| Hedbergia decurva | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Orobanchaceae |
| Tribe: | Rhinantheae |
| Genus: | Hedbergia |
| Species: | H. decurva |
| Binomial name | |
| Hedbergia decurva A. Fleischm. & Heubl [1] | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Hedbergia decurva, formerly Bartsia decurva, is a hemiparasitic species of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. [2] [1]
Hedbergia decurva is a shrub covered in sticky glandular hairs and few non-glandular hairs. It reaches 50–200 cm (20–79 in) in height, having thin, woody, upright, sparsely branching stems. The mostly upright, narrowly ovate seated leaves of 8–36 mm (0.31–1.42 in) long, have rounded teeth along the margins that are mostly rolled downwards, and are set in opposite pairs. The shortly stalked flowers are set in a raceme towards the tip of the stems in the axils of leaflike bracts. The sepals are merged into a calyx with 4 lobes with deeper incisions on the midline and shallower incisions left and right. The yellow to yellowish brown petals are merged into a stongly mirror-symmetric corolla, with a long, in the upper part distinctly curved tube, topped by a helmet-shaped upper lip that encloses the anthers and a spreading, three-lobed lower lip that has two bulges in front of the throat of the tube. The filaments of the 4 stamens have largely merged with the upper lip of the corolla and are topped by shaggy anthers that each have 2 district spines at their lower end. The style is on top of a shaggy ovary and tipped by a club-shaped stigma. The narrowly elliptical seeds are 0.6–1.9 mm (0.024–0.075 in) long, with several ribs along their length. The species probably has 14 pairs of homologous chromosomes (2n=28). [3]
Hedbergia decurva can be distinguished in having a curved upper corolla tube and spines on the lower end of the anthers, whereas Hedbergia longiflora has a straight corolla tube and acute but not spined anthers. [3]
Hedbergia decurva occurs in the high mountains of Ethiopia, eastern Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania, above approximately 2,500 m (1.6 mi) where it grows in ericaceous and alpine vegetations. [3]
The phylogeny of the genera of Rhinantheae has been explored using molecular characters. [1] [4] [5] [6] [7] Hedbergia decurva groups with Hedbergia longiflora and Hedbergia abyssinica into a Hedbergia clade nested within the core Rhinantheae. These three taxa share evolutionary affinities with genera Tozzia , Bellardia , Neobartsia , Parentucellia , and Odontites .
| Genus-level cladogram of tribe Rhinantheae. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| The cladogram has been reconstructed from nuclear DNA (ribosomal ITS) and plastid DNA (rps16 intron, trnK, and other regions) molecular characters. [5] [7] [1] [4] [6] |
The order Lamiales are an order in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes about 23,810 species, 1,059 genera, and is divided into about 25 families. These families include Acanthaceae, Bignoniaceae, Byblidaceae, Calceolariaceae, Carlemanniaceae, Gesneriaceae, Lamiaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Linderniaceae, Martyniaceae, Mazaceae, Oleaceae, Orobanchaceae, Paulowniaceae, Pedaliaceae, Peltantheraceae, Phrymaceae, Plantaginaceae, Plocospermataceae, Schlegeliaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Stilbaceae, Tetrachondraceae, Thomandersiaceae, Verbenaceae.
Lathraea (toothwort) is a small genus of five to seven species of flowering plants, native to temperate Europe and Asia. They are parasitic plants on the roots of other plants, and are completely lacking chlorophyll. They are classified in the family Orobanchaceae.
Geraniaceae is a family of flowering plants placed in the order Geraniales. The family name is derived from the genus Geranium. The family includes both the genus Geranium and the garden plants called geraniums, which modern botany classifies as genus Pelargonium, along with other related genera.
Odontites is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae.
Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Many of these genera were formerly included in the family Scrophulariaceae sensu lato. With its new circumscription, Orobanchaceae forms a distinct, monophyletic family. From a phylogenetic perspective, it is defined as the largest crown clade containing Orobanche major and relatives, but neither Paulownia tomentosa nor Phryma leptostachya nor Mazus japonicus.
Euphrasia, or eyebright, is a genus of about 215 species of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae, with a cosmopolitan distribution. They are hemiparasitic on grasses and other plants. Both the common and generic names refer to the plant's use in a lotion for treating eye infections, with Euphrasia literally meaning 'good-cheer'.
Melampyrum is a genus of about 20 species of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae known commonly as cow wheat. They are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They are hemiparasites on other plants, obtaining water and nutrients from host plants, though some are able to survive on their own without parasitising other plants.
Rhinanthus is a genus of annual hemiparasitic herbaceous plants in the family Orobanchaceae, formerly classified in the family Scrophulariaceae. Its species are commonly known as rattles. The genus consists of about 30 to 40 species found in Europe, northern Asia, and North America, with the greatest species diversity in Europe.
Bartsia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae.
Graderia is a genus of plants in the family Orobanchaceae, which is native to Africa and Socotra. It belongs to the tribe Buchnereae. It is a hemiparasitic taxon.
Bellardia trixago is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae. It was formerly classified in the family Scrophulariaceae. The only member of the monotypic genus Bellardia, it is known as trixago bartsia or Mediterranean lineseed. This plant is native to the Mediterranean Basin, but it is known in other places with similar climates, such as California and parts of Chile, where it is an introduced species and noxious weed.
Parentucellia is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae containing about four species. They are known generally as glandweeds. The genus was named for Pope Nicholas V, whose surname was Parentucelli.
Parentucellia viscosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae known by the common names yellow bartsia and yellow glandweed. It is native to Europe, but it can be found on other continents, including Australia and North America, as an introduced species.
Cycnium tubulosum, also known as the vlei ink-flower and the tissue paper flower, is a slender hemiparasitic perennial plant of the broomrape family. Its range includes much of southern and eastern Africa, from South Africa to Ethiopia, including Madagascar. It has creeping, straggling or upright stems, with few narrow, entire leaves and erect, white or pinkish, slightly zygomorph flowers on a long tube, with five lobes, reminiscent of a Phlox-flower. It may not always be fully dependent on the supply of minerals by other plants, but usually makes connections with the roots of grasses. It can be found in moist, short grasslands, reaching altitudes of about 1,550 m (5,090 ft). Its conservation status in South-Africa is "least concern".
Rhinantheae is a tribe with fewer than 20 genera of herbaceous plants in the family Orobanchaceae.
Rhynchocorys is a small genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Orobanchaceae. It was formerly classified in the family Scrophulariaceae.
Tozzia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants within the broomrape family Orobanchaceae. It contains a unique species, Tozzia alpina.
Hedbergia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants, initially classified in Scrophulariaceae, and now within the broomrape family Orobanchaceae. It contains a unique species, Hedbergia abyssinica. It is an afromontane genus, widespread in grasslands and scrubs of the mountains of tropical Africa, and known from Ethiopia, Zaire, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Nigeria, and Cameroons.
Hedbergia longiflora, formerly Bartsia longiflora, is a species of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae.
Ourisia macrophylla subsp. lactea is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Lucy Moore described O. macrophylla var. lactea in 1961, and Heidi Meudt changed the rank to subspecies in 2006. Plants of this subspecies of New Zealand foxglove are showy, perennial, large-leaved, tufted, rhizomatous herbs that are often hairy with non-glandular or glandular hairs. They have crenate, ovate to heart-shaped leaves. The flowers are in whorls in each node, with a regular calyx, and a large, white irregular corolla. The calyx and floral bracts have glandular hairs. The corolla tube is yellow with three lines of yellow hairs inside. It is found in montane to subalpine habitats and is listed as Not Threatened.
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