Senecioneae

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Senecioneae
Lopholaena coriifolia.jpg
Lopholaena coriifolia
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Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Senecioneae
Cass.
Genera

See text

Senecioneae is the largest tribe of the Asteraceae, or the sunflower family, comprising over 150 genera and over 3,500 species. [1] Almost one-third of the species in this tribe are placed in the genus Senecio . [2] Its members exhibit probably the widest possible range of form to be found in the entire plant kingdom, and include annuals, minute creeping alpines, herbaceous and evergreen perennials, shrubs, climbers, succulents, trees, and semi-aquatic plants. [3]

Contents

Plants in this tribe are responsible for more livestock poisonings than all other plants combined. [4] Its members usually contain liver and kidney toxic and carcinogenic unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Senecio [4] and furanoeremophilanes in Tetradymia . [3]

A number of species are well known in horticulture. [3]

Classification

Since the time of Bentham, the "premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century", [5] considerable efforts have been made to classify and understand the striking morphological diversity in the Senecioneae. [2] The traditional view of the tribe has been that of one huge genus Senecio plus many other genera which exhibit varying degrees of distinctiveness. [5] Circumscription and delimitation of the tribe have experienced expansions and contractions over the decades as genera and groups of genera have been moved in and out, [3] as was the case for Arnica , Liabum , Munnozia , Schistocarpha , etc. which have since then been excluded. [5] Of the several potential causes for this constant redefinition the greatest is probably that little is known about its intergeneric relationships or a lack of phylogenetic understanding enhanced by the other problems of conflicting clues from morphological characters, the large size of the tribe, the absence of a precise delimitation or circumscription of Senecio [2] and the naturalness of these assemblages combined with the imprecise boundaries of the different species themselves. [5]

Many segregate genera have been recognized in recent studies, often with circumscriptions derived from selected representative species. Whether the recognition of numerous segregate genera provides a better taxonomy than treating the variation patterns as infrageneric taxa is yet unclear. A respectable case can be made for maintaining Senecio as a broad concept, at least until revisionary studies at the species level are carried out and the results subjected to critical analyses. [5] Most genera that have been removed from the Senecioneae in the broadest sense have come to rest within the Liabeae or within a broadly circumscribed Heliantheae (e.g., allies in the Arnicinae, Chaenactidinae, or Madiinae; Haploesthes in the Flaveriinae; and Raillardella and allies in the Madiinae). Additional information may be found in B. G. Baldwin et al. (2002), H. Robinson (1981), B. Nordenstam (1977–1978) and K. Bremer (1994). [3]

Genera

Senecioneae genera recognized by the Global Compositae Database as of October 2022: [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Asteraceae</span> Large family of flowering plants

The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae were first described in the year 1740. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchidaceae, and which is the larger family is unclear as the quantity of extant species in each family is unknown.

<i>Senecio</i> Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae

Senecio is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae) that includes ragworts and groundsels.

<i>Jacobaea vulgaris</i> Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae

Jacobaea vulgaris, syn. Senecio jacobaea, is a very common wild flower in the family Asteraceae that is native to northern Eurasia, usually in dry, open places, and has also been widely distributed as a weed elsewhere.

<i>Jacobaea maritima</i> Species of flowering plant

Jacobaea maritima, commonly known as silver ragwort, is a perennial plant species in the genus Jacobaea in the family Asteraceae, native to the Mediterranean region. It was formerly placed in the genus Senecio, and is still widely referred to as Senecio cineraria; see the list of synonyms (right) for other names.

<i>Jacobaea</i> Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae

Jacobaea is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Senecioneae and the family Asteraceae. Its members used to be placed in the genus Senecio, but have been separated into the segregate genus Jacobaea on the basis of molecular phylogenetics in order to maintain genera that are monophyletic.

<i>Centaurea cineraria</i> Species of flowering plant

Centaurea cineraria, the velvet centaurea, is also known as dusty miller and silver dust. Centaurea cineraria is in the family Asteraceae and is endemic to Italy. In natural settings, it grows on coastal cliffs, ranging from 0–350 m above sea level. Mature plants may reach 80 centimetres (31.5 in) in height. Centaurea cineraria produces purple flowers.

<i>Othonna</i>

Othonna is a genus of approximately 90 species of succulent or subsucculent perennial herbs or shrubs, with its center of diversity in the Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR) of South Africa but some species' ranges include southern Namibia, Angola, and Zimbabwe. The genus was established by Linnaeus in 1753 containing 14 species, however, of those original species, only four are still retained in Othonna, while the others have been transferred to different genera including Cineraria, Euryops, Hertia, Ligularia, Senecio, and Tephroseris. The genus Othonnna is known to be monophyletic. In 2012, a new genus Crassothonna B. Nord. was erected with 13 species transferred from Othonna. A complete modern taxonomic treatment of the genus is being undertaken by the Compton Herbarium and the South African National Biodiversity Institute. The first part, a revision of the Othonnna bulbosa group, was published in 2019.

Eremothamnus is a monotypic genus of shrubs in the family Asteraceae. Its only species is Eremothamnus marlothianus. It is native to the coastal desert of Namibia. It is a small shrub with spiny leaves.

