Heliantheae

Last updated

Heliantheae
A sunflower.jpg
Sunflowers display bright yellow colors.
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Heliantheae
Cassini, 1819
Subtribes

See text

Diversity
About 190 genera and 2500 species
Bidens biternata- Spanish needles Bidens biternata W IMG 2942.jpg
Bidens biternata - Spanish needles

The Heliantheae (sometimes called the sunflower tribe) are the third-largest tribe in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). With some 190 genera and nearly 2500 recognized species, only the tribes Senecioneae and Astereae are larger. The name is derived from the genus Helianthus , which is Greek for sun flower. Most genera and species are found in North America (particularly in Mexico) and South America. A few genera are pantropical.

Contents

Most Heliantheae are herbs or shrubs, but some grow to the size of small trees. Leaves are usually hairy and arranged in opposite pairs. The anthers are usually blackened.

The above statements about the size and distribution of the tribe apply to a broad definition of Heliantheae, which was followed throughout the 20th century. Some recent authors break the tribe up into a dozen or so smaller tribes.[ citation needed ]

Uses

Commercially important plants in the Heliantheae include sunflower and Jerusalem artichoke. Many garden flowers are also in this group, such as Coreopsis , Cosmos , Echinacea , Rudbeckia , and Zinnia . Some authors separate Coreopsis and Cosmos into the Coreopsideae tribe. [1]

In contrast to the benefits brought by the group, some are problematic weeds. Species of Ambrosia (ragweed) produce large quantities of highly allergenic pollen. Each plant is reputed to be able to produce about a billion grains of pollen over a season, and the plant is wind-pollinated.

Taxonomy

The traditional circumscription of the Heliantheae arises from Cassini's 19th-century classification of the Asteraceae. This broad group been divided by some authors into smaller tribes: Bahieae, Chaenactideae, Coreopsideae, Helenieae, Heliantheae sensu stricto , Madieae, Millerieae, Perityleae, Polymnieae, and Tageteae. Because the Eupatorieae originated from within the Heliantheae (broadly defined), to maintain monophyletic taxa it is necessary to either make Eupatorieae a subtribe within Heliantheae or to split the Heliantheae into smaller tribes. [2] [3] Such classifications may define a supertribe Helianthodae including these smaller tribes, the Eupatorieae, and a few other tribes such as Inuleae. [4]

Subtribes and genera

Heliantheae subtribes and genera recognized by the Global Compositae Database as of May 2022:

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gnaphalieae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

The Gnaphalieae are a tribe of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It is most closely related to the tribes Anthemideae, Astereae, and Calenduleae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eupatorieae</span> Tribe of plants

Eupatorieae is a tribe of over 2000 species of plants in the family Asteraceae. Most of the species are native to tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate areas of the Americas, but some are found elsewhere. Well-known members are Stevia rebaudiana, a number of medicinal plants (Eupatorium), and a variety of late summer to autumn blooming garden flowers, including Ageratum (flossflower), Conoclinium (mistflower), and Liatris.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tageteae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Tageteae is a tribe of the plant family Asteraceae. It consists of approximately 260 species divided among 32 genera. All are found in the New World, with a center of diversity in the Mexican highlands. The type genus is Tagetes (marigolds).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Astereae</span> Tribe of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae

Astereae is a tribe of plants in the family Asteraceae that includes annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, shrubs, and trees. They are found primarily in temperate regions of the world. Plants within the tribe are present nearly worldwide divided into over 250 genera and more than 3,100 species, making it the second-largest tribe in the family behind Senecioneae.

Pappobolus is a genus of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to the Andes Mountains of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

<i>Viguiera</i> Genus of flowering plants

Viguiera is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It contains around 19–40 species, which are commonly known as goldeneyes and are native to the New World. These are herbs to bushy shrubs that bear yellow or orange daisy-like flowers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Madieae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Madieae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It is sometimes considered a subtribe of Heliantheae. Notable species include the tarweeds of the Western United States as well as the silverswords of Hawaii.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Millerieae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Millerieae is a tribe of flowering plants belonging to the Asteroideae subfamily. Of all the genera, only Galinsoga, Guizotia, and Sigesbeckia have species native to the Old World.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coreopsideae</span> Tribe of plants

Coreopsideae is a tribe of flowering plants belonging to the Asteroideae subfamily. It includes widely cultivated genera such as Cosmos and Dahlia.

Oxylobus is a genus of Mesoamerican flowering plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Perityleae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Perityleae is a tribe of flowering plants in the subfamily Asteroideae. The species of its genera are native exclusively to the New World.

