HMS Calypso (D61)

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Calypso.

HMS Calypso
History
United Kingdom
Name	HMS Calypso
Builder	Hawthorn Leslie and Company
Laid down	17 February 1916
Launched	24 January 1917
Commissioned	21 June 1917
Identification	Pennant number: 24 (Jan 18); [1] 82 (Apr 18) 61 (Nov 19); I.61 (1936); D.61 (1940) [2]
Fate	Sunk 12 June 1940
General characteristics
Class and type	C-class light cruiser
Displacement	4,120 long tons (4,186 t) [3]
Length	450 ft (140 m)
Beam	42.9 ft (13.1 m)
Draught	14.3 ft (4.4 m)
Installed power	40,000  shp (30,000 kW)
Propulsion	2 × Brown-Curtis geared steam turbines 6 × Yarrow boilers 2 × shafts
Speed	29  kn (33 mph; 54 km/h)
Capacity	Fuel oil: 300 short tons (270 t) (normal); 935 short tons (848 t) (maximum)
Complement	344
Armament	5 × BL 6 in (150 mm) Mk XII guns, 2 × QF 3 inch 20 cwt anti-aircraft guns, 4 × QF 3-pounder guns, 1 × machine gun, 8 × 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes
Armour	Side: 3 in (7.6 cm) (amidships); 1.25–2.25 in (3.2–5.7 cm) (bow); 2–2.5 in (5.1–6.4 cm) (stern) Deck: 1 in (2.5 cm) (upper, amidships); 1 in (2.5 cm) (over rudder)

HMS Calypso (D61) was a C class cruiser of the Caledon sub-class of the Royal Navy, launched in 1917 and sunk in 1940 by the Italian submarine Alpino Bagnolini. Calypso was built by Hawthorn Leslie and Company. Her keel was laid down in February 1916 and she was completed in June 1917.

First World War

Calypso fought in the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight on 17 November 1917, when she and her sister ship Caledon were part of the force that intercepted Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial German Navy) minesweepers near the German coast. During the battle, Calypso's bridge was struck by a 5.9 in (150 mm) shell which killed everyone on the bridge including the captain and caused the accidental firing of a ready torpedo. ^{[4] [5]}

Interwar

Calypso went to the rescue of the Greek royal family in 1922 after King Constantine of Greece abdicated and a military dictatorship seized power. The King's brother, Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark was banished for life by a revolutionary court and was forced to flee with his family, which included his 18-month-old son Philip who would later become Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. ^[6] The British Government had received news of the situation, and dispatched Calypso to evacuate the family. They boarded with minimal possessions. Philip was carried on board in a cot made from an orange box. The family were taken to Brindisi, Italy, where they were put on a train to Paris.

On 2 November 1924, the destroyer HMS Venomous was steaming in the Grand Harbour upon returning to Valletta, Malta, from a cruise in the Western Mediterranean Sea when she accidentally rammed and sank a motorboat from Calypso. All four people aboard the motorboat were saved by a boat from the destroyer HMS Umpire. ^{[7] [8]}

Second World War

During the early part of the Second World War, Calypso served with the 7th Cruiser Squadron on Northern Patrol duty as a blockade ship in the North Sea between Scotland and Iceland. On 24 September 1939, Calypso intercepted the German merchant ship Minden south of Iceland. The crew of Minden scuttled their ship before she could be captured. On 22 November, Calypso captured the German merchant ship Konsul Hendrik Fisser off Iceland. Following the sinking of the Rawalpindi on 23 November, Calypso was involved in the search for the German warships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau. In early 1940, Calypso was sent to Alexandria in the eastern Mediterranean.

Calypso was the first British naval vessel to be sunk by the Regia Marina in the Second World War. Two days after Italy declared war on Great Britain, Calypso was on an anti-shipping patrol against Italian ships travelling to Libya when she was struck by a torpedo from the Italian submarine Alpino Bagnolini (Capitano di corvetta (Lieutenant Commander) Franco Tosoni Pittoni  [ it ]) about 50 mi (80 km) south of Cape Lithion in Crete in the Eastern Mediterranean at 00:59 on 12 June 1940. Thirty nine sailors from Calypso perished in the sinking. ^[9] The majority of her survivors were rescued by the destroyer Dainty and taken to Alexandria.

Notes

1. Colledge, J J (1972). British Warships 1914–1919. Shepperton: Ian Allan. p. 48.
2. Dodson, Aidan (2024). "The Development of the British Royal Navy's Pennant Numbers Between 1919 and 1940". Warship International. 61 (2): 134–66.
3. Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN   978-1-86176-281-8., p. 65
4. Grand Fleet Gunnery and Torpedo Orders, 530/1/5/1918, p. 36.
5. Newbolt, Henry (1931). History of the Great War: Naval Operations Vol. V, pp. 176
6. The Times (London), Monday 4 December 1922, p.12
7. holywellhousepublishing.co.uk A HARD FOUGHT SHIP: The story of HMS Venomous: What's New
8. "A Hard Fought Ship, The Story of HMS Venomous: The Grand Harbour, Valletta, 2 November 1924" . Retrieved 5 March 2018.
9. Playfair, Vol. I, pages 109–110.

Bibliography

• Admiral Aldo Cocchia (1956). Submarines Attacking. London: William Kimber and Company.
• Campbell, N.J.M. (1980). "Great Britain". In Chesneau, Roger (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. New York: Mayflower Books. pp. 2–85. ISBN   0-8317-0303-2.
• Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN   978-1-86176-281-8.
• Friedman, Norman (2010). British Cruisers: Two World Wars and After. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN   978-1-59114-078-8.
• Lenton, H. T. (1998). British & Empire Warships of the Second World War. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN   1-55750-048-7.
• Newbolt, Henry (1996). Naval Operations. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents. Vol. V (reprint of the 1931 ed.). Nashville, Tennessee: Battery Press. ISBN   0-89839-255-1.
• Playfair, Major-General I.S.O.; Molony, Brigadier C.J.C.; with Flynn, Captain F.C. (R.N.) & Gleave, Group Captain T.P. (2009) [1st. pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, Sir James (ed.). The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy, to May 1941. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN   978-1-84574-065-8.
• Campbell, N.J.M. (1980). "Great Britain". In Chesneau, Roger (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. New York: Mayflower Books. pp. 2–85. ISBN   0-8317-0303-2.
• Raven, Alan & Roberts, John (1980). British Cruisers of World War Two. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN   0-87021-922-7.
• Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two (Third Revised ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN   1-59114-119-2.
• Whitley, M. J. (1995). Cruisers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia. London: Cassell. ISBN   1-86019-874-0.

External links

• HMS Calypso at Uboat.net

34°03′N24°05′E / 34.050°N 24.083°E / 34.050; 24.083