Haplogroup R0

Last updated
Haplogroup R0
Possible time of origin23,600 to 54,900 YBP [1]
Possible place of origin Middle East
Ancestor R
DescendantsR0a, HV
Defining mutations73, 11719 [2]

Haplogroup R0 (formerly known as haplogroup pre-HV [3] ) is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Contents

Origin

Haplogroup R0 derives from the macro-haplogroup R. It is an ancestral clade to the R0a subclade and haplogroup HV, and is therefore antecedent to the haplogroups H and V.

R0's greater subclade variety in the Arabian Peninsula suggests that the clade originated in and spread from there.

R0a is believed to have evolved in Ice Age oases in South Arabia around 22,000 years ago. The subclade would then have spread from there with the onset of the Late Glacial period circa 15,000 ybp. [4]

Distribution

Haplogroup R0 has been found in around 55% of osteological remains belonging to the Eneolithic Trypillia culture. [5]

The R0 clade has also been found among Iberomaurusian specimens at the Taforalt and Afalou prehistoric sites, which date from the Epipaleolithic. Among the Taforalt individuals, around 17% of the observed haplotypes belonged to various R0 subclades, including R0a1a (3/24; 13%) and R0a2c (1/24; 4%). Among the Afalou individuals, one R0a1a haplotype was detected (1/9; 11%). [6]

R0 has likewise been observed among mummies excavated at the Abusir el-Meleq archaeological site in Middle Egypt, which date from the Pre-Ptolemaic/late New Kingdom, Ptolemaic, and Roman periods. [7]

The 3rd century AD Catholic Church Saint, Fortunato of Serracapriola, was also found to carry the R0a'b subclade.[ citation needed ]

R0 today occurs commonly in the Arabian peninsula, with its highest frequency observed nearby among the Soqotri (40.7%). [8] The Soqotri also have the greatest R0 subclade diversity. [9] The clade is likewise found at high frequencies among the Kalash in South Asia (23%). [10] Additionally, moderate frequencies of R0 occur in Northeast Africa, Anatolia, the Iranian Plateau and Dalmatia. The haplogroup has been observed among Chad Arabs (19%), [11] Sudanese Copts (13.8%), [12] Tigrais (13.6%), [8] Somalis (13.3%), [8] Oromos (13.3%), [8] Afar (12.5%), [8] Amhara (11.5%), [8] Gurage (10%), [8] Reguibate Sahrawi (9.26%; 0.93% R0a and 8.33% R0a1a), [13] Gaalien (9%), [12] Beja (8.3%), [12] Nubians (8%), [8] Arakien (5.9%), [12] Yemenis (5.1–27.7%), [8] Iraqis (4.8%), [8] Druze (4.3%), [8] Palestinians (4%), [8] Algerians (1.67%), [13] and Saudis (0–25%). [8]

Subclades

Tree

Phylogenetic tree of haplogroup R0 subclades Phylogeny of mtDNA haplogroup R0.png
Phylogenetic tree of haplogroup R0 subclades
Projected spatial frequency distribution of haplogroup R0a. Most common in the Arabian Peninsula, with a peak in nearby Socotra (~40%; see observed frequencies above) Spatial frequency distribution maps of mtDNA haplogroup R0a.png
Projected spatial frequency distribution of haplogroup R0a. Most common in the Arabian Peninsula, with a peak in nearby Socotra (~40%; see observed frequencies above)

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup R0 subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation [2] and subsequent published research.

See also

Phylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups

  Mitochondrial Eve (L)  
L0 L1–6 
L1 L2   L3    L4 L5 L6
M N  
CZ D E G Q   O A S R   I W X Y
C Z B F R0   pre-JT   P   U
HV JT K
H V J T

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup</span> Group of similar haplotypes

A haplotype is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent, and a haplogroup is a group of similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor with a single-nucleotide polymorphism mutation. More specifically, a haplotype is a combination of alleles at different chromosomal regions that are closely linked and that tend to be inherited together. As a haplogroup consists of similar haplotypes, it is usually possible to predict a haplogroup from haplotypes. Haplogroups pertain to a single line of descent. As such, membership of a haplogroup, by any individual, relies on a relatively small proportion of the genetic material possessed by that individual.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup J-M172</span> Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

