Halomonas

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Halomonas
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Rusticles of the RMS Titanic containing H. titanicae
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Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Pseudomonadota
Class: Gammaproteobacteria
Order: Oceanospirillales
Family: Halomonadaceae
Genus: Halomonas
Vreeland et al. 1980 emend. Dobson and Franzmann 1996
Type species
Halomonas elongata
Species

See text

Halomonas is a genus of halophilic (salt-tolerating) bacteria. It grows over the range of 5 to 25% NaCl.[ citation needed ]

Contents

The type species of this genus is Halomonas elongata . [1]

Description

Members of Halomonas are Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria, generally 0.6-0.8 μm by 1.6-1.9 μm. [2] They move by using flagella. They grow in the presence of oxygen, although some have been reported to be able to grow without oxygen. When grown on an agar plate, they form white/yellow colonies that turn light brown over time. [2]

Ecology

Halomonas species have been found in a broad variety of saline environments, including estuaries, the ocean, and saline lakes. [2]

Species

Many species of Halomonas have been described: [3]

H. alimentaria
H. alkaliantarctica
H. alkaliphila
H. almeriensis
H. andesensis
H. anticariensis
H. aquamarina
H. arcis
H. axialensis
H. beimenensis
H. boliviensis
H. campaniensis
H. campisalis
H. caseinilytica
H. cerina
H. cibimaris
H. cupida
H. daqiaonensis
H. daqingensis
H. denitrificans
H. desiderata
H. elongata
H. eurihalina
H. flava
H. fontilapidosi
H. garicola
H. gomseomensis
H. gudaonensis
H. halmophila
H. halocynthiae
H. halodenitrificans
H. halophila
H. hamiltonii
H. heilongjiangensis
H. huangheensis
H. hydrothermalis
H. ilicicola
H. janggokensis
H. jeotgali
H. johnsoniae
H. kenyensis
H. koreensis
H. korlensis
H. kribbensis
H. lutea
H. lutescence
H. magadiensis
H. maura
H. meridiana
H. mongoliensis
H. muralis
H. nanhaiensis
H. neptunia
H. nitroreducens
H. olivaria
H. organivorans
H. pacifica
H. pantelleriensis
H. qiaohouensis
H. qijiaojingensis
H. ramblicola
H. rifensis
H. sabkhae
H. saccharevitans
H. salicampi
H. salifodinae
H. salina
H. sediminicola
H. shengliensis
H. sinaiensis
H. smyrnensis
H. songnenensis
H. stenophila
H. stevensii
H. subglaciescola
H. subterranea
H. sulfidaeris
H. taeanensis
H. titanicae
H. urumqiensis
H. variabilis
H. ventosae
H. venusta
H. vilamensis
H. xianhensis
H. xinjiangensis
H. zhangjiangensis
H. zincidurans

Pathogenic potential

Certain species of Halomonas may display pathogenic potential in humans. In one study, three species were isolated from two patients suffering bacteremia in a dialysis center. The study hypothesized that the bicarbonate used in the dialysis fluid may have been contaminated by the bacteria. [4]

Etymology

The name Halomonas derives from: Greek noun hals, halos (ἅλς, ἁλός), salt; and monas (μονάς), nominally meaning "a unit", but in effect meaning a bacterium; thus, salt (-tolerant) monad. [5]

Members of the genus Halomonas can be referred to as halomonads (see Trivialisation of names).

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Halomonadaceae</span> Family of bacteria

Halomonadaceae is a family of halophilic Pseudomonadota.

Halomonas venusta is a Gram-negative halophilic Pseudomonadota, first described as Alcaligenes venustus and later reclassified as Halomonas venusta, along with other species when the genera Deleya, Halomonas, and Halovibrio and the species Paracoccus halodenitrificans were unified into a single genus, Halomonas, while the genus Zymobacter was placed in the family Halomonadaceae. The name stems from the Latin noun venusta which means "lovely" or "beautiful". It was originally isolated in marine water from Hawaii.

Acetohalobium is a genus in the phylum Bacillota (Bacteria).

Acidaminobacter is a genus in the phylum Bacillota (Bacteria).

Acidocella is a genus in the phylum Pseudomonadota (Bacteria). Its members are acidophilic.

Actinosynnema is a genus in the phylum Actinomycetota (Bacteria).

Adlercreutzia is a genus in the phylum Actinomycetota (Bacteria).

Advenella is a genus in the phylum Pseudomonadota (Bacteria). The two members of the genus Tetrathiobacter were transferred to this genus, namely Tetrathiobacter kashmirensis and Tetrathiobacter mimigardefordensis.

Agitococcus is a genus in the phylum Bacillota (Bacteria).

Daeguia is a genus in the phylum Pseudomonadota (Bacteria).

Dehalobacter is a genus in the phylum Bacillota (Bacteria).

Aidingimonas is a genus in the phylum Pseudomonadota (Bacteria).

Albimonas is a genus in the phylum Pseudomonadota (Bacteria).

Aliagarivorans is a genus in the phylum Pseudomonadota (Bacteria).

Alkalibacillus is a genus in the phylum Bacillota (Bacteria).

Alkalilimnicola is a genus in the phylum Pseudomonadota (Bacteria).

Croceitalea is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidota (Bacteria).

Croceicoccus is a genus in the phylum Pseudomonadota (Bacteria).

Nisaea is a genus in the phylum Pseudomonadota (Bacteria), which contains two species, namely N. denitrificans and N. nitritireducens, which were described in 2008.

Halomonas elongata is considered the type species of the genus Halomonas. It is a chemoorganotrophic, halophilic bacterium first isolated from a solar salt facility located in Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles.

References

  1. ↑ Vreeland, R.H.; Litchfield, C.D.; Martin, E.L.; Elliot, E. (1980). "Halomonas elongata, a new genus and species of extremely salt-tolerant bacteria". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30 (2): 485–495. doi: 10.1099/00207713-30-2-485 .
  2. 1 2 3 Vreeland RH (2015). "Halomonas". In Whitman WB (ed.). Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. pp. 1–19. doi:10.1002/9781118960608.gbm01190. ISBN   9781118960608.
  3. ↑ Euzeby JP. "Halomonas". LPSN. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  4. ↑ Stevens, DA; Hamilton, JR; Johnson, N; Kim, KK; Lee, JS (July 2009). "Halomonas, a newly recognized human pathogen causing infections and contamination in a dialysis center: three new species" (PDF). Medicine (Baltimore). 88 (4): 244–9. doi:10.1097/MD.0b013e3181aede29. PMID   19593230. S2CID   36761419.
  5. ↑ Halomonas entry in LPSN ; Euzéby, J.P. (1997). "List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 47 (2): 590–2. doi: 10.1099/00207713-47-2-590 . PMID   9103655.
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