Helianthus porteri

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Porter's sunflower, also known as Stone Mountain or Confederate daisy
Helianthus-porteri-1.jpg
Helianthus porteri on Stone Mtn.
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Helianthus
Species:
H. porteri
Binomial name
Helianthus porteri
(A.Gray) Pruski 1998 not (A.Gray) Heiser 1978 (1978 name not validly published)
Synonyms [1]
  • Gymnolomia porteri(A.Gray) A.Gray
  • Heliomeris porteri(A.Gray) Cockerell
  • Rudbeckia porteriA.Gray
  • Viguiera porteri(A.Gray) S.F.Blake

Helianthus porteri is a species of sunflower known by the common names Porter's sunflower, [2] Stone Mountain daisy [3] and Confederate daisy. The term "daisy" is a imprecise because the species is a sunflower ( Helianthus ) rather than a daisy ( Bellis and related genera). Likewise, although the plant grows on Stone Mountain, GA, its range extends well beyond. The connection to the Confederacy is through Stone Mountain which contains a confederate monument, although the connection is tenuous as the species was named before the Civil War in 1849 by Harvard botanist Asa Gray in honor of Thomas Conrad Porter, a Pennsylvanian minister and botanist who collected the plant in Georgia. [4] Gray initially named the plant Rudbeckia porteri, [5] changed to Helianthus in 1998 by John F. Pruski. [6] The common name Porter's sunflower therefore most closely accords with the history of botanical discovery and naming.

The species is native to the southeastern United States, such as Alabama and Georgia, but has been introduced to granite outcrop areas in North Carolina where it is aggressively weedy. [7] [8]

Helianthus porteri grows on thin soils on and around flat rock granite and gneiss outcrops. [9] It is an annual herb up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall. One plant usually produces 5 or more flower heads, each containing 7 or 8 yellow ray florets surrounding 30 or more yellow disc florets. [10] [11]

Related Research Articles

<i>Helianthus</i> Genus of flowering plants, the sunflowers

Helianthus is a genus comprising about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae commonly known as sunflowers. Except for three South American species, the species of Helianthus are native to North America and Central America. The best-known species is the common sunflower, whose round flower heads in combination with the ligules look like the Sun. This and other species, notably Jerusalem artichoke, are cultivated in temperate regions and some tropical regions, as food crops for humans, cattle, and poultry, and as ornamental plants. The species H. annuus typically grows during the summer and into early fall, with the peak growth season being mid-summer.

<i>Rudbeckia</i> Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae

Rudbeckia is a plant genus in the Asteraceae or composite family. Rudbeckia flowers feature a prominent, raised central disc in black, brown shades of green, and in-between tones, giving rise to their familiar common names of coneflowers and black-eyed-susans. All are native to North America, and many species are cultivated in gardens for their showy yellow or gold flower heads that bloom in mid to late summer.

<i>Viguiera</i> Genus of flowering plants

Viguiera is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. The name honours French physician L. G. Alexandre Viguier (1790–1867). It contains around 150 species, which are commonly known as goldeneyes and are native to the New World. These are herbs to bushy shrubs that bear yellow or orange daisy-like flowers.

<i>Helianthus bolanderi</i> Species of sunflower

Helianthus bolanderi is a species of sunflower known by the common names Bolander's sunflower and serpentine sunflower. It is native to California and Oregon, where it grows mainly in mountainous areas, often in serpentine soils. It has been found from southwestern Oregon as well as in northern and central California as far south as Santa Cruz County, with reports of a few isolated populations in southern California.

<i>Helianthus grosseserratus</i> Species of plant

Helianthus grosseserratus, commonly known as sawtooth sunflower or thick-tooth sunflower, is a perennial sunflower in the family Asteraceae, with a large flowering head (inflorescence).

<i>Helianthus occidentalis</i> Species of sunflower

Helianthus occidentalis, the fewleaf sunflower or western sunflower, is a species of sunflower native to the Eastern and Central United States. It grows mostly in the Great Lakes Region and in the Ozarks, with additional populations scattered as far as Massachusetts, Texas, and the Florida Panhandle.

<i>Helianthus petiolaris</i> Species of sunflower

Helianthus petiolaris is a North American plant species in the family Asteraceae, commonly known as the prairie sunflower or lesser sunflower. Naturalist and botanist Thomas Nuttall was the first to describe the prairie sunflower in 1821. The word petiolaris in Latin means, “having a petiole”. The species originated in Western United States, but has since expanded east. The prairie sunflower is sometimes considered a weed.

<i>Helianthus angustifolius</i> Species of sunflower

Helianthus angustifolius is a species of sunflower known by the common name narrowleaf sunflower or swamp sunflower. It is native to the south-central and eastern United States, found in all the coastal states from Texas to Long Island, and inland as far as Missouri. It is typically found in the coastal plain habitat, particularly in wet areas.