In human genetics, Haplogroup J-M172 or J2 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup which is a subclade (branch) of haplogroup J-M304. Haplogroup J-M172 is common in modern populations in Western Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, Southern Europe, Northwestern Iran and North Africa. It is thought that J-M172 may have originated in the Caucasus, Anatolia and/or Western Iran.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup J (Y-DNA)</span> Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Haplogroup J-M304, also known as J, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is believed to have evolved in Western Asia. The clade spread from there during the Neolithic, primarily into North Africa, the Horn of Africa, the Socotra Archipelago, the Caucasus, Europe, Anatolia, Central Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.

Haplogroup K, formerly Haplogroup UK, is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is defined by the HVR1 mutations 16224C and 16311C. It is now known that K is a subclade of U8.

Haplogroup T is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is believed to have originated around 25,100 years ago in the Near East.

Haplogroup V is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. The clade is believed to have originated over 14,000 years ago in Southwestern Europe.

Haplogroup HV is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Haplogroup U is a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup (mtDNA). The clade arose from haplogroup R, likely during the early Upper Paleolithic. Its various subclades are found widely distributed across Northern and Eastern Europe, Central, Western and South Asia, as well as North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and the Canary Islands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup R (mtDNA)</span> Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup

Haplogroup R is a widely distributed human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. Haplogroup R is associated with the peopling of Eurasia after about 70,000 years ago, and is distributed in modern populations throughout the world outside of sub-Saharan Africa.

Haplogroup L2 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup with a widespread modern distribution, particularly in Subequatorial Africa. Its L2a subclade is a somewhat frequent and widely distributed mtDNA cluster on the continent, as well as among those in the Americas.

Haplogroup W is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Haplogroup I is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is believed to have originated about 21,000 years ago, during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) period in West Asia. The haplogroup is unusual in that it is now widely distributed geographically, but is common in only a few small areas of East Africa, West Asia and Europe. It is especially common among the El Molo and Rendille peoples of Kenya, various regions of Iran, the Lemko people of Slovakia, Poland and Ukraine, the island of Krk in Croatia, the department of Finistère in France and some parts of Scotland and Ireland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup</span> Haplogroup defined by differences in human mitochondrial DNA

In human genetics, a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by differences in human mitochondrial DNA. Haplogroups are used to represent the major branch points on the mitochondrial phylogenetic tree. Understanding the evolutionary path of the female lineage has helped population geneticists trace the matrilineal inheritance of modern humans back to human origins in Africa and the subsequent spread around the globe.

Haplogroup JT is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Haplogroup pre-JT is a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup (mtDNA). It is also called R2'JT.

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup L6 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is a small African haplogroup.

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup H5 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup descended from Haplogroup H (mtDNA). H5 is defined by T16304C in the HVR1 region and 456 in the HVR2 region.

Haplogroup H is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. The clade is believed to have originated in Southwest Asia, near present day Syria, around 20,000 to 25,000 years ago. Mitochondrial haplogroup H is today predominantly found in Europe, and is believed to have evolved before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). It first expanded in the northern Near East and Southern Caucasus, and later migrations from Iberia suggest that the clade reached Europe before the Last Glacial Maximum. The haplogroup has also spread to parts of Africa, Siberia and Inner Asia. Today, around 40% of all maternal lineages in Europe belong to haplogroup H.

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup K1a1b1a is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Genetic studies on Arabs refers to the analyses of the genetics of ethnic Arab people in the Middle East and North Africa. Arabs are genetically diverse as a result of their intermarriage and mixing with indigenous people of the pre-Islamic Middle East and North Africa following the Arab and Islamic expansion. Genetic ancestry components related to the Arabian Peninsula display an increasing frequency pattern from west to east over North Africa. A similar frequency pattern exist across northeastern Africa with decreasing genetic affinities to groups of the Arabian Peninsula along the Nile river valley across Sudan and the more they go south. This genetic cline of admixture is dated to the time of Arab expansion and immigration to North Africa (Maghreb) and northeast Africa.

