| Hipparchia statilinus | |
|---|---|
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| Hipparchia statilinus. Male, side view | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | Hipparchia |
| Species: | H. statilinus |
| Binomial name | |
| Hipparchia statilinus | |
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| Hipparchia statilinus distribution | |
| Synonyms | |
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Hipparchia statilinus, the tree grayling, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.
Subspecies include: [3] [4]
The species can be found in Central Europe, Southern Europe, North Africa, Anatolia and the Caucasus. [1] [4] [5]
This butterfly can be found in dry, rocky, grassy and bushy areas [1] [6] at an elevation of 0–1,400 metres (0–4,593 ft) above sea level. [7]
Hipparchia statilinus has a wingspan of 60–68 millimetres (2.4–2.7 in). [7] These butterflies are rather variable, especially in the shades of brown present on the wings and in the intensity of the white bands. Usually the basic color of the upperside of the wings is dull brown in the male, lighter or ocher in the female, with a fringe on the edges. Two blind or very discreetly pupillated black eyespots are present on the forewings, while the hindwings show a very small eyespot.
The underside is marbled with ocher and dusty white bands. On the underside of each forewing there are two black eyespots ringed in yellow, the upper one with a white central spot. Between the two black eyespots there are two white spots. On the underside of the hindwings there may be a black spot near the posterior and anal margin. [6] The caterpillars are greenish-beige with green-brownish longitudinal stripes. [8]
Hipparchia statilinus is a univoltine species. The larvae feed on various common grasses of the family Poaceae ( Brachypodium phoenicoides , Brachypodium retusum , Bromus erectus , Bromus sterilis , Corynephorus canescens , Dactylis glomerata , Festuca ovina , Koeleria vallesiana , Lolium rigidum , Nardus stricta , Poa annua , Stipa gigantea , Stipa parviflora , Stipa pennata , Oryzopsis canadensis , Deschampsia cespitosa , Anisantha sterilis ) and of family Cyperaceae ( Carex species). [1] [9] [4] Adults fly from June to October, [7] and can be found resting on rocky ground with closed wings, warming up. [6]
The meadow brown is a butterfly found in the Palearctic realm. Its range includes Europe south of 62°N, Russia eastwards to the Urals, Asia Minor, Iraq, Iran, North Africa and the Canary Islands. The larvae feed on grasses.
The ringlet is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is only one of the numerous "ringlet" butterflies in the tribe Satyrini.
Melanargia galathea, the marbled white, is a medium-sized butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. Despite its common name and appearance, this butterfly is one of the "browns", of the subfamily Satyrinae.
The Scotch argus is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. In spite of its English name argus, it is not a close relation of the brown argus nor the northern brown argus.
The grayling or rock grayling is a species in the brush-footed butterfly family Nymphalidae. Although found all over Europe, the grayling mostly inhabits coastal areas, with inland populations declining significantly in recent years. The grayling lives in dry and warm habitats with easy access to the sun, which helps them with body temperature regulation.
Lampides boeticus, the pea blue, or long-tailed blue, is a small butterfly that belongs to the lycaenids or gossamer-winged family.
Erebia ligea, the Arran brown, is a member of the subfamily Satyrinae of the family Nymphalidae. This brown is widespread in south-eastern and northern Europe. It prefers mixed woodlands at low altitudes. It is rarely seen in open areas. This species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae, and the type locality is Sweden.
Erebia medusa, the woodland ringlet, is a member of the subfamily Satyrinae of the family Nymphalidae.
Hipparchia hermione, the rock grayling, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. The species can be found in Central Europe, Southern Europe, Eastern Europe, North Africa, Anatolia and the Caucasus.
Hipparchia fagi, the woodland grayling, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.
Polyommatus damon, the Damon blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae.
Polyommatus daphnis, the Meleager's blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae.
Minois dryas, the dryad, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.
Chazara briseis, the hermit, is a butterfly species belonging to the family Nymphalidae. It can be found in North Africa, southern Europe, Asia Minor, the Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Central Asia through Afghanistan, and north-western China and Tuva. It is found on steppe and in other dry grassy places between 500 and 2,500 meters.
Satyrus ferula, the great sooty satyr, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.
Lasiommata paramegaera, the pale wall brown or Corsican wall brown, is a butterfly species belonging to the family Nymphalidae. It is endemic to Corsica and Sardinia. The wingspan is 36–40 mm. The upper and undersides of the fore and hind wings are orange brown, they have a dark brown grid-like pattern. The females are often a little lighter colored. Near the apex of the forewing sits a white centred black eye-spot. Between this eye-spot and the outermost apical tip of the fore-wing is another very small black round spot. In the disc region of the top of the forewing, the male has a distinct scent-mark. The upperside of the hind wings has cells 1c, 2, 3, and 4 of the postdiscal region with small black, white-pupilled eye spots on. The underside of the forewings is orange-brown, the underside of the hind wings light brown. On the front wing, the underside pattern corresponds to the upperside. However, the eye spot in the apex is also surrounded by a brown ring.
Protogoniomorpha parhassus, the forest mother-of-pearl or common mother-of-pearl, is a species of Nymphalidae butterfly found in forested areas of Africa.
Brintesia is a monotypic butterfly genus in the family Nymphalidae and subfamily Satyrinae. Its one species is Brintesia circe, the great banded grayling.
Arethusana is a butterfly genus from the subfamily Satyrinae of the brush-footed butterfly family (Nymphalidae). It is composed of only one species, Arethusana arethusa, the false grayling.
Hipparchia genava, the lesser rock grayling, is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae.
