Hisonotus

Hisonotus
Hisonotus paulinus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Siluriformes
Family:	Loricariidae
Tribe:	Otothyrini
Genus:	Hisonotus C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1889
Type species
Hisonotus notatus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889

Hisonotus is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America. Species of Hisonotus and Curculionichthys are the only representatives of the subfamily Otothyrinae having serrae on the posterior edge of the pectoral fin spine. ^[1] These species are small fishes, generally found in small fast flowing streams, where they grasp to the branches and leaves of aquatic or subaquatic plants. ^[2] The species of this genus mostly occur in Atlantic coastal streams of southern Brazil and the Paraguay-Paraná system of southern South America. ^[3] They are also distributed in the Río de La Plata basin and coastal rivers of southeastern Brazil. ^[2]

Taxonomy

Hisonotus and Microlepidogaster have, until recently, been considered as synonymous, although they are now recognized as separate and valid taxa. ^[4] In the most recent phylogenetic hypotheses, both Hisonotus and Parotocinclus are relatively basal taxa within the Otothyrini clade. ^[3]

Species

There are currently 31 recognized species in this genus: ^[5]

• Hisonotus aky (Azpelicueta, Casciotta, Almirón & Koerber, 2004)
• Hisonotus alberti Roxo, G. S. C. Silva, Waltz & J. E. García-Melo, 2016 ^[6]
• Hisonotus armatus T. P. Carvalho, Lehmann A., E. H. L. Pereira & R. E. dos Reis, 2008
• Hisonotus bocaiuva Roxo, G. S. C. Silva, C. de Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2013 ^[7]
• Hisonotus brunneus T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
• Hisonotus carreiro T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
• Hisonotus charrua Almirón, Azpelicueta, Casciotta & Litz, 2006
• Hisonotus depressicauda (A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918)
• Hisonotus depressinotus (A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918)
• Hisonotus devidei (Roxo, Silva & Melo, 2018) ^[8]
• Hisonotus francirochai (Ihering (pt), 1928)
• Hisonotus heterogaster T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
• Hisonotus hungy Azpelicueta, Almirón, Casciotta & Koerber, 2007 ^[9]
• Hisonotus iota T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2009
• Hisonotus laevior Cope, 1894
• Hisonotus leucofrenatus (A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1908)
• Hisonotus leucophrys T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2009
• Hisonotus maculipinnis (Regan, 1912)
• Hisonotus megaloplax T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2009
• Hisonotus montanus T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2009
• Hisonotus nigricauda (Boulenger, 1891)
• Hisonotus notatus C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1889 ^[10]
• Hisonotus notopagos T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
• Hisonotus pachysarkos Zawadzki, Roxo & da Graça, 2016 ^[11]
• Hisonotus paulinus (Regan, 1908)
• Hisonotus prata T .P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
• Hisonotus ringueleti Aquino, Schaefer & Miquelarena, 2001
• Hisonotus taimensis (Buckup, 1981)
• Hisonotus thayeri Martins & Langeani, 2016 ^[10]
• Hisonotus vespuccii Roxo, G. S. C. Silva & C. de Oliveira, 2015 ^[12]
• Hisonotus vireo T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011

References

1. Roxo, F.F.; Silva, G.S.C.; Ochoa, L.E.; Oliveira, C. (2015). "Description of a new genus and three new species of Otothyrinae (Siluriformes, Loricariidae)". ZooKeys (534): 103–134. Bibcode:2015ZooK..534..103R. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.534.6169 . PMC   4669939 . PMID   26668550.
2. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Hisonotus". FishBase . January 2016 version.
3. Aquino, A.E.; Schaefer, S.A.; Miquelarena, A.M. (2001). "A New Species of Hisonotus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) of the Upper Río Uruguay Basin" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (3333): 1–12. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2001)333<0001:ansohs>2.0.co;2. S2CID   7469285.
4. Andreata, A.A.; Oliveira, C.; Foresti, F. (2006). "Karyological characterization of four Neotropical fish species of the genus Hisonotus (Teleostei, Loricariidae, Hypoptopomatinae) from distinct Brazilian river basins" (PDF). Genetics and Molecular Biology. 29 (1): 62–66. doi: 10.1590/s1415-47572006000100013 .
5. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Hisonotus". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 1 September 2025.
6. Roxo, F.F., Silva, G.S.C., Waltz, B.T. & Melo, J.E.G. (2016): A new species of Hisonotus (Siluriformes: Otothyrinae) from the upper rio Paraná and rio São Francisco basins, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4109 (2): 227–238.
7. Roxo, F.F., Silva, G.S.C., Oliveira, C. & Zawadzki, C.H. (2013): Hisonotus bocaiuva, a new species from the rio São Francisco basin, Brazil (Teleostei: Loricariidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (4): 319-326.
8. Roxo, F F et al. "Hisonotus devidei, a new species from the São Francisco basin, Brazil (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)." Journal of fish biology vol. 92,6 (2018): 1687-1701. doi:10.1111/jfb.13599
9. Azpelicueta, M.d.l.M.; Almirón, A.E.; Casciotta, J.R.; Koerber, S. (2007). "Hisonotus hungy sp. n. (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) a new species from arroyo Tirica, Misiones, Argentina". Revue suisse de Zoologie . 114 (3): 591–598. doi: 10.5962/bhl.part.80405 .
10. Martins, F.O. & Langeani, F. (2016): Redescription of Hisonotus notatus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae), the type species of the genus, and description of a new species from coastal drainages of southeastern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 14 (2): e150100.
11. Zawadzki, C.H., Roxo, F.F. & da Graça, W.J. (2016): Hisonotus pachysarkos, a new species of cascudinho from the rio Ivaí basin, upper rio Paraná system, Brazil (Loricariidae: Otothyrinae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 26 (4): 373-384.
12. Roxo, F.F.; Silva, G.S.C.; Oliveira, C. (2015). "A new species of Hisonotus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from rio São Francisco basin, Brazil". ZooKeys (498): 127–143. Bibcode:2015ZooK..498..127R. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.498.6896 . PMC   4410152 . PMID   25931967.