Lomanthus fosbergii, synonym Talamancalia fosbergii, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. It was first described by José Cuatrecasas in 1953 as Senecio fosbergii. The genus Lomanthus is placed in the tribe Senecioneae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cichorioideae</span> Subfamily of plants

The Cichorioideae are a subfamily of the family Asteraceae of flowering plants. Familiar members of Cichorioideae include lettuce, dandelions, chicory and Gazania species. The subfamily comprises about 240 genera and about 2900 species. It is heterogeneous and hard to characterize except with molecular characters.

Rune Bertil Nordenstam is a Swedish botanist and professor emeritus at the Swedish Museum of Natural History in the Department of Phanerogamic Botany. He has worked with Colchicaceae, Senecioneae and Calenduleae, was the editor of Compositae Newsletter newsletter since 1990, and is a Tribal Coordinator for The International Compositae Alliance with responsibility for the tribes Calenduleae and Senecioneae.

<i>Oresbia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Oresbia heterocarpa is the perennial plant that is the only species in the South African native genus Oresbia and member of the tribe Senecioneae in the family Asteraceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pieter B. Pelser</span> New Zealand botanist

Pieter B. Pelser is a lecturer in Plant Systematics and the curator of the herbarium at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand. One research interest is the evolutionary history of the tribe Senecioneae, one of the largest tribes in the largest family of flowering plants. He wrote the most recent attempt to define and delimit this tribe and its problematic founding species Senecio. He also studies insects that eat these plants (Longitarsus) which contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids and what makes them choose which plants they eat.

Senecio cadiscus is a species of aquatic flowering plant in the aster family, Asteraceae. It is endemic to the Western Cape of South Africa, where it grows in vernal pools. It was at one time classified as Cadiscus aquaticus, the only species in the monotypic genus Cadiscus, but molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that it is nested within Senecio. It is a floating or emergent plant with small narrow leaves and white-rayed flowers. Its populations are small and fragmented, and are declining. The plant is threatened by grazing and trampling by livestock, invasive plants, reclamation of wetlands and eutrophication from fertilizer runoff. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has consequently rated it as "critically endangered".

<i>Lasiocephalus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Lasiocephalus is a genus of South American flowering plants in groundsel tribe within the sunflower family. The genus was shown to be part of Senecio and predominantly occurs in tropical alpine-like regions.

<i>Phaneroglossa</i> Plant from the daisy family from South Africa

Phaneroglossa is a genus of plants that is assigned to the daisy family. It consists of only one species, Phaneroglossa bolusii, a perennial plant of up to 40 cm high, that has leathery, line- to lance-shaped, seated leaves with mostly few shallow teeth and flower heads set individually on top of long stalks. The flower head has an involucre of just one whorl of bracts, few elliptic, white or cream ray florets, and many yellow disc florets. It is an endemic species of the Western Cape province of South Africa. Flowering mainly occurs from November to January.

<i>Scapisenecio pectinatus</i> Species of flowering plant

Scapisenecio pectinatus, synonym Senecio pectinatus, commonly known as alpine groundsel, is a species of flowering plant in the aster family. The species occurs in alpine areas of south-eastern Australia in peat-based soils. It has divided leaves forming a basal rosette and produces a single yellow flower head on a stalk up to 20 cm high.

<i>Caputia</i> Genus of Asteraceae plants

Caputia is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to South Africa. It may be of hybrid origin. Species in this genus were formerly considered part of the genus Senecio.

Lomanthus is a genus of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, with species native to northwestern Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru. The genus was established in 2009. It was segregated from Senecio on the basis of morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence. It is placed in the tribe Senecioneae.

<i>Lordhowea</i> (plant)

Lordhowea is a genus of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to eastern and south-eastern Australia and Lord Howe Island. The genus was established by Bertil Nordenstam in 1978.

References

  1. 1 2 Compositae Working Group (CWG) (2023). "Senecioneae Cass." Global Compositae Database. Retrieved 2023-06-03.
  2. 1 2 3 Pelser, Pieter B; Nordenstam, Bertil; Kadereit, Joachim W.; Watson, Linda E. (November 2007). "An ITS phylogeny of tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae) and a new delimitation of Senecio L.". Taxon. International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT). 56 (4): 1077–14E(–1062). doi:10.2307/25065905. JSTOR   25065905.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Barkley, T.M.; Brouillet, L.; Strother, J.L. (2006). "Senecioneae". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 20. New York and Oxford. Retrieved 2008-04-14– via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  4. 1 2 Pieter B. Pelser, Barbara Gravendeel and Ruud van der Meijden (2002). "Tackling speciose genera: species composition and phylogenetic position of Senecio sect. Jacobaea (Asteraceae) based onplastid and nrDNA sequences". American Journal of Botany. 89 (6): 929–939. doi: 10.3732/ajb.89.6.929 . PMID   21665692.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Barkley, T. M. (February 1985). "Generic Boundaries in the Senecioneae". Taxon. International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT). 34 (1): 17–21. doi:10.2307/1221558. JSTOR   1221558.
  6. ↑ Schmidt-Lebuhn, Alexander N.; Zeil-Rolfe, Isabel; Lepschi, Brendan & Gooden, Ben (2020). "Expansion of Lordhowea, and a new genus for scapose, alpine Australian species of Senecioneae (Asteraceae)". Taxon. 69 (4): 756–777. doi:10.1002/tax.12321.
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