Hypostomus is a genus of catfish in the family Loricariidae. They are native to tropical and subtropical South America. H. plecostomus is the popular freshwater aquarium fish formerly known as Plecostomus plecostomus. The taxonomic structure of the Loricariidae is still being expanded by scientists. Hypostomus is a highly species-rich and widely distributed catfish genus.
Pseudancistrus is a genus of suckermouth armored catfishes native to South America.
Epactionotus is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America.
The Hypoptopomatinae are a subfamily of catfishes of the family Loricariidae, composed of 17 genera and approximately 80 species. This subfamily represents about one-tenth of all loricariid species.
Microlepidogaster is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America.
Parotocinclus is a genus of fish in the family Loricariidae native to South America. This genus is distributed through almost all hydrographic systems in South America from the Guyana Shield drainages and Amazon Shield tributaries to the coastal drainages of eastern and southeastern Brazil, including the rio São Francisco basin. Most species have the caudal peduncle oval in cross section. It has been found that Characidium species may interact with P. maculicauda. The small Characidium will follow grazing P. maculicauda, which release particulate matter dislodged from the catfish's foraging.
Neoplecostomus is a genus of fish in the family Loricariidae native to South America. Neoplecostomus can be distinguished from all other loricariids by a modified shield of small plates on the abdomen with posteriorly directed odontodes; the shield appears to act as a holdfast. The color pattern is generally mottled brown with the abdomen white. The head is long, rounded, and shovel-shaped. The fin spines are weak. They range from about 8 to 11 cm (3.1–4.3 in) SL. The species of Neoplecostomus live in fast-flowing water.
Pareiorhina is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America where they are only found in Brazil. These species are known to occur at altitudes above 650 metres (2100 ft) in various rivers of the Grande, Paraíba do Sul, São Francisco and Tietê River basins. This genus was first erected by Gosline in 1947 as a monotypic genus to include Rhinelepis rudolphi. It was not until 2003 that a second species, P. carrancas, was described. The third species, P. brachyrhyncha was described in 2005. Pareiorhina forms a monophyletic subunit with Neoplecostomus within the subfamily Neoplecostominae.
Gymnotocinclus is a genus of small freshwater catfish in the family Loricariidae, native to the Tocantins River basin in Brazil.
Rhinolekos is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America. This genus is only known from the Tocantizinho River and Paranaiba River drainage in Goiás, Brazil.
Otothyrinae is a subfamily of South American catfishes of the family Loricariidae. Alternatively it is treated as a tribe in Hypoptopomatinae.
Hisonotus acuen is a species of armored catfish from the Xingu River in Brazil.
Curculionichthys is a genus of fish in the family Loricariidae native to South America.
Curculionichthys coxipone is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the drainage basins of the Cuiabá River and the Paraguay River. It reaches 3 cm SL. The species was described in 2015 by Fábio Fernandes Roxo, Gabriel Souza da Costa e Silva, Luz E. Orrego, and Claudio Oliveira, alongside the description of the genus Curculionichthys to include several species formerly classified in the genus Hisonotus.
Curculionichthys sabaji is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to the Xingu River basin in Brazil. The species reaches 2.4 cm SL. It was described in 2015 by Fábio Fernandes Roxo, Gabriel Souza da Costa e Silva, Luz E. Orrego, and Claudio Oliveira, alongside the description of the genus Curculionichthys to include several species formerly classified in the genus Hisonotus.
Curculionichthys sagarana is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the drainage basins of the Das Velhas River and the São Francisco River. It reaches 2.4 cm SL. The species was described in 2015 by Fábio Fernandes Roxo, Gabriel Souza da Costa e Silva, Luz E. Orrego, and Claudio Oliveira, alongside the description of the genus Curculionichthys to include several species formerly classified in the genus Hisonotus.
Hisonotus brunneus is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Jacuí River and Lagoa dos Patos drainage basins in Brazil. The species reaches 4.2 cm SL.
Hisonotus heterogaster is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is a freshwater fish native to South America, where it occurs in the Jacuí River basin and the Lagoa dos Patos system in Brazil. It reaches 4.3 cm SL.
Hisonotus vireo is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Jacuí River basin and the Lagoa dos Patos system in Brazil. The species reaches 4 cm SL.
Parotocinclus dani is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in tributaries of the Tapajós basin in Brazil.
