Hindon River | |
---|---|
Location | |
Country | India |
Region | Uttar Pradesh |
Physical characteristics | |
Source | Rajaji Range, Sivalik Hills |
• location | Saharanpur district, Uttar Pradesh |
• coordinates | 35°05′N77°08′E / 35.083°N 77.133°E |
Mouth | Yamuna river |
• location | Sector-150, Noida, India |
• coordinates | 28°24′50″N77°29′46″E / 28.41389°N 77.49611°E |
Length | 400 km (250 mi) |
Basin size | 7,083 km2 (2,735 sq mi) |
Hindon River is an Indian river in that originates from the Shakumbhari devi range (Upper Sivaliks) in Saharanpur district of Uttar Pradesh and falls into Yamuna river in Noida. Hindon is a tributary of Yamuna and is entirely rainfed, having an approximate catchment area of 7,083 square kilometres (2,735 sq mi).
It flows between Ganges and Yamuna rivers for 400 kilometres (250 mi) through Muzaffarnagar district, Meerut district, Baghpat district, Ghaziabad district and Gautam Buddh Nagar district before it joins Yamuna river at Sector-150, Noida. [1] The Hindon Air Force Base of the Indian Air Force also lies on its bank in the Ghaziabad district on the outskirts of Delhi. [2]
The Kali river is a tributary of Hindon. Kali originates in the Rajaji Range of Sivalik Hills and travels about 150 kilometres (93 mi) passing through Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Meerut and Bagpat districts, merges with Hindon River at Pithlokar near Sardhana. After that Hindon merges with the Yamuna River in Noida. The Kali river is also highly polluted and adds to the pollution of the Hindon, as it passes through a populated and industrial belt of Uttar Pradesh. [1]
Near Sardhana lies the ancient Mahadev Temple that is believed to be dating from the Mahabharata period, and where the Pandavas prayed before leaving for the Lakshagrih, the notorious palace made of lac by Duryodhana, at the confluence of the Hindon (previously known as Harnandi) and Krishna rivers (Kali River, Kali Nadi) at Varnavrat, the present Barnava, and where the prince resided with their mother Kunti. [3]
An Indus Valley civilization (fl. 3300–1300 BCE) site, Alamgirpur is located along the Hindon River, 28 kilometres (17 mi) from Delhi. [4]
During 1857–58, Ghaziabad city was a scene of fighting during the Indian Mutiny, when Indian soldiers in the Bengal Army that were under the British East India Company mutinied but soon turned into a widespread uprising against British rule in India. The Hindon River, in particular, was the site of several skirmishes between Indian troops and British soldiers in 1857 including the Battle of Badli-ki-Serai and today, the graves of the British soldiers and officers can still be seen. Ghaziabad's place in Northern Indian history is assured by the birth of many freedom fighters who played a role in various revolutions all dedicated to the attainment of freedom for all who have lived – and are still living – there.
The industries of western Uttar Pradesh discharge their effluents, often with no treatment, directly into the Hindon River.[ citation needed ] This heavy loading characterizes the presence of toxic contaminants and for the biological diversity of river ecology. Dissolved oxygen levels are zero throughout the length of this river.
But now many NGOs have come forward to rejuvenate this river. Abhiyans like Hindon Kali and Krishna Bachao Abhiyan are held by locals. NGOs with RWA are working to aware local and trying to remove solid non-biodegradable wastes like plastic from the river. Now, farming is reducing chemical fertilizes and pesticides near the flood plains.
The Yamuna is the second-largest tributary river of the Ganges by discharge and the longest tributary in India. Originating from the Yamunotri Glacier at a height of about 4,500 m (14,800 ft) on the southwestern slopes of Bandarpunch peaks of the Lower Himalaya in Uttarakhand, it travels a total length of 1,376 kilometres (855 mi) and has a drainage system of 366,223 square kilometres (141,399 sq mi), 40.2% of the entire Ganges Basin. It merges with the Ganges at Triveni Sangam, Prayagraj, which is a site of the Kumbh Mela, a Hindu festival held every 12 years.
Meerut is a city in Meerut district of the western part of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city lies 80 km (50 mi) northeast of the national capital New Delhi, within the National Capital Region and 480 km (300 mi) west of the state capital Lucknow.
Noida, short for New Okhla Industrial Development Authority, is a city located in Gautam Buddha Nagar district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Noida is a satellite city of Delhi and is a part of the National Capital Region. As per provisional reports of Census of India, the population of Noida in 2011 was 642,381. The city is managed by New Okhla Industrial Development Authority (NOIDA). The district's administrative headquarters are in the nearby city of Greater Noida.
