Hair of the dog

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"Hair of the dog", short for "hair of the dog that bit you", is a colloquial expression in the English language predominantly used to refer to alcohol that is consumed as a hangover remedy (with the aim of lessening the effects of a hangover). Many other languages have their own phrase to describe the same concept. The idea may have some basis in science in the difference between ethanol and methanol metabolism.

Contents

Etymology

The expression originally referred to a method of treatment for a rabid dog bite by placing hair from the dog in the bite wound. [1] Ebenezer Cobham Brewer writes in the Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (1898): "In Scotland it is a popular belief that a few hairs of the dog that bit you applied to the wound will prevent evil consequences. Applied to drinks, it means, if overnight you have indulged too freely, take a glass of the same wine within 24 hours to soothe the nerves. 'If this dog do you bite, soon as out of your bed, take a hair of the tail the next day.'" He also cites two apocryphal poems containing the phrase, one of which is attributed to Aristophanes. It is possible that the phrase was used to justify an existing practice, as the idea of "like cures like" (Latin : similia similibus curantur ) dates back at least to the time of Hippocrates. The idea was also postulated by Pliny the elder, who wrote "“When a person has been bitten by a mad dog, he may be preserved from hydrophobia by applying the ashes of a dog’s head to the wound.” Likewise he claimed one could “insert in the wound ashes of hairs from the tail of the dog that inflicted the bite.” [2] It exists today as the basic postulate of classical homeopathy. In the 1930s cocktails known as Corpse Revivers were served in hotels. [3]

An early example of modern usage (poil de ce chien) can be found in Rabelais' 16th century pentalogy Gargantua and Pantagruel, [4] literally translated by Motteux in the late 17th century. [5]

In other languages

Europe

The phrase also exists in Hungarian, where the literal translation to English is "(You may cure) the dog's bite with its fur", but has evolved into a short phrase ("kutyaharapást szőrével") that is used frequently in other contexts when one is trying to express that the solution to a problem is more of the problem.

Among the Irish and Mexicans, the phrase 'The Cure' ("curarse la cruda", in Spanish) is often used instead of 'hair of the dog'. [6] It is used, often sarcastically, in the question "Going for a Cure?". In Portuguese, people speak of "a hit" (uma rebatida), meaning to strike away (the hangover with more alcohol).[ citation needed ]

In some Slavic languages (Polish, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovenian and Russian), hair of the dog is called "a wedge" (klin), mirroring the concept of dislodging a stuck wedge with another one; hence the popular Polish phrase "[to dislodge] a wedge [with] a wedge" – [wybijać] klin klinem – which is used figuratively both with regard to alcohol and in other contexts. In Bulgarian, the phrase is "Клин клин избива" (using the "wedge" metaphor common in other Slavic languages). The proper Russian term is опохмелка (opohmelka, "after being drunk"), which indicates a process of drinking to decrease effects of drinking the day before.[ citation needed ] In Estonia, the phrase used is "peaparandus", which literally translated is "head-repair".

A similar usage is encountered in Romanian, in the phrase "Cui pe cui se scoate" (A nail (fastener) pulls out a nail); in Italian, in the phrase "Chiodo scaccia chiodo"; [7] in Spanish, in the phrase "Un clavo saca otro clavo" (A nail pulls out another nail). In all three cases, the English translation is "a nail dislodges a nail", though these phrases are not exclusively used to refer to the hangover cure.[ citation needed ]

In German, drinking alcohol the next morning to relieve the symptoms is sometimes described as "having a counter-beer" (ein Konterbier trinken), [8] and in Japan, drinking alcohol in the morning after drinking too much is called 迎え酒 (mukae-zake), which roughly translates as "counter drinking". In Austria people talk about having a repair-beer (Reparatur-Seidl). [9]

The Dutch have also coined the portmanteaus "reparadler" and "reparipa", referring to Radler and IPA as repair beverages. The term "Morning-afterpils" is also used (where “pils” is beer).[ citation needed ]

In Norwegian, it is usually called "repareringspils", meaning a "beer to repair". In Czech, it is called "vyprošťovák" (extricator). In Swedish, drinking alcohol to relieve a hangover is called having an "återställare", which translates roughly to "restorer". In Danish, a beer the day after drinking, is called a "reparationsbajer", which translates to "repair beer". There is also a saying: "One must rise at the tree where one fell". Similarly, in Dutch, the term "reparatiebier" is frequently used, which also translates to "repair beer".

In Finnish, consuming alcohol the next day is called ”tasoittava” (smoothener, equalizer), ”loiventava” (leveller) or ”korjaussarja” (a repair kit). Also the phrase "Sillä se lähtee millä tulikin" that translates to "What caused it, will also cure it" describes the same concept. [10] [11]

In French, "soigner le mal par le mal" (cure evil with evil) refers to the ancient belief of fitting a disease with the same origins and is said in case of a hangover as you drink again.

In Icelandic, a hangover cure is called "Afréttari" translated "a straightener". If you are feeling hungover, the first drink will straighten you out or lift you back up to your normal state. Like a bent nail that needs to be fixed.

The Americas

In Costa Rica (Central America), the same expression is used but it refers to a pig, as in: hair of the same pig ("pelos de la misma chancha" in Central America) referring to the same method to cure the hangover.[ citation needed ] In Puerto Rico, drinking alcohol as a remedy for a hangover is called "matar al ratón", or "to kill the mouse".

