Hitachi Rail Italy Driverless Metro | |
---|---|
In service | 2002–present |
Manufacturer | Hitachi Rail Italy (formerly AnsaldoBreda) |
Constructed | 2001–present |
Number built | 255 (as of 2019) |
Formation | 2–6 cars |
Specifications | |
Width |
|
Height | 3.4–3.85 m (11.2–12.6 ft) |
Maximum speed | 80–105 km/h (50–65 mph) |
Electric system(s) | |
Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge |
The Hitachi Rail Italy Driverless Metro is a class of driverless electric multiple units and corresponding signaling system. Manufactured by Hitachi Rail Italy (formerly AnsaldoBreda) and Hitachi Rail STS (former name Ansaldo STS) in Italy, it is or will be used on the Copenhagen Metro, Princess Nora bint Abdul Rahman University, the Brescia Metro, the Thessaloniki Metro, Line 5 and Line 4 of the Milan Metro, Line C of the Rome Metro, the Honolulu Skyline system, and the Yellow Line of the Taipei Metro. The first system to use this class of driverless electric multiple units was the Copenhagen Metro which was opened in 2002.
The rolling stock consists of two [1] to six articulated cars which operate on standard gauge. Each car has a power output of 210 or 256 kilowatts (282 or 343 hp), fed from a 750 V DC third rail (except in Rome where it is 1,500 V DC overhead line). The systems are fully automated, consisting of automatic train protection (ATP), automatic train operation (ATO) and automatic train supervision.
The rolling stock uses standardized car bodies, articulated together. The number of cars varies across the different systems where they are used. The trains used on the Princess Nora bint Abdul Rahman University system are 2-car units. For the other systems, the units vary between three and six cars, making the trains from 39 to 109 m (127 ft 11+3⁄8 in to 357 ft 7+3⁄8 in) long. They are 2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) wide, except the Rome Metro units which are 2.85 meters (9 ft 4+1⁄4 in) wide, and the Honolulu Skyline units which are 10 ft (3,048 mm) wide to comply with Federal Railroad Administration regulations. [ citation needed ] The units vary from 3.4 to 3.85 m (11 ft 1+7⁄8 in to 12 ft 7+5⁄8 in) tall. Each car has two doors on each side, which are 1.3 m (4 ft 3+1⁄8 in) wide and 1.945 m (6 ft 4+5⁄8 in) tall. [2] The vehicles are designed by Giugiaro Design. [3]
The three and four-car trains have six three-phase asynchronous motors per train, with each motor giving a power output of 105 and 128 kW (141 and 172 hp), giving each train a power output of 630 or 764 kW (845 or 1,025 hp). In each car, the two motors are fed by the car's own insulated-gate bipolar transistor. The trains are powered by 750 V bottom contact third rail in most applications, although in Honolulu the same voltage is used but the third rail instead top contact, while Rome uses 1500 V overhead wires. The trains' top speeds are 80 to 105 km/h (50 to 65 mph), with an acceleration and deceleration capacity of 1.3 m/s2 (4.3 ft/s2). Trains are fully compatible with platform screen doors, which are found at all stations in Brescia, Rome and Milan, Copenhagen, Honolulu, and Thessaloniki. [2] [4] [5] [6]
System | Classification | Line | Opening date | Trains | Cars | Length (m/ft) | Width (m/ft) | Power (kW/hp) | Speed (kmph/mph) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brescia | Series 100 | — | 2013 | 18 | 3 | 39 | 128 | 2.65 | 8.7 | 630 | 840 | 80 | 50 |
Copenhagen | A/B 01-34 | M1 and M2 | 2002 | 34 | 3 | 39 | 128 | 2.65 | 8.7 | 630 | 840 | 90 | 56 |
M3 and M4 | 2019 | 30 | 3 | 39 | 128 | 2.65 | 8.7 | 630 | 840 | 90 | 56 | ||
Honolulu | Skyline | 2023 | 20 | 4 | 78.2 | 257 | 3.05 | 10.0 | — | — | 105 | 65 | |
Milan | Series 4400 | Line 4 | 2022 | 47 | 4 | 50.9 | 167 | 2.65 | 8.7 | 630 | 840 | 80 | 50 |
Series 5500 | Line 5 | 2013 | 21 | 4 | 50.5 | 166 | 2.65 | 8.7 | 630 | 840 | 80 | 50 | |
Rome | Series MC V00 | Line C | 2014 | 30 | 6 | 109.4 | 359 | 2.85 | 9.4 | — | — | 90 | 56 |
New Taipei [7] [8] | EMU101 | Circular line | 2020 | 17 | 4 | 68.43 | 224.5 | 2.65 | 8.7 | 1,632 | 2,189 | 80 | 50 |
Sanying line | 2025 | 29 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Thessaloniki | — | 2023 | 33 | 4 | 51 | 167 | 2.65 | 8.7 | 764 | 1,025 | 90 | 56 |
The systems are controlled by a fully automated computer system, located at the control and maintenance center. The automatic train control (ATC) consists of three subsystems: automatic train protection (ATP), automatic train operation (ATO) and automatic train supervision (ATS). The ATP is responsible for managing the trains' speed, ensuring that doors are closed before departure and that switches are correctly set. The system uses fixed block signaling, except around stations, where moving block signaling is used. [9] [5] The system has been designed and built by Union Switch & Signal. [10]
The ATO is the autopilot that drives the trains in line with a pre-defined schedule, ensures that the train stop at stations and operates the doors. The ATS monitors all components of the network, including the rails and all trains on the system, and displays a live schematic at the control center. The ATC is designed so that only the ATP is safety-critical, and will halt trains if the other systems have faults. Other aspects of the system, such a power supply, ventilation, security alarms, cameras and pumps, are controlled by a system called "control, regulating and surveillance". [9]
The most common repairs are the grinding of the wheels; more complicated repairs are made by replacing entire components that are sent to the manufacturer. By having components in reserve, trains can have shorter maintenance times. The center also has the system's work trains, including a diesel locomotive that can fetch broken trains. [9] At any time, there are four people working at the control center. Two monitor the ATC system, one monitors passenger information, while the last is responsible for secondary systems, such as power supply. In case of technical problems, there is always a team of technicians who can be sent to perform repairs. Although the trains are not equipped with drivers, there are stewards that help passengers, perform ticket controls and assist in emergency situations. [9]
The Brescia Metro is a system which opened in March 2013 in Brescia, Italy. The 18 km (11.2 mi) system was built in three stages and has 17 stations. The system features a 90-second headway. ASM Brescia ordered 18 trains which are now being used on the Metro. [11] [12]
The Copenhagen Metro, Denmark, consists of four lines, M1