Scalesia

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Scalesia
Scalesia pedunculata.jpg
Scalesia pedunculata on Santa Cruz (Galapagos Islands)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Heliantheae
Subtribe: Helianthinae
Genus: Scalesia
Arn. [1]
Species

Scalesia is a genus in the family Asteraceae endemic to the Galapagos Islands. It contains fifteen species that grow as shrubs or trees. This is unusual, because tree species are uncommon in Asteraceae. The genus Scalesia resulted from a blunder by Arnott who named it in honour of "W. Scales Esq., Cawdor Castle, Elginshire" but discovered after publication that the name should have read 'Stables', after Scottish botanist, William Alexander Stables (1810–1890). [2] [3]

All of the species have soft, pithy wood. Scalesia species have been called "the Darwin's finches of the plant world" because they show a similarly dramatic pattern of adaptive radiation.

One of the largest and most widespread species is Scalesia pedunculata – a large tree which grows up to 15 to 20 metres tall, reaching maturity in a few years time. These trees typically grow in dense stands of the same species and age. They die around the same time, and then a new generation of seedlings grows up in the same place. The largest stands of Scalesia pedunculata are found on the humid windward sides of Santa Cruz, San Cristóbal, Santiago and Floreana islands, at an elevation of 400–700 m. The best known and most visited stand is on Santa Cruz Island, and is crossed by a road.

Scalesia atractyloides and S. stewartii are two small tree species, very similar to each other.

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Scalesia pedunculata is a flowering plant species in the family Asteraceae, growing to a slender tree, and found in dense stands on the humid windward coasts of the islands of Santa Cruz, San Cristobal, Santiago and Floreana in the Galapagos Islands. The Galapagos archipelago lies in the southeast trade wind zone, so that climate and weather are dominated by the moisture-bearing trade winds and the topography of the islands. In general, the windward sides of the islands have a much higher precipitation than the leeward sides. Scalesia pedunculata is regarded as vulnerable because of human encroachment, invasive introduced plant species such as Cedrela odorata and Psidium guajava, and grazing by introduced goats. Fires and cutting for fuel are also contributory problems, though the tree's wood is soft, with a large, pithy centre.

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References

  1. "Genus: Scalesia Arn". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2005-02-02. Retrieved 2013-03-30.
  2. Botanical Society of Edinburgh (1840). Annual Report and Proceedings of the Botanical Society: 1836/37-1843/44. Botanical Society of Edinburgh. Retrieved 2015-02-20.
  3. Noltie, H. J. (2012). "The generic name Scalesia (Compositae) – an etymological blunder". Archives of Natural History. 39: 167–169. doi:10.3366/anh.2012.0071.