Bartsia

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Bartsia
Bartsia alpina a3.jpg
Bartsia alpina
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Orobanchaceae
Tribe: Rhinantheae
Genus: Bartsia
L.
Bartsia trixago (synonym of Bellardia trixago) Bartsia trixago Monacia Corse.jpg
Bartsia trixago (synonym of Bellardia trixago)
Bartsia chilensis (basionym of Neobartsia chilensis) Bartsia chilensis.jpg
Bartsia chilensis (basionym of Neobartsia chilensis)

Bartsia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae.

Contents

Bartsia grows in damp places, such as marshes and wet meadows, in several parts of the west of England and Wales and in southwest Scotland. [1]

Etymology

Bartsia was named after Johann Bartsch (Latinized as Johannes Bartsius, 1709-1738), a botanist of Königsberg. The plant was named for him by his associate Carl Linnaeus, and the genus has been sometimes spelt as Bartschia. [2]

Starbia, an anagram of Bartsia, is another genus of Orobanchaceae, synonym of Alectra . [3]

Phylogeny

The phylogeny of the genera of Rhinantheae has been explored using molecular characters. [4] [5] Bartsia belongs to the core Rhinantheae. Bartsia sensu stricto (e.g. B. alpina ) is the sister genus to Odontites , Bellardia , Tozzia , Hedbergia , and Euphrasia .

Genus-level cladogram of tribe Rhinantheae.
   Rhinantheae   
         

  Melampyrum  

         

  Rhynchocorys  

         

  Lathraea

  Rhinanthus

  Core Rhinantheae  
         

  Bartsia sensu stricto ( Bartsia alpina )

         

  Euphrasia

         

  Tozzia

  Hedbergia
  (including Bartsia decurva + B. longiflora )

         

  Bellardia

         

  Neobartsia
(New World Bartsia)

  Parentucellia

  Odontites sensu lato
  (including Bornmuellerantha
  and Bartsiella )

The cladogram has been reconstructed from nuclear and plastid DNA molecular characters (ITS, rps16 intron and trnK region). [4] [5]

Classification

In 1990, the genus was revised to contain 49 species; 45 of them are endemic to the Andes. [6] The most familiar species might be the well-studied Bartsia alpina , which has a circumboreal distribution, occurring throughout northern regions of the Northern Hemisphere. [7] There are also two afromontane species, restricted to the mountains of northeastern Africa: Bartsia decurva and Bartsia longiflora. These two plants, B. alpina, and the many Andean species are three distinct lineages, making the genus polyphyletic. [8] [5] [9]

As a solution to the problem of Bartsia polyphyly, two taxonomic adjustments have been proposed.

  1. All South American species are reclassified into the new genus Neobartsia. [9] This new name keeps traceability with Bartsia while incorporating information about its New World distribution (in ancient Greek, νέος , i.e. néos, means 'new').
  2. The two African species Bartsia decurva and Bartsia longiflora are reclassified into the existing genus Hedbergia. [5]

Accepted species names include the following taxa classified according to geographic distribution groups. [10] [9]

Europe

Mediterranean Basin

Northeastern Africa

Andean South America

Related Research Articles

<i>Lathraea</i> Genus of flowering plants in the broomrape family

Lathraea (toothwort) is a small genus of five to seven species of flowering plants, native to temperate Europe and Asia. They are parasitic plants on the roots of other plants, and are completely lacking chlorophyll. They are classified in the family Orobanchaceae.

<i>Odontites</i> Genus of flowering plants in the broomrape family

Odontites is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orobanchaceae</span> Family of flowering plants known as broomrapes

Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Many of these genera were formerly included in the family Scrophulariaceae sensu lato. With its new circumscription, Orobanchaceae forms a distinct, monophyletic family. From a phylogenetic perspective, it is defined as the largest crown clade containing Orobanche major and relatives, but neither Paulownia tomentosa nor Phryma leptostachya nor Mazus japonicus.

<i>Euphrasia</i> Genus of plants knowns as eyebrights

Euphrasia, or eyebright, is a genus of about 450 species of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae, with a cosmopolitan distribution. They are hemiparasitic on grasses and other plants. The common name refers to the plant's use in treating eye infections.

<i>Melampyrum</i> Genus of flowering plants in the broomrape family Orobanchaceae

Melampyrum is a genus of about 20 species of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae known commonly as cow wheat. They are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They are hemiparasites on other plants, obtaining water and nutrients from host plants, though they are able to survive on their own without parasitising other plants.

<i>Calceolaria</i> Genus of flowering plants

Calceolaria, also called lady's purse, slipper flower and pocketbook flower, or slipperwort, is a genus of plants in the family Calceolariaceae, sometimes classified in Scrophulariaceae by some authors. This genus consists of about 388 species of shrubs, lianas and herbs, and the geographical range extends from Patagonia to central Mexico, with its distribution centre in Andean region. Calceolaria species have usually yellow or orange flowers, which can have red or purple spots. The Calceolaria Herbeohybrida group, also called C. herbeohybrida Voss, is a group of ornamental hybrids known only in cultivation, called florists' slipperwort.