<i>Hymenostephium</i> Genus of flowering plants

Hymenostephium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It includes herbs and slender shrubs that occur from Mexico through to Venezuela and north-western Argentina.

<i>Simsia</i> Genus of plants

Simsia is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae. It includes annuals, herbaceous perennials, and shrubs. They range from the western United States south through Central and South America to Argentina, with the center of diversity occurring in Mexico. The genus is named for British physician and botanist John Sims (1749–1831). Although some species are relatively rare, others have become common weeds that line the roadsides and fields of Mexico, often forming dense stands mixed with Tithonia and other Asteraceae. Some species are known by the common name bushsunflower.

<i>Lipochaeta</i> Genus of flowering plants

Lipochaeta, common name nehe, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae that is endemic to Hawaii.

Rhysolepis was a genus of Mexican plants in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae. Until 2011, when botanists Schilling & Panero studied the subtribe Helianthinae based on molecular sequences of nuclear ITS, ETS, and cpDNA, coming to a conclusion that that the genus ViguieraKunth, did not constitute a monophyletic group. Among their conclusions they proposed to reclassify the genus, dividing and relocating its species in at least eleven genera: AldamaLa Llave, BahiopsisKellogg, Calanticaria(B.L. Rob. & Greenm.) E.E. Schill. & Panero, DavilanthusE.E. Schill. & Panero, DendroviguieraE.E. Schill. & Panero, GonzaleziaE.E. Schill. & Panero, HeiseriaE.E. Schill. & Panero, HeliomerisNutt., HymenostephiumBenth., SidneyaE.E. Schill. & Panero and ViguieraKunth.

<i>Podachaenium</i> Genus of plants

Podachaenium is a genus of Mesoamerican plants in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Helenieae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Helenieae is a tribe of the plant family Asteraceae. The type genus is Helenium, but the best known members of the tribe are the Gaillardia. Helenieae are usually placed in their own tribe, but some authors include this and several other tribes as subtribes within a broader definition of the tribe Heliantheae.

<i>Bahiopsis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Bahiopsis is a genus of North American flowering plants in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae. It is native to the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, with several of the species endemic to the Baja California Peninsula.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bahieae</span> Tribe of plants

Bahieae is a tribe of plants in the family Asteraceae, mostly native to North America and Mexico. It was described by Baldwin et al. in 2002.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ambrosiinae</span> Subtribe of plants

Ambrosiinae is a subtribe of flowering plants in the tribe Heliantheae, and is endemic to the Americas.

References

  1. Judd, Walter S.; Campbell, Christopher S.; Kellogg, Elizabeth A.; Stevens, Peter F.; Donoghue, Michael J. (2016). Plant Systematics, A phylogenetic approach. U.S.A.: Sinauer Associates, Inc. pp. 541–547. ISBN   978-1-60535-389-0.
  2. "187n. Asteraceae tribe Eupatorieae". Flora of North America (Vol. 21 Page 456, 459). Retrieved 2007-10-06.
  3. "187. Asteraceae". Flora of North America. Retrieved 2007-12-07.
  4. Helianthodae H. Rob., Tree of Life Web Project
  5. "Ambrosiinae Less". Global Compositae Database. Compositae Working Group (CWG). Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  6. "Chromolepidinae Panero". Global Compositae Database. Compositae Working Group (CWG). Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  7. "Dugesiinae Panero". Global Compositae Database. Compositae Working Group (CWG). Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  8. "Ecliptinae Less". Global Compositae Database. Compositae Working Group (CWG). Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  9. "Enceliinae Panero". Global Compositae Database. Compositae Working Group (CWG). Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  10. "Engelmanniinae Stuessy". Global Compositae Database. Compositae Working Group (CWG). Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  11. "Helianthinae Dumort". Global Compositae Database. Compositae Working Group (CWG). Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  12. "Montanoinae H.Rob". Global Compositae Database. Compositae Working Group (CWG). Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  13. "Rojasianthinae Panero". Global Compositae Database. Compositae Working Group (CWG). Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  14. "Rudbeckiinae H.Rob". Global Compositae Database. Compositae Working Group (CWG). Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  15. "Spilanthinae Panero". Global Compositae Database. Compositae Working Group (CWG). Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  16. "Verbesininae Benth. & Hook.f." Global Compositae Database. Compositae Working Group (CWG). Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  17. "Zaluzaniinae H.Rob". Global Compositae Database. Compositae Working Group (CWG). Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  18. "Zinniinae Benth. & Hook.f." Global Compositae Database. Compositae Working Group (CWG). Retrieved 2022-05-16.

Bibliography