<i>Helianthus decapetalus</i> Species of sunflower

Helianthus decapetalus, known by the common names thinleaf sunflower and thin-leaved sunflower, is a perennial forb in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the Eastern and Central United States and Canada, from New Brunswick west to Iowa, Wisconsin, and Ontario, south as far as Georgia and Louisiana. It produces yellow composite flowers in late summer or early fall.

<i>Helianthus eggertii</i> Species of sunflower

Helianthus eggertii, known as Eggert's sunflower, is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It is native to Tennessee, Kentucky, South Carolina, and Alabama. It is best known as one of the few plants to have been delisted under the Endangered Species Act because of the species' recovery. It was described by John Kunkel Small in 1903.

Eucephalus glaucescens is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Klickitat aster. It grows on rocky slopes and in subalpine meadows at high elevations on and near Mount Adams in the south-central part of the US State of Washington.

Helianthus laciniatus is a North American species of sunflower known by the common name alkali sunflower. It is found in the southwestern United States and north-central Mexico. It is fairly common in the Chihuahuan Desert.

Helianthus laevigatus is a North American species of sunflower known by the common name smooth sunflower. It is native to the east-central and southeastern United States from Georgia to Maryland.

<i>Helianthus longifolius</i> Species of sunflower

Helianthus longifolius is a North American species of sunflower known by the common name longleaf sunflower. It is native to the southeastern United States.

<i>Helianthus mollis</i> Species of sunflower

Helianthus mollis is a species of sunflower known by the common names ashy sunflower, hairy sunflower or downy sunflower. It is widespread across much of the United States and Canada, primarily the Great Lakes region from Ontario south to Texas and Alabama. Additional populations are found in the states of the Atlantic Coast from Maine to Georgia, but these appear to be introduced.

<i>Helianthus salicifolius</i> Species of sunflower

Helianthus salicifolius is a North American species of sunflower known by the common name willowleaf sunflower. It is native to the central United States, primarily in the Great Plains and Ozark Plateau. There are a few reports of scattered populations in the Northeast and Midwest parts of the country, but these appear to be escapes from cultivation.

<i>Tagetes lemmonii</i> Species of shrub

Tagetes lemmonii, or Lemmon's marigold, is a North American species of shrubby marigold, in the family Asteraceae. Other English names for this plant include Copper Canyon Daisy, Mountain Marigold, and Mexican Marigold.

<i>Euthamia leptocephala</i> Species of flowering plant

Euthamia leptocephala, the bushy goldentop or Mississippi Valley goldentop, is a North American species of plants in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the south-central United States, in the lower Mississippi Valley and the Coastal Plain of the Gulf of Mexico, from Texas to west-central Georgia and north as far as southern Illinois.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Conrad Porter</span> American botanist and theologian (1822-1901)

Thomas Conrad Porter (1822–1901) was an American botanist and theologian known as an expert on the flora of Pennsylvania.

<i>Symphyotrichum porteri</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae endemic to the Rocky Mountains, US

Symphyotrichum porteri is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae endemic to the foothills of the Rocky Mountains in the U.S. states of Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico. Commonly known as Porter's aster, it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach 10 to 50 centimeters tall. Its flowers have white, rarely pinkish, ray florets and yellow, becoming pink then brown, disk florets. S. porteri grows at elevations of 1,800–2,900 meters. Its limited range makes it a NatureServe Vulnerable (G3) species, and it is classified Critically Imperiled (S1) in Wyoming.

References

  1. The Plant List, Helianthus porteri (A.Gray) Pruski
  2. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Helianthus porteri". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  3. Scott Ranger's Nature Notes http://scottranger.com/helianthus-porteri-confederate-daisy.html
  4. Heller, A. A. (1901). "Thomas Conrad Porter". The Plant World. 4 (7): 130–131. ISSN   0096-8307. JSTOR   43475709.
  5. "Rudbeckia porteri in Global Plants on JSTOR". plants.jstor.org. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
  6. Pruski, John F. (1998). "Helianthus porteri (A. Gray) Pruski (Compositae), a New Combination Validated for the Confederate Daisy". Castanea. 63 (1): 74–75. ISSN   0008-7475.
  7. Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
  8. Weakley AS. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid‐Atlantic states. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. [WWW document] URL http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm Archived 2018-10-06 at the Wayback Machine
  9. Scott Ranger's Nature Notes http://scottranger.com/helianthus-porteri-confederate-daisy.html
  10. Flora of North America, Helianthus porteri (A. Gray) Pruski, 1998. Confederate daisy
  11. Blake, Sydney Fay 1918. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 54: 114–115, as Viguiera porteri