<i>Rhinanthus</i> Genus of flowering plants in the broomrape family

Rhinanthus is a genus of annual hemiparasitic herbaceous plants in the family Orobanchaceae, formerly classified in the family Scrophulariaceae. Its species are commonly known as rattles. The genus consists of about 30 to 40 species found in Europe, northern Asia, and North America, with the greatest species diversity in Europe.

Neobartsia alba, formerly Bartsia alba, is a species of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.

Neobartsia pumila, formerly Bartsia pumila, is a species of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.

<i>Bellardia trixago</i> Species of flowering plants in the broomrape family

Bellardia trixago is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae. The only member of the monotypic genus Bellardia, it is known as trixago bartsia or Mediterranean lineseed. This plant is native to the Mediterranean Basin, but it is known in other places with similar climates, such as California and parts of Chile, where it is an introduced species and noxious weed.

<i>Parentucellia</i> Genus of flowering plants in the broomrape family

Parentucellia is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae containing about four species. They are known generally as glandweeds. The genus was named for Pope Nicholas V, whose surname was Parentucelli.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhinantheae</span> Tribe of flowering plants in the broomrape family Orobanchaceae

Rhinantheae is a tribe with less than 20 genera of herbaceous plants in the family Orobanchaceae.

<i>Rhynchocorys</i> Genus of flowering plants in the broomrape family

Rhynchocorys is a small genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Orobanchaceae, formerly classified in the family Scrophulariaceae. It is native to Europe, Morocco and Algeria.

<i>Tozzia</i> Genus of flowering plants in the broomrape family Orobanchaceae

Tozzia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants within the broomrape family Orobanchaceae. It contains a unique species, Tozzia alpina.

<i>Hedbergia</i> Genus of flowering plants in the broomrape family

Hedbergia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants, initially classified in Scrophulariaceae, and now within the broomrape family Orobanchaceae. It contains a unique species, Hedbergia abyssinica. It is an afromontane genus, widespread in grasslands and scrubs of the mountains of tropical Africa, and known from Ethiopia, Zaire, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Nigeria, and Cameroons.

<i>Hedbergia decurva</i> Species of flowering plants in the broomrape family Orobanchaceae

Hedbergia decurva, formerly Bartsia decurva, is a species of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae.

Hedbergia longiflora, formerly Bartsia longiflora, is a species of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae.

<i>Lamourouxia</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Lamourouxia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Orobanchaceae.

References

  1. ↑ Pratt, Anne (1899). The Flowering Plants, Grasses, Sedges,& Ferns of Great Britain and Their Allies, the Club Mosses, Horsetails, Etc. London: F. Warne. p. 26.
  2. ↑ Gentil, Ambroise (1923). Dictionnaire étymologique de la flore française (PDF). Paris: Paul Lechevalier. p. 31.
  3. ↑ Burkhardt, Lotte (2018-06-06). Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen - Erweiterte Edition. Index of Eponymic Plant Names - Extended Edition. Index de Noms éponymiques des Plantes - Édition augmentée (in German). Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin. p. B21. doi:10.3372/epolist2018. ISBN   978-3-946292-26-5. S2CID   187926901.
  4. 1 2 Těšitel, Jakub; Říha, Pavel; Svobodová, Šárka; Malinová, Tamara; Štech, Milan (2010-10-28). "Phylogeny, Life History Evolution and Biogeography of the Rhinanthoid Orobanchaceae". Folia Geobotanica. 45 (4): 347–367. doi:10.1007/s12224-010-9089-y. ISSN   1211-9520. S2CID   39873516.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Scheunert, Agnes; Fleischmann, Andreas; Olano-Marín, Catalina; Bräuchler, Christian; Heubl, Günther (2012-12-14). "Phylogeny of tribe Rhinantheae (Orobanchaceae) with a focus on biogeography, cytology and re-examination of generic concepts". Taxon. 61 (6): 1269–1285. doi:10.1002/tax.616008.
  6. ↑ Molau, Ulf (1990). "The genus Bartsia (Scrophulariaceae-Rhinanthoideae)". Opera Botanica. 102: 5–99.
  7. ↑ Taylor, K. and F. J. Rumsey. (2003). Bartsia alpina L. Journal of Ecology 91(5), 908-21.
  8. ↑ Uribe-Convers, S. and D. Tank. Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Bartsia L. (Orobanchaceae): a mostly South American genus wrapped in a European Clade. Presentation abstract. Botany 2010. Providence, Rhode Island. August 4, 2010.
  9. 1 2 3 Uribe-Convers, Simon; Tank, David C. (2016-09-01). "Phylogenetic Revision of the Genus Bartsia (Orobanchaceae): Disjunct Distributions Correlate to Independent Lineages". Systematic Botany. 41 (3): 672–684. doi:10.1600/036364416X692299. S2CID   88752480.
  10. ↑ Bartsia. The Plant List.
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