Harit Pradesh is a proposed new state of India comprising the western parts of Uttar Pradesh state. The etymology derives from Harit, meaning Green, and Pradesh, meaning state.
Saharanpur is a city and a municipal corporation in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is also the administrative headquarters of Saharanpur district.
The Northern Railway (NR) is one of the 19 Railway zones of India and the northernmost zone of the Indian Railways. It is headquartered at Baroda House in New Delhi.
The National Capital Region (NCR) is a planning region centred upon the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi in India. It encompasses Delhi and several districts surrounding it from the states of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. The NCR and the associated National Capital Region Planning Board (NCRPB) were created in 1985 to plan the development of the region and to evolve harmonized policies for the control of land-uses and development of infrastructure in the region. Prominent cities of NCR include Delhi, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Gurugram, and Noida.
Bagpat district, also spelled as Baghpat district, is one of the 75 districts of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, with headquarters at the town of Baghpat. It is within the National Capital Region.It falls under the National Capital Region of Delhi. it is one of the most Sugarcane producing District in Uttar Pradesh. It also referred as Jatland due to high density of Jat Caste peoples.The Biggest Khap Panchayat named Desh Khap of Tomar clan ,Tomar Khap have 84 villages in the District.
Meerut district, is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Meerut is the district headquarters. Meerut district is also a part of the Meerut division. The administrative head of district of Meerut is a District Magistrate while the administrative head of Meerut Division is Divisional Commissioner, an IAS officer.
Baghpat is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Bagpat district, which was established in 1997. It is part of the National Capital Region, surrounding New Delhi.
Sardhana is a city and a municipal board in Meerut district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is 85 km (53 mi) northeast of New Delhi and 13 mi from Meerut. It is 5 km from Meerut Karnal National Highway and 12 km from National Highway 58. It is famous for its cloth and timber industries, and its church.
Jalalabad (Jalālābād) is a town and a nagar panchayat in Shamli district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is a historical town situated on Delhi Saharanpur road. Dating back to the Mughal period, situated close to the borders of Haryana and Uttarakhand states, and surrounded by a very fertile agricultural region namely famous for plentiful yields in grains and fruits, Jalalabad is internationally famous for its wood carving work cottage industry. It is a thriving market of local agricultural produce, including basmati rice and mangoes. A variety of agro-based industrial enterprises - such as textile, sugar, paper and cigarette factories - are located around it. It is 41 km from Saharanpur and 40 km from Muzaffarnagar.
Lonipronunciation (help·info) is a town, near Ghaziabad city in Ghaziabad district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India and Loni town is governed by Loni Municipal Council which comes under Ghaziabad Metropolitan Region.
The Kali River, commonly known as Kali Nadi, originates in the Upper Sivaliks and passes through Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar and Baghpat districts, before merging with Hindon River, which goes on to merge with the Yamuna River, which itself goes to merge with the Ganga River, which finally merges with the Bay of Bengal. The total length of the river from its origin up to its confluence with the Hindon river is 150 km. The river is named Kali, because of the Hindu Goddess Kali.
Western Uttar Pradesh is a region in India that comprises the western districts of Uttar Pradesh state, including the areas of Rohilkhand and those where Khariboli, Braj and Kannauji are spoken. The region has some demographic, economic and cultural patterns that are distinct from other parts of Uttar Pradesh, and more closely resemble those of Haryana and Rajasthan states. Western Uttar Pradesh has experienced rapid economic growth, in a fashion similar to Haryana and Punjab, due to the successes of the Green Revolution. A significant part of western Uttar Pradesh is a part of National Capital Region of India. The largest city of the region is Ghaziabad, while the second-largest city, Agra, is a major tourist destination.
The Uttar Pradesh Expressways Industrial Development Authority (UPEIDA) is an authority set up in 2007 by the Government of Uttar Pradesh to develop expressway projects in the state. The headquarters of UPEIDA is located at Paryatan Bhawan in Gomti Nagar, Lucknow.
Shəmli is a district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. This district was carved out from Muzaffarnagar District on 28 September 2011 as Prabudh Nagar and renamed Shamli in July 2012. Shamli is the headquarters of the district. Shamli is located along the Delhi-Saharanpur-Dehradun Expressway, Ambala-Shamli Expressway, Gorakhpur-Shamli Expressway, Delhi–Saharanpur, Meerut-Karnal and Panipat-Khatima Highways.
Noorpur Muzvita is a village in the Khekra Tehsil, Bagpat district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Having a population of more than 3,000, this village is 3 km (1.9 mi) from Khekra and 9.2 km (5.7 mi) from Bagpat, the main city of the district.
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