Hammatoceras

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Hammatoceras
Temporal range: Toarcian [1]
Ammonitida - Hammatoceras porcarellense.JPG
Fossil of Geczyceras porcarellense. Museum specimen
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Cephalopoda
Subclass: Ammonoidea
Order: Ammonitida
Family: Hammatoceratidae
Subfamily: Hammatoceratinae
Genus: Hammatoceras
Hyatt, 1867

Hammatoceras is a genus of ammonites belonging to the family Hammatoceratidae which lived during the Toarcian stage of the Early/Lower Jurassic between about 184 and 175 million year ago. [1]

Contents

Taxonomy

Hammatoceras is included in the subfamily Hammatoceratinae, which in the outdated 1957 Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology was part of the Hammatoceratidae, but of the Phymatoceratidae in D.T. Donovan et al. In 1981, a case of what to base the family name on. Both accordingly contain the earlier Phytmatoceratinae and derived Hammatoceratinae. The superfamily Hammatoceratoidea in which the Hammatocaratidae and related families are currently placed is abandoned in favor of the older, equivalent, Hildoceratoidea. (M. K. Howarth. 2013)

Species

Species within this genus include: [2]

Fossil record

This genus is known in the fossil record in the Middle Jurassic, from 175.6 million years ago to about 171.6 million years ago. Fossil shells within this genus have been found in Canada, France, Germany, Hungary, Indonesia, Italy, Spain, Tunisia and the United Kingdom. [2]

Description

The shell of Hammatoceras varies from evolute to sub-involute, according to species and growth stage. All are compressed, i.e. discoidal, in form, with strong ribbing and a keeled ventor. Ribs arise from tubercles on the umbilical shoulder, the inner, dorso-lateral margin of the whorls, and bifurcate on the flanks, stopping at the ventral keel. Juvenile forms tend to be more evolute with more of the inner whorls showing, whereas mature forms tend to be more involute with outer whorls more strongly embracing.[ citation needed ]

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<i>Xipheroceras</i>

Xipheroceras is a Lower Jurassic ammonite belonging to the Eoderoceratidae, and sometimes placed in the subfamily Xipheroceratinae for which it is the namesake. It has been found in the upper Sinemurian of Europe and possibly Borneo.

Bifericeras is a Lower Jurassic ammonite belonging to the family Eoderoceratidae, and sometimes placed in the subfamily Xipherceratinae. Whorls are strongly depressed, but still evolute in coiling. The early growth state is prolonged, and smooth, followed by a late growth stage with rounded, straight, bituberculate ribs.

Zurcheria is a genus of dwarf ammonites from the Middle Jurassic included in the Hammatoceratidae and lacking a keel. The shell is evolute, inner whorls exposed; whorls compressed and slightly overlapping. Bears ribs, which are sinuous folds that project strongly onto the arched venter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ammonitina</span> Extinct suborder of ammonites

Ammonitina comprises a diverse suborder of ammonite cephalopods that lived during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods of the Mesozoic Era. They are excellent index fossils, and it is often possible to link the rock layer in which they are found to specific geological time periods.

Euaptetoceras is an evolute hildoceratoid ammonite from the lower Middle Jurassic, included in the family Hammatoceratidae and the subfamility Hammatoceratinae. The genus may be a junior synonym for Eudmetoceras of Buckman, 1920.

Dorsetensia is a narrowly coiled discoidal ammonite from the early Middle Jurassic, lower Bajocian, belonging to the family Sonniniidae of the superfamily Hildoceratoidea. The inner whorls are ribbed or smooth, outer whorl is smooth. The outer rim (venter) is narrow, with a keel running along the middle. The umbilicus, the opening in the middle of the shell exposing inner whorls, is of moderate size with a sharp, sometimes undercut edge.

Haplopleuroceras is a Middle Jurassic ammonite and likely member of the Hildoceratacean family Sonniniidae with which it shares the same sort of ribbing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Psiloceratoidea</span> Extinct superfamily of molluscs

Psiloceratoidea is a superfamily of Early Jurassic ammonoid cephalopods proposed by Hyatt in 1867, assigned to the order Ammonitida. They were very successful during Hettangian and Sinemurian. Last of them, family Cymbitidae and genera Hypoxynoticeras and Radstockiceras survived into Early Pliensbachian.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stephanoceratoidea</span> Extinct superfamily of molluscs

