Melanthera

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Melanthera
Melanthera nivea, altitude version. (9228981090).jpg
Melanthera nivea
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Heliantheae
Subtribe: Ecliptinae
Genus: Melanthera
Rohr [1]
Synonyms [2]
  • EchinocephalumGardner
  • MelanantheraMichx.

Melanthera (common name: squarestem), [3] is a genus of perennial [4] flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to the tropical and subtropical Americas. [2]

Contents

Despite their general hardiness, leaves of Melanthera species are often attacked by rusts such as Uromyces columbianus and Uromyces martinii . [5]

Taxonomy

The classification of this genus was uncertain. At times it included species native North and South America, as well as Africa, Asia and Oceania, including Hawaiʻi. [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] Further studies are needed to clarify its taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships. [11]

The genus now includes three species native to the tropical Americas. [2] Species formerly placed in genus Melanthera are now placed in Lipochaeta (Hawaiian species), Lipotriche (sub-Saharan African species), and Wollastonia (species from eastern Africa, tropical and subtropical Asia, Australia, and the Pacific). [12]

Species

Three species are currently accepted. [2]

Unplaced names

Formerly placed here

References

  1. ↑ "Genus: Melanthera Rohr". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 1996-09-17. Archived from the original on 2015-06-18. Retrieved 2011-02-14.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Melanthera Rohr". Plants of the World Online . Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 4 February 2025.
  3. ↑ NRCS. "Melanthera". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  4. ↑ Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 123 Melanthera Rohr, Skr. Naturhist.-Selsk. 2: 213. 1792.
  5. ↑ George Baker Cummins (1978). Rust Fungi on Legumes and Composites in North America. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. ISBN   0-8165-0653-1.
  6. ↑ Rohr, Julius Philip Benjamin von. 1792. Skrifter af Naturhistorie-Selskabet 2(1): 213–214
  7. ↑ Davidse, G., M. Sousa-Peña, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera. 2015. Asteraceae. 5(2): ined. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera (eds.) Flora Mesoamericana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F.
  8. ↑ Parks, J. C. 1973. A revision of North American and Caribbean Melanthera (Compositae). Rhodora 75: 169–210.
  9. ↑ Pruski, J.F. 1997. Asteraceae. 3: 177–393. In J. A. Steyermark, P. E. Berry & B. K. Holst (eds.) Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis
  10. ↑ Wild, H. 1965. The African species of the genus Melanthera Rohr. Kirkia 5: 1–17
  11. ↑ Phylogenetic relationships of subtribe Ecliptinae - American Journal of Botany
  12. ↑ Orchard, Anthony E. 2013. The Wollastonia/Melanthera/Wedelia generic complex (Asteraceae:Ecliptinae), with particular reference to Australia and Malesia. Nuytsia Volume 23 (25 July 2013):337-466.
  13. ↑ Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution map
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