Halodule pinifolia

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Halodule pinifolia
Halodule pinifolia (Miki) Hartog.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Alismatales
Family: Cymodoceaceae
Genus: Halodule
Species:
H. pinifolia
Binomial name
Halodule pinifolia
(Miki) Hartog

Halodule pinifolia is a species of seagrass in the genus Halodule . It is found in shallow sea waters in the western Pacific ocean. [2]

Contents

Distribution and habitat

Halodule pinifolia is a common seagrass in Asian tropical coasts. It forms homogenous patches in intertidal zones, or it is occasionally intermixed with other seagrasses such as Halodule uninervis . [3] Halodule pinifolia grows in sandy or muddy sand substrates from upper littoral to subtidal areas. It is ephemeral with rapid turn-over and high seed set and is well adapted to high levels of disturbance. This species is can grow rapidly and is a fast coloniser, often heavily epiphytised.[ citation needed ]

Halodule pinifolia has been studied at Laucala Bay on the island of Viti Levu, Fiji. [4]

Description

Compared with the closely related Halodule uninervis , Halodule pinifolia has a narrower blade size (1 mm versus 4 mm). [3] Its fine, delicate leaves are up to 20 cm long, with one black central vein that splits into two at the rounded leaf tip. It usually has a pale rhizome, with clean black leaf scars.[ citation needed ]

In Fiji, Halodule pinifolia was observed to undergo hydrophilous pollination, in which pollen disperses directly on the water surface. Prior to dehiscence [4] during low spring tides, the long filaments bearing the anthers become erect [5] above the mass of filiform leaves. Once exposed to air, the 32 mm long filaments burst, releasing a cotton-like mass of filiform pollen which assemble into floating rafts on the water surface. [5] [4] Halodule pinifolia was found to be strictly dioecious. [4]

Ecology

This species is known to be hybridized to Haloduleuninervis in Okinawa, Japan. [2]

References

  1. ↑ Short, F.T., Williams, S.L., Carruthers, T.J.R., Waycott, M., Kendrick, G.A., Fourqurean, J.W., Callabine, A., Kenworthy, W.J. & Dennison, W.C. (2010). "Halodule pinifolia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T173327A6991467. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T173327A6991467.en . Retrieved 18 January 2024.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. 1 2 Ito, Y., and Nr. Tanaka (2011) Hybridisation in a tropical seagrass genus, Halodule (Cymodoceaceae), inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA phylogenies Archived 2013-08-25 at archive.today . Telopea 13: 219-231.
  3. 1 2 Skelton, Posa A.; South, G. Robin (June 2006). "Seagrass biodiversity of the Fiji and Samoa islands, South Pacific" . New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 40 (2): 345–356. doi:10.1080/00288330.2006.9517426. ISSN   0028-8330.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Cox, Paul Alan; Knox, R. Bruce (1989). "Two-Dimensional Pollination in Hydrophilous Plants: Convergent Evolution in the Genera Halodule (cymodoceaceae), Halophila (hydrocharitaceae), Ruppia (ruppiaceae), and Lepilaena (zannichelliaceae)" . American Journal of Botany. 76 (2): 164–175. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1989.tb11299.x. ISSN   1537-2197.
  5. 1 2 Cox, Paul Alan (1988-11-01). "HYDROPHILOUS POLLINATION" . Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 19: 261–279. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.19.110188.001401. ISSN   1543-592X.


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