Haemaphysalis concinna | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
Class: | Arachnida |
Order: | Ixodida |
Family: | Ixodidae |
Genus: | Haemaphysalis |
Species: | H. concinna |
Binomial name | |
Haemaphysalis concinna C. L. Koch, 1844 | |
Haemaphysalis concinna is a common rodent tick species that originally predominantly occurred in Russia and Eastern Europe, [1] but is also known from Japan, China, Germany and France. [2]
It is known to act as a vector of tickborne disease. [1]
Females reach a length of three to four mm, but can grow up to ten mm when engorged; males are about three mm long. An unfed nymph is under two mm long. There are more males than females. [2]
The tick can be found in the warm temperate climate zone of deciduous and mixed forests across Europe and Asia. It prefers moist habitats lake shores or river banks. [3] In China, it has been found in northeastern regions including Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, and Inner Mongolia. [4]
All three stages target different hosts, the eggs are laid on the ground. They mate on their host around April. [2]
Nymphs and larvae feed on small mammals such as rodents or hedgehogs, or on birds, reptiles, and humans. Adults prefer larger mammals, ranging from cats to horses, again including humans. [2]
H. concinna can act as a vector for Francisella tularensis (causing tularaemia), Rickettsia sibirica (Siberian tick typhus), Rickettsia heilongjiangensis (Far-Eastern spotted fever), Virus of Russian spring-summer encephalitis (RSSE) and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). [2] It is a likely vector of Wetland virus. [3]
Tick-borne diseases, which afflict humans and other animals, are caused by infectious agents transmitted by tick bites. They are caused by infection with a variety of pathogens, including rickettsia and other types of bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. The economic impact of tick-borne diseases is considered to be substantial in humans, and tick-borne diseases are estimated to affect ~80 % of cattle worldwide. Most of these pathogens require passage through vertebrate hosts as part of their life cycle. Tick-borne infections in humans, farm animals, and companion animals are primarily associated with wildlife animal reservoirs. Many tick-borne infections in humans involve a complex cycle between wildlife animal reservoirs and tick vectors. The survival and transmission of these tick-borne viruses are closely linked to their interactions with tick vectors and host cells. These viruses are classified into different families, including Asfarviridae, Reoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Bunyaviridae, and Flaviviridae.
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