References

  1. ↑ Soares, P; Ermini, L; Thomson, N; Mormina, M; Rito, T; Röhl, A; Salas, A; Oppenheimer, S; et al. (2009). "Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock". American Journal of Human Genetics. 84 (6): 740–59. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.05.001. PMC   2694979 . PMID   19500773.
  2. 1 2 van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation. 30 (2): E386–E394. doi: 10.1002/humu.20921 . PMID   18853457. S2CID   27566749.
  3. ↑ Haplogroup H Sub-clades, Family Tree DNA
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Francesca Gandini; Alessandro Achilli; Maria Pala; Martin Bodner; Stefania Brandini; Gabriela Huber; Balazs Egyed; Luca Ferretti; Alberto Gómez-Carballa; Antonio Salas; Rosaria Scozzari; Fulvio Cruciani; Alfredo Coppa; Walther Parson; Ornella Semino; Pedro Soares; Antonio Torroni; Martin B. Richards; Anna Olivieri (5 May 2016). "Mapping human dispersals into the Horn of Africa from Arabian Ice Age refugia using mitogenomes". Scientific Reports. 6: 25472. Bibcode:2016NatSR...625472G. doi:10.1038/srep25472. PMC   4857117 . PMID   27146119.
  5. ↑ Nikitin, Alexey G.; Sokhatsky, Mykhailo P.; Kovaliukh, Mykola M.; Videiko, Mykhailo Y. (14 April 2011). "Comprehensive Site Chronology and Ancient Mitochondrial DNA Analysis from Verteba Cave – a Trypillian Culture Site of Eneolithic Ukraine" (PDF). Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica - Natural Sciences in Archaeology (1–2). Archaeological Centre Olomouc, Government Funded Organisation: 9–18. doi: 10.24916/iansa.2011.1.1 . Retrieved 14 May 2013.
  6. ↑ Kefi, Rym; et al. (2018). "On the origin of Iberomaurusians: new data based on ancient mitochondrial DNA and phylogenetic analysis of Afalou and Taforalt populations". Mitochondrial DNA Part A. 29 (1): 147–157. doi:10.1080/24701394.2016.1258406. PMID   28034339. S2CID   4490910.
  7. ↑ Schuenemann, Verena J.; et al. (2017). "Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods". Nature Communications. 8: 15694. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815694S. doi:10.1038/ncomms15694. PMC   5459999 . PMID   28556824.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Non, Amy (2010). Analyses of Genetic Data Within An Interdisciplinary Framework to Investigate Recent Human Evolutionary History and Complex Disease (PDF) (PhD dissertation). University of Florida. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
  9. ↑ Černý, Viktor; et al. (2009). "Out of Arabia—the settlement of island Soqotra as revealed by mitochondrial and Y chromosome genetic diversity" (PDF). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 138 (4): 439–447. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20960. PMID   19012329. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  10. ↑ Quintana-Murci L, et al. (2004). "Where West Meets East: The Complex mtDNA Landscape of the Southwest and Central Asian Corridor" (PDF). American Journal of Human Genetics. 74 (5): 827–45. doi:10.1086/383236. PMC   1181978 . PMID   15077202. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-11-23. Retrieved 2009-08-23.
  11. ↑ Cerezo, María; et al. (2011). "New insights into the Lake Chad Basin population structure revealed by high-throughput genotyping of mitochondrial DNA coding SNPs". PLOS ONE. 6 (4): e18682. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...618682C. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.291.8871 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018682 . PMC   3080428 . PMID   21533064.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Mohamed, Hisham Yousif Hassan. "Genetic Patterns of Y-chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Variation, with Implications to the Peopling of the Sudan". University of Khartoum. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  13. 1 2 Asmahan Bekada; Lara R. Arauna; Tahria Deba; Francesc Calafell; Soraya Benhamamouch; David Comas (September 24, 2015). "Genetic Heterogeneity in Algerian Human Populations". PLOS ONE. 10 (9): e0138453. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1038453B. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138453 . PMC   4581715 . PMID   26402429.; S5 Table
  14. 1 2 3 Viktor Černý; Connie J. Mulligan; Verónica Fernandes; et al. (January 2011). "Internal diversification of mitochondrial haplogroup R0a reveals post-last glacial maximum demographic expansions in South Arabia". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 28: 71–78. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq178. PMID   20643865.
  15. ↑ GenBank Accession number:  HM185263.1
  16. ↑ GenBank Accession number:  KP407023.1
  17. ↑ GenBank Accession number:  KX499665.1
  18. ↑ Muhammad Hassan Siddiqi; Allah Rakha; Khushbukhat Khan; Tanveer Akhtar (2021). "Current pool of ultimate collection of mitochondrial DNA from remnants of Kalash". Mitochondrial DNA Part B. 6 (8): 2412 (Table 1). doi:10.1080/23802359.2021.1952119. PMC   8284132 . PMID   34345711.
  19. ↑ GenBank Accession number:  KM245132.1
  20. ↑ Fatma A. Aljasmi; Ranjit Vijayan; Naganeeswaran Sudalaimuthuasari; Abdul-Kader Souid; et al. (August 2020). "Genomic Landscape of the Mitochondrial Genome in the United Arab Emirates Native Population". Genes. 11 (8): 876. doi: 10.3390/genes11080876 . PMC   7464197 . PMID   32752197.
  21. ↑ GenBank Accession number:  KP407060.1
  22. ↑ GenBank Accession number:  KP407059.1
  23. ↑ Fatma A. Aljasmi; Ranjit Vijayan; Naganeeswaran Sudalaimuthuasari; Abdul-Kader Souid; et al. (August 2020). "Genomic Landscape of the Mitochondrial Genome in the United Arab Emirates Native Population". Genes. 11 (8): 876. doi: 10.3390/genes11080876 . PMC   7464197 . PMID   32752197.
  24. ↑ GenBank Accession number:  KP407061.1
  25. ↑ GenBank Accession number:  HM185243.1
  26. ↑ GenBank Accession number:  HM185246.1
  27. ↑ GenBank Accession number:  KY410137.1
  28. ↑ GenBank Accession number:  HM185244.1
  29. ↑ Brook, Kevin Alan (2022). The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews. Academic Studies Press. p. 86. ISBN   978-1644699843.
  30. ↑ Joana F. Ferragut; Cristian Ramon; Jose A. Castro; António Amorim; L. Alvarez; A. Picornell (8 December 2020). "Middle Eastern genetic legacy in the paternal and maternal gene pools of Chuetas". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 21428. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1021428F. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-78487-9. hdl: 10216/145245 . PMC   7722846 . PMID   33293675.
  31. ↑ GenBank Accession number:  ON155501.1
  32. ↑ Brook, Kevin Alan (2022). The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews. Academic Studies Press. p. 87. ISBN   978-1644699843.
  33. ↑ Brook, Kevin Alan (2022). The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews. Academic Studies Press. pp. 86–87. ISBN   978-1644699843.
  34. ↑ GenBank Accession number:  OR678686.1
  35. ↑ Brook, Kevin Alan (2022). The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews. Academic Studies Press. p. 87. ISBN   978-1644699843.
  36. ↑ GenBank Accession number:  KP407062.1
  37. ↑ GenBank Accession number:  MK217175.1
  38. ↑ Khushbukhat Khan; Muhammad Hassan Siddiqi; et al. (February 2020). "Mitochondrial DNA control region variants analysis in Balti population of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan". Meta Gene. 23. doi:10.1016/j.mgene.2019.100630. S2CID   209561126.
  39. ↑ GenBank Accession number:  KP407063.1
  40. ↑ GenBank Accession number:  KP407064.1
  41. ↑ GenBank Accession number:  HM185223.1
  42. ↑ GenBank Accession number:  KC911556.1
  43. ↑ GenBank Accession number:  KY797195.1
  44. ↑ GenBank Accession number:  KP407075.1
  45. ↑ Brook, Kevin Alan (2022). The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews. Academic Studies Press. pp. 88–89. ISBN   978-1644699843.
  46. ↑ GenBank Accession number:  KT272407.1
  47. ↑ GenBank Accession number:  KT272406.1
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.