Asia

The earliest known reference to the phrase "hair of the dog" in connection with drunkenness is found in a text from ancient Ugarit dating from the mid to late second millennium BC, in which the god ʾIlu becomes hungover after a drinking binge. The text includes a recipe for a salve to be applied to the forehead, which consists of "hairs of a dog" and parts of an unknown plant mixed with olive oil. [12]

In Korea, alcohol (typically soju) drunk in the morning to relieve hangovers is called "haejangsul" (해장술), which literally translates as "a drink that relieves the bowels." In China, alcohol drunk to relieve hangover is called "huíhúnjiǔ" (回魂酒), which literally translates to "the drink that brings back your soul". [13] In Japan, the equivalent phrase is “mukaezake” (迎え酒), which can be literally translated as “alcohol for facing (greeting) the next day.”

Africa

In Cape Afrikaans, drinking alcohol to cure a hangover (babbelas) is called "kopskiet", or "shot to the head". [14] In Tanzania, the equivalent Swahili phrase used is "kuzimua" which means "assist to wake up after a coma". The phrase also exists in (Sheng) Swahili Slang: In Kenya taking alcohol to relieve a hangover is called "kutoa lock", translated into "removing the lock".

Scientific background

There are at least two hypotheses as to how "hair of the dog" works. In the first, hangovers are described as the first stage of alcohol withdrawal, which is then alleviated by further alcohol intake. Although "...Low [ethanol] doses may effectively prevent alcohol withdrawal syndrome in surgical patients", [15] this idea is questionable as the signs and symptoms of hangover and alcohol withdrawal are very different. [16]

In the second, hangovers are partly attributed to methanol metabolism. [17] [18] Levels of methanol, present as a congener in alcohol, have been correlated with severity of hangover [19] [20] and methanol metabolism to the highly toxic formate via formaldehyde [21] coincides with the rate of appearance of hangover symptoms. [22] As both ethanol and methanol are metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase – and ethanol has a greater binding affinity for this enzyme than methanol [23] – drinking more of the former effectively prevents (or delays) the metabolism of the latter.

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. ↑ "Hair of the dog definition – Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms easily defined on MedTerms". Medterms.com. 2012-06-14. Retrieved 2014-03-23.
  2. ↑ "Hair of the Dog – Grammarphobia by Patricia T. O'Conner and Stewart Kellerman – Grammar, etymology, usage, and more, brought to you by Patricia T. O'Conner and Stewart Kellerman". grammarphobia.com. 31 December 2018. Retrieved 2024-04-08.
  3. ↑ "Corpse Reviver #2 Cocktail – The Cocktail Spirit with Robert Hess – Small Screen™ Cocktail Recipes, Bartending and Mixology and Cooking Videos". Smallscreennetwork.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2014-03-23.
  4. ↑ Rabelais (1823). La Vie de Gargantua et Pantagruel Book 5. p. Chapter XLVI.
  5. ↑ Rabelais (1694). Gargantua and Pantagruel Book 5. p. Chapter XLVI.
  6. ↑ "How to talk about alcohol in the Republic of Ireland". Stevenroyedwards.com. Retrieved 2014-03-23.
  7. ↑ "Chiodo scaccia chiodo" (in Italian). Accademia della Crusca. 11 April 2017.
  8. ↑ "Lindert ein Konterbier den Kater?" (in German). Der Spiegel. 30 December 2015.
  9. ↑ "Word of the Week: Reparaturseidel". Metropole – Vienna in English. 19 August 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  10. ↑ "korjaussarja - Urbaani Sanakirja" (in Finnish). Nixarn. 2008. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
  11. ↑ "Näin usean päivän juhliminen vaikuttaa maksaan - syy, miksi "tasoittava" on aina huono idea" (in Finnish). Sanoma Media Finland Oy. 2018. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
  12. ↑ Pardee, Dennis (1997). ʾIlu On A Toot (Context of Scripture 1.97). Leiden: Brill. pp. 304–5. ISBN   978-9004106185 . Retrieved November 7, 2014.
  13. ↑ "回魂酒有用嗎？醫：僅限於酒精成癮者". 健康醫療網. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  14. ↑ "Kaaps Afrikaans: Cape Flats Dictionary".
  15. ↑ Withdrawal Syndromes~treatment at eMedicine
  16. ↑ Wiese, Jeffrey G.; Shlipak, Michael G.; Browner, Warren S. (2000). "The Alcohol Hangover". Annals of Internal Medicine. 132 (11): 897–902. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-132-11-200006060-00008. PMID   10836917.
  17. ↑ Jones, A. W. (1987). "Elimination Half-life of Methanol During Hangover". Pharmacology & Toxicology. 60 (3): 217–20. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1987.tb01737.x. PMID   3588516.
  18. ↑ Calder, Ian (1997). "Hangovers: Not the ethanol—perhaps the methanol". BMJ. 314 (7073): 2–3. doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7073.2. PMC   2125562 . PMID   9001463.
  19. ↑ Chapman, Loring F. (1970). "Experimental induction of hangover". Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 5 (Suppl 5): 67–86. doi:10.15288/qjsas.1970.s5.067. PMID   5450666.
  20. ↑ Pawan, GL (1973). "Alcoholic drinks and hangover effects". The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 32 (1): 15A. PMID   4760771.
  21. ↑ Marx, Christopher J.; Van Dien, Stephen J.; Lidstrom, Mary E. (2005). "Flux Analysis Uncovers Key Role of Functional Redundancy in Formaldehyde Metabolism". PLOS Biology. 3 (2): e16. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030016 . PMC   539335 . PMID   15660163.
  22. ↑ Ylikahri RH, Huttunen M, Eriksson CJ, Nikkila EA. Metabolic studies on the pathogenesis of hangover. Eur J Clin Invest 1974;4:93–100
  23. ↑ Becker, C. E. (1983). "Methanol poisoning". The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 1 (1): 51–58. doi:10.1016/0736-4679(83)90009-4. PMID   6386968. S2CID   5051784.
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