Stephanoceratoidea, formerly Stephanocerataceae, is a superfamily of middle- upper Jurassic ammonoid cephalopods within the order Ammonitida containing diverse forms, generally with sharp ribbing and complex suture lines. Aptychi are believed to be mostly granular (Granulaptycus) or concentrically ribbed on the surface (Praestriaptychus)

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eoderoceratidae</span> Extinct family of ammonites

Eoderoceratidae is the ancestral and most primitive family of the Eoderoceratoidea; lower Jurassic ammonite cephalopods, characterized by evolute, commonly serpenticonic, shells that had long body chambers and would have had no stable floating position; and thus resemble contemporary Psiloceratoidea. Spines, or tubercles, are typically found in two rows on the inner and outer parts of the whorl sides, joined by radial ribs. These are often more developed on the inner and middle whorls, becoming less so or absent on the outer. Sutures are highly complex.

Coeloceratidae is a family of ammonites belonging to the Eoderoceratoidea that lived during the Early Jurassic. Shells are evolute, tending to be broadly discoidal with depressed whorls bearing primary and secondary ribs that branch from outer lateral tubercles. Most of the included species have coronate inner whorls and outer tubercles only. In general, Coeloceratids resemble the Middle Jurassic Stephanoceras. Once regarded as the subfamily Coeloceratinae in the Eoderoceratidae, these ammonites are now given familial rank.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amaltheidae</span> Extinct family of molluscs

Amaltheidae is a family of eoderoceratoidean ammonitids from the Lower Jurassic consisting of genera characterised by stigated discoidal oxycones—narrow involute shells with narrowly rounded to angular venters that bear a series of grooves, or ridges, along broad flanks, which according to the Treatise L, 1957, evolved into strongly ribbed planulates with quadrate whorls, typically with crenulated keels; involving all together four genera.

Pachyceratidae is a family of Perisphinctoidean ammonites from the upper Middle - and lower Upper Jurassic. Genera within the Pachyceratidae have shells that are in general moderately involte but with most of the inner whorls exposed; whorl sections subquadrate to subtrapezoidal, with rounded venter. Ribbing is strong, in some sharp. Primary ribs typically branch above mid flanks into twos, threes, and even fours.

Crucilobiceras is an ammonoid cephalopod genus from the Lower Jurassic belonging to the eoderoceratoidean family Eoderoceratidae. Cruciliboceras has an evolute shell, such that all whorls are well exposed, with persistent radial ribbing and with spines or tubercles on the outer, ventral, rim, and in some, tubercles in the inner, umbilical, rim. The genus Crucilobiceras is commonly found along the Jurassic Coast of England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hildoceratidae</span> Extinct family of molluscs

Hildoceratidae is a family of ammonoid cephalopods from the Lower Jurassic, lower Pliensbachian to lower Bajocian substages, generally with strongly ribbed, involute shells. They are combined with the Hammatoceratidae, Graphoceratidae, and Sonniniidae to make up the Hildoceratoidea.

Hammatoceratoidea, formerly Hammatocerataceae was a superfamily of middle Jurassic ammonites erected by Schindewolf in 1964 that combined the families Graphoceratidae, Hammatoceratidae, and Sonniniidae. The three families were previously included in the Hildoceratoidea, however subsequent classifications have moved the families back into Hildoceratoidea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dactylioceratidae</span> Extinct family of ammonites

The family Dactylioceratidae comprises Early Jurassic ammonite genera with ribbed and commonly tuberculate shells that resembled later Middle Jurassic stephanoceratids and Upper Jurassic perisphinctids. Shells may be either evolute or involute.

<i>Harpoceras</i> Genus of molluscs (fossil)

Harpoceras is an extinct genus of ammonite belonging to the family Hildoceratidae. These cephalopods existed in the Jurassic period, during the Toarcian age from the Falciferum zone to the Commune subzone of the Bifrons zone. They were fast-moving nektonic carnivores.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hammatoceratidae</span> Extinct family of ammonites

Hammatoceratidae is a family of lower and middle Jurassic ammonites included in the superfamily Hildoceratoidea.

Cymbitidae is family of ammonite that lived during Sinemurian and Pliensbachian stages of Lower Jurassic. They have probably evolved from Arietitidae.

References

  1. 1 2 Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera (Cephalopoda entry)". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363: 1–560. Archived from the original on 2008-05-07. Retrieved 2017-10-18.
  2. 1 2 "Paleobiology Database - Hammatoceras" . Retrieved 2017-10-19.
  3. WMSDB – Worldwide Mollusc Species Database