is a giant exoplanet orbiting the G-type star TOI-2180, also known as HD 238894. It was discovered with the help of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and is currently the exoplanet with the longest orbital period TESS was able to uncover. TOI-2180 b orbits its host star every 260.16 days.
HD 63433 is a G-type main sequence star located 73 light-years from Earth in the zodiacal constellation Gemini, visually close to the star Pollux. It is classified as a Sun-like star, having a mass 99% similar and a size 91% similar to that of the Sun. However, it is a much younger star, less than one tenth as old with an age of about 400 million years. With an apparent magnitude of 6.9, it is not visible to the naked eye, but can be seen with a small telescope. Based on its kinematic, rotational and lithium abundance properties, it is part of the Ursa Major Moving Group. There are three exoplanets orbiting it, one is classified as an Earth-sized planet, while the two others are mini-Neptunes.
HD 63433 c is a mini-Neptune exoplanet orbiting the Sun-like star HD 63433. It is the outermost planet in its planetary system, being located 0.1448 astronomical units (21,660,000 km) from its star, and completing one orbit every 21 days. Despite being the outermost planet in the system, it is still located close to its star, meaning that its temperature is hot, being estimated between 267 and 406 °C. HD 63433 c is about 2.7 times larger than Earth and 15.5 times more massive, but still smaller and less massive than Neptune. In 2022, a study showed that its atmosphere, made up of hydrogen, is being evaporated by the strong radiation from its star, causing it to slowly turn into a super-Earth planet.