Heterocrossa exochana

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Heterocrossa exochana
Heterocrossa exochana NZAC04231502+1585139138.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Carposinidae
Genus: Heterocrossa
Species:
H. exochana
Binomial name
Heterocrossa exochana
Meyrick, 1888 [1]
Synonyms [2]
  • Carposina exochana(Meyrick, 1888)

Heterocrossa exochana is a species of moth in the family Carposinidae. It is endemic to New Zealand and has been observed in the North and South Islands. The larvae of this species feed on the fruits of Muehlenbeckia species. The adult is on the wing from September until May and are attracted to light.

Contents

Taxonomy

This species was described by Edward Meyrick in 1888 using material he collected in Nelson in January. [2] [3] In 1922 Meyrick classified Heterocrossa as a synonym of the genus Carposina. [4] [5] George Hudson, following Meyrick, discussed and illustrated this species in his 1928 publication The Butterflies and Moths of New Zealand under the name Carposina exochana. [6] Later that same year Alfred Philpott examined the genitalia of the males of the species. [7] In 1978 Elwood Zimmerman argued that the genus Heterocrassa should not be a synonym of Carposina as the genitalia of the species within the genus Heterocrassa are distinctive. [4] In 1988 John S. Dugdale assigned the species back to the genus Heterocrossa. [2] The female holotype specimen is held at the Natural History Museum, London. [2]

Description

Illustration by G. Hudson. Fig 7 MA I437623 TePapa Plate-XXIV-The-butterflies full (cropped).jpg
Illustration by G. Hudson.

This species was described by Meyrick as follows:

Female. — 21 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-white. Palpi with upper longitudinal half ochreous-white, lower dark fuscous. Antennas, abdomen, and legs ochreous-whitish, anterior legs suffused with dark fuscous. Forewings elongate, scarcely dilated, costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, hind-margin faintly sinuate, rather strongly oblique ; pale whitish-ochreous ; about ten small irregular scattered black dots in disc ; a subterminal series of irregular cloudy black dots, obsolete towards costa and inner margin : cilia pale whitish-ochreous. Hindwings and cilia ochreous-whitish. [3]

H. exochana can possibly be confused with H. morbida but the male of H. exochana has much longer porrected palpi. [8]

Distribution

H. exochana is endemic to New Zealand and has been observed in both the North and South Islands. [9] [1] Other than its type locality of Nelson, H. exochana has been collected in Masterton, Wellington, Christchurch, Dunedin and Invercargill. [6] The species has also been collected in Fiordland [10] and Hawkes Bay. [11] Hudson regarded it as an uncommon species. [6]

Biology and behaviour

The adults of this moth are on the wing from September to May. [6] The adult moths are attracted to light. [6]

Host species

Larval host Muehlenbeckia australis. Muehlenbeckia australis (G.Forst.) Meisn. (AM AK359802-3).jpg
Larval host Muehlenbeckia australis.

The larvae feed on the fruits of Muehlenbeckia species. [12]

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. 1 2 "Heterocrossa exochana Meyrick, 1888". www.nzor.org.nz. Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Dugdale, J. S. (1988). "Lepidoptera – annotated catalogue, and keys to family-group taxa" (PDF). Fauna of New Zealand. 14: 1–269. ISBN   0477025188. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  3. 1 2 Meyrick, Edward (1888). "Notes on New Zealand Tortricina". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 20: 73–76 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  4. 1 2 Zimmerman, Elwood (1978). Insects of Hawaii. Vol. 9. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press. p. 797. hdl:10125/7338. ISBN   9780824804879.
  5. ↑ Meyrick, Edward (1922). "Lepidoptera Heterocera Fam. Carposinidiae". Genera Insectorum. fasc.176–180: 1–235 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Hudson, G. V. (1928). The Butterflies and Moths of New Zealand. Wellington: Ferguson & Osborn Ltd. p. 217. OCLC   25449322.
  7. ↑ Alfred Philpott (1928). "The Male Genitalia of the New Zealand Carposinidae". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 59: 476–480. ISSN   1176-6158. Wikidata   Q113369538.
  8. ↑ Edward Meyrick (10 June 1912). "Descriptions of New Zealand Lepidoptera". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 44: 120. ISSN   1176-6158. Wikidata   Q109393380.
  9. ↑ Gordon, Dennis P., ed. (2010). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: Kingdom animalia: chaetognatha, ecdysozoa, ichnofossils. Vol. 2. p. 457. ISBN   978-1-877257-93-3. OCLC   973607714. OL   25288394M. Wikidata   Q45922947.
  10. ↑ Clarke, Charles E. (1933). "The Lepidoptera of the Te Anau-Manapouri lakes districts". Transactions and Proceedings of the Institute of New Zealand. 63: 112–132.
  11. ↑ Davies, T. H. (1973). "List of Lepidoptera collected in areas surrounding Hastings and Napier". New Zealand Entomologist. 5 (2): 204–216. doi:10.1080/00779962.1973.9723002.
  12. ↑ "PlantSynz - Invertebrate herbivore biodiversity assessment tool: Database". plant-synz.landcareresearch.co.nz. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
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