Halomonas

Last updated

Halomonas
Detached rusticles hires.jpg
Rusticles of the RMS Titanic containing H. titanicae
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Bacteria
Kingdom: Pseudomonadati
Phylum: Pseudomonadota
Class: Gammaproteobacteria
Order: Oceanospirillales
Family: Halomonadaceae
Genus: Halomonas
Vreeland et al. 1980 emend. Dobson and Franzmann 1996
Type species
Halomonas elongata
Species

See text

Halomonas is a genus of halophilic (salt-tolerating) bacteria. It grows over the range of 5 to 25% NaCl.[ citation needed ]

Contents

The type species of this genus is Halomonas elongata . [1]

Description

Members of Halomonas are Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria, generally 0.6-0.8 μm by 1.6-1.9 μm. [2] They move by using flagella. They grow in the presence of oxygen, although some have been reported to be able to grow without oxygen. When grown on an agar plate, they form white/yellow colonies that turn light brown over time. [2]

Ecology

Halomonas species have been found in a broad variety of saline environments, including estuaries, the ocean, and saline lakes. [2]

Species

Many species of Halomonas have been described: [3]

H. alimentaria
H. alkaliantarctica
H. alkaliphila
H. almeriensis
H. andesensis
H. anticariensis
H. aquamarina
H. arcis
H. axialensis
H. beimenensis
H. boliviensis
H. campaniensis
H. campisalis
H. caseinilytica
H. cerina
H. cibimaris
H. cupida
H. daqiaonensis
H. daqingensis
H. denitrificans
H. desiderata
H. elongata
H. eurihalina
H. flava
H. fontilapidosi
H. garicola
H. gomseomensis
H. gudaonensis
H. halmophila
H. halocynthiae
H. halodenitrificans
H. halophila
H. hamiltonii
H. heilongjiangensis
H. huangheensis
H. hydrothermalis
H. ilicicola
H. janggokensis
H. jeotgali
H. johnsoniae
H. kenyensis
H. koreensis
H. korlensis
H. kribbensis
H. lutea
H. lutescence
H. magadiensis
H. maura
H. meridiana
H. mongoliensis
H. muralis
H. nanhaiensis
H. neptunia
H. nitroreducens
H. olivaria
H. organivorans
H. pacifica
H. pantelleriensis
H. qiaohouensis
H. qijiaojingensis
H. ramblicola
H. rifensis
H. sabkhae
H. saccharevitans
H. salicampi
H. salifodinae
H. salina
H. sediminicola
H. shengliensis
H. sinaiensis
H. smyrnensis
H. songnenensis
H. stenophila
H. stevensii
H. subglaciescola
H. subterranea
H. sulfidaeris
H. taeanensis
H. titanicae
H. urumqiensis
H. variabilis
H. ventosae
H. venusta
H. vilamensis
H. xianhensis
H. xinjiangensis
H. zhangjiangensis
H. zincidurans

Pathogenic potential

Certain species of Halomonas may display pathogenic potential in humans. In one study, three species were isolated from two patients suffering bacteremia in a dialysis center. The study hypothesized that the bicarbonate used in the dialysis fluid may have been contaminated by the bacteria. [4]

Health

Halomonas sp. KM-1 is used for industrial production of β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB). [5]

Etymology

The name Halomonas derives from: Greek noun hals, halos (ἅλς, ἁλός), salt; and monas (μονάς), nominally meaning "a unit", but in effect meaning a bacterium; thus, salt (-tolerant) monad. [6]

Members of the genus Halomonas can be referred to as halomonads (see Trivialisation of names).

References

  1. Vreeland, R.H.; Litchfield, C.D.; Martin, E.L.; Elliot, E. (1980). "Halomonas elongata, a new genus and species of extremely salt-tolerant bacteria". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30 (2): 485–495. doi: 10.1099/00207713-30-2-485 .
  2. 1 2 3 Vreeland RH (2015). "Halomonas". In Whitman WB (ed.). Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. pp. 1–19. doi:10.1002/9781118960608.gbm01190. ISBN   9781118960608.
  3. Euzeby JP. "Halomonas". LPSN. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  4. Stevens, DA; Hamilton, JR; Johnson, N; Kim, KK; Lee, JS (July 2009). "Halomonas, a newly recognized human pathogen causing infections and contamination in a dialysis center: three new species" (PDF). Medicine (Baltimore). 88 (4): 244–9. doi:10.1097/MD.0b013e3181aede29. PMID   19593230. S2CID   36761419.
  5. Katsuya, Shohei; Kawata, Yoshikazu; Sugimoto, Masayuki; Nishimura, Taku; Tsubota, Jun (2024-08-26). "Determination of the safety of Halomonas sp. KM-1-derived d-β-hydroxybutyric acid and its fermentation-derived impurities in mice and Japanese adults". Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 88 (9): 1073–1080. doi: 10.1093/bbb/zbae088 . ISSN   1347-6947. PMID   38936830.
  6. Halomonas in LPSN ; Parte, Aidan C.; Sardà Carbasse, Joaquim; Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P.; Reimer, Lorenz C.; Göker, Markus (1 November 2020). "List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 70 (11): 5607–5612. doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 .