Transport in Ukraine includes ground transportation, water, air transportation, and pipelines. The transportation sector accounts for roughly 11% of the country's gross domestic product and 7% of total employment.
Ukraine used to attract more than 20 million foreign citizens every year. But since 2014 this has lowered to about 10 million. Visitors primarily come from Eastern Europe, but also from Western Europe, as well as Turkey and Israel.
Crimea is a peninsula in Eastern Europe, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. The Isthmus of Perekop connects the peninsula to Kherson Oblast in mainland Ukraine. To the east, the Crimean Bridge, constructed in 2018, spans the Strait of Kerch, linking the peninsula with Krasnodar Krai in Russia. The Arabat Spit, located to the northeast, is a narrow strip of land that separates the Syvash lagoons from the Sea of Azov. Across the Black Sea to the west lies Romania and to the south is Turkey. The largest city is Sevastopol. The region has a population of 2.4 million, and has been under Russian occupation since 2014.
Yalta is a resort city on the south coast of the Crimean Peninsula surrounded by the Black Sea. It serves as the administrative center of Yalta Municipality, one of the regions within Crimea. Yalta, along with the rest of Crimea, is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine, and is considered part of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. However, it is under the control of Russia, which annexed Crimea in 2014 and regards the town as part of the Republic of Crimea. According to the most recent census, its population was 76,746 .
The Crimean Mountains or Yayla Mountains are a range of mountains running parallel to the south-eastern coast of Crimea, between about 8–13 kilometers from the sea. Toward the west, the mountains drop steeply to the Black Sea, and to the east, they change slowly into a steppe landscape.
Simferopol International Airport is an airport located in Simferopol, de facto the capital of the Republic of Crimea. Built in 1936, the airport today has one international terminal and one domestic terminal.
E105 is part of the International E-road network, which is a series of main roads in Europe. It is a north–south reference road, meaning it crosses Europe from north to south, and other E-road numbers have been calculated based on these reference roads.
The Russian route M2 is a major trunk road that connects Moscow to Crimea. It is part of the European route E105. It is 720 kilometers long.
Ukraine has a variety of road types within its road network. The roads are divided into two main categories: general-use roads, which consist of streets and roads in populated areas like cities and villages, and specialized roads, which include official, private, and special-use roads. The general use roadways are the main traveling routes and some better are part of the E-road network. High-speed highways (motorways), however, locally known as avtomahistrali or expressways are rare and only available on selected segments of major routes. Big construction projects to improve the national road infrastructure was announced in early 2010 in preparation to the Euro 2012 football competition and there was established Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine headed by Borys Kolesnikov. The reality turned out to be more prosaic, and the road infrastructure continues to required additional improvements.
State highways in Ukraine are subdivided into three categories: international (M-network), national (H-network), and regional (P-network). The letter's indexes are in Cyrillic, standing for their respective abbreviations in Ukrainian.
Highway M02 is a Ukraine international highway (M-highway) connecting the M01 near Kipti with Bachivsk on the border with Russia, where it continues as the M3 to Moscow. The entire route is part of European route E101 and the section from Hlukhiv to the Russian border is part of European route E391.
Highway M03 is a Ukrainian international highway (M-highway) connecting Kyiv with Dovzhansky on the border with Russia, where it continues into Russia as the A270. It is part of European route E40 from Kyiv to Debaltseve at which it is part of European route E50 to the border with Russia. At 844 km (524 mi), the M03 is the longest international state highway in Ukraine.
Highway M20 is the second shortest Ukraine international highway (M-highway) which connects Kharkiv to the border with Russia at Hoptivka in Kharkiv Raion in Kharkiv Oblast (Kharkivshchyna) and Nehoteevka in Belgorodsky Raion in Belgorodskaya Oblast. The section from Lisne to the Russian border is part of European route E105, known as the Crimea Highway in Russia.
The Republic of Crimea is a republic of Russia, comprising most of the Crimean Peninsula, but excluding Sevastopol. Its territory corresponds to the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a subdivision of Ukraine. Russia occupied and annexed the peninsula in 2014, although the annexation remains internationally unrecognized.
Highway M15 is a Ukrainian international highway (M-highway) connecting Odesa to Reni. The entire route is part of European route E87. The highway is also known as the highway Odesa–Reni.
Highway M17 is a Ukrainian international highway (M-highway) connecting Kherson to the Russian border over the Kerch Strait, where it continues into Russia as the A290. The M17 is part of European route E97.
M29 is a Ukrainian international highway (M-highway) in eastern Ukraine that runs from Kharkiv to Dnipro parallel to the M18. It is also known as Kharkiv – Dnipro motorway, although it does not have an official motorway designation. The entire route is part of European route E105.
Cisdnieper Railway(Ukrainian: Придніпровська залiзниця, romanized: Prydniprovska zaliznytsia ) is a regional operator of Ukrainian Railways in southern half of Ukraine. Its headquarters is in Dnipro city.
H19 is a regional road (H-Highway) in Crimea and Sevastopol, Ukraine. It is a western part of the so-called Yuzhnoberezhne shose. It runs east-west and connects Yalta with Sevastopol. Since the 2014, annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, the route was given another code 35K-002 and 67K-1.
Melioratyvne is an urban-type settlement in Novomoskovsk Raion, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is located a few kilometers east of Novomoskovsk. Melioratyvne belongs to Pishchanka rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 3,953.
E105 
M 03 / M 20 in Kharkiv 
M 30 in Novomoskovsk 
M 14 in Melitopol 
M 17 in Dzhankoy 
H 19 in Yalta 
