Pappobolus

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Pappobolus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Heliantheae
Subtribe: Helianthinae
Genus: Pappobolus
S.F.Blake
Synonyms [1]
  • HelianthopsisH.Rob.

Pappobolus is a genus of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to the Andes Mountains of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. [2] [3]

Pappobolus is distinguished from closely related genera by its combination of shrubby habit and usually caducous pappus. Within the genus there is considerable variation in the pappus, a structure that has traditionally been considered a key to defining genera in Asteraceae, and this led to earlier confusion in defining the genus. Most of the species of the genus were originally described as members of Helianthus, based on having a pappus of two caducous awns. When it was recognized that they were not part of the exclusively North American Helianthus, they were transferred to a genus called Helianthopsis. [4] The prominent synantherologist S.F.Blake, however, much earlier named the genus Pappobolus based on species that have a pappus of numerous caducous awns. [5] It was only during the work of Panero on the genus that the congeneric nature of plants of the two pappus types was recognized, and this has subsequently been supported by both molecular phylogenetic studies [6] and phytochemical analyses. [7] Subsequent studies have shown that the genus is related to members of the subtribe Helianthinae that occur in Mexico, and it is likely that migration into South America only occurred following the closure of the Panamanian land bridge about 3 million years ago. [8] Thus, the genus has exhibited an amazing burst of radiation in producing the relatively large number of species, a result in part that reflects the highly dissected montane topography of the Andean region.

Species accepted by the Plants of the World Online as of December 2022: [9]

Related Research Articles

<i>Helianthus</i> Genus of flowering plants, the sunflowers

Helianthus is a genus comprising about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae commonly known as sunflowers. Except for three South American species, the species of Helianthus are native to North America and Central America. The best-known species is the common sunflower. This and other species, notably Jerusalem artichoke, are cultivated in temperate regions and some tropical regions, as food crops for humans, cattle, and poultry, and as ornamental plants. The species H. annuus typically grows during the summer and into early fall, with the peak growth season being mid-summer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heliantheae</span> Tribe of sunflower plants

The Heliantheae are the third-largest tribe in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). With some 190 genera and nearly 2500 recognized species, only the tribes Senecioneae and Astereae are larger. The name is derived from the genus Helianthus, which is Greek for sun flower. Most genera and species are found in North America and South America. A few genera are pantropical.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eupatorieae</span> Tribe of plants

Eupatorieae is a tribe of over 2000 species of plants in the family Asteraceae. Most of the species are native to tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate areas of the Americas, but some are found elsewhere. Well-known members are Stevia rebaudiana, a number of medicinal plants (Eupatorium), and a variety of late summer to autumn blooming garden flowers, including Ageratum (flossflower), Conoclinium (mistflower), and Liatris.

<i>Diplostephium</i> Genus of flowering plants

Diplostephium is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Asteraceae.

<i>Clibadium</i> Genus of flowering plants

Clibadium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

Dendrophorbium is a genus of South American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

<i>Viguiera</i> Genus of flowering plants

Viguiera is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. The name honours French physician L. G. Alexandre Viguier (1790–1867). It contains around 150 species, which are commonly known as goldeneyes and are native to the New World. These are herbs to bushy shrubs that bear yellow or orange daisy-like flowers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Asteroideae</span> Subfamily of flowering plants

Asteroideae is a subfamily of the plant family Asteraceae. It contains about 70% of the species of the family. It consists of several tribes, including Astereae, Calenduleae, Eupatorieae, Gnaphalieae, Heliantheae, Senecioneae and Tageteae. Asteroideae contains plants found all over the world, many of which are shrubby. There are about 1,135 genera and 17,200 species within this subfamily; the largest genera by number of species are Helichrysum (500–600) and Artemisia (550).

<i>Guardiola</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Guardiola is a genus of plants in the family Asteraceae, native to Mexico and the southwestern United States. Members of the genus are subshrubs with simple, opposite leaves and terminal inflorescences.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Millerieae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Millerieae is a tribe of flowering plants belonging to the Asteroideae subfamily. Of all the genera, only Galinsoga, Guizotia, and Sigesbeckia have species native to the Old World.

<i>Werneria</i> (plant) Genus of plants

Werneria is a genus of South American plants in the groundsel tribe within the sunflower family.

<i>Aldama</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Aldama is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. The genus was originally described to include one species of subtribe Helianthinae that were characterized by having pales that tightly enclosed the cypselae (achenes). Recent molecular phylogenetic studies showed that these species are within a large group that were formerly classified in the genus Viguiera, and Aldama has been expanded to include a total of 118 species. Aldama is characterized by having a perennial herbaceous habit, a pappus usually of awns and scales, and a multiseriate involucre.

<i>Hymenostephium</i> Genus of flowering plants

Hymenostephium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It includes herbs and slender shrubs that occur from Mexico through Central America and into South America.

<i>Simsia</i>

Simsia is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae. It includes annuals, herbaceous perennials, and shrubs. They range from the western United States south through Central and South America to Argentina, with the center of diversity occurring in Mexico. The genus is named for British physician and botanist John Sims (1749–1831). Although some species are relatively rare, others have become common weeds that line the roadsides and fields of Mexico, often forming dense stands mixed with Tithonia and other Asteraceae. Some species are known by the common name bushsunflower.

<i>Iostephane</i> Genus of flowering plants

Iostephane is a genus of Mexican flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

<i>Lagascea</i> Genus of flowering plants

Lagascea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It occurs primarily in Mexico, but some species extend into Central America and one reaches north into the western United States. One species, L. mollis, has been widely introduced to other localities around the tropics and subtropics.

Syncretocarpus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

Phoebanthus, called false sunflower, is a genus of North American plants in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae.

Heiseria is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Asteraceae.

References

  1. ↑ Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist Archived 2014-11-06 at archive.today
  2. ↑ Panero, J. L. 1992. Systematics of Pappobolus (Asteraceae-Heliantheae). Systematic Botany Monographs 36: 1-195.
  3. ↑ Tropicos, Pappobolus S.F. Blake
  4. ↑ Robinson, H. 1979. Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). XVIII. A new genus Helianthopsis. Phytologia 44: 257-269.
  5. ↑ S. F. Blake. 1916. Pappobolus macranthus. Hooker's Icones Plantarum 31: plate 3057.
  6. ↑ Schilling, E. E. and R. K. Jansen. 1989. Restriction fragment analysis of[chloroplast DNA and the stystemics of Viguiera and related genera (Asteraceae: Heliantheae) American Journal of Botany 76: 1771-1780.
  7. ↑ Spring, O., J. L. Panero, and E. E. Schilling. Chemotaxonomic analysis of Pappobolus (Asteraceae: Heliantheae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 20: 671-684
  8. ↑ Schilling, E. E., J. L. Panero, and U. H. Eliasson. 1994. Evidence from DNA restriction site analysis on the relationships of Scalesia (Asteraceae: Heliantheae). American Journal of Botany 81: 248—254.
  9. ↑ "Pappobolus S.F.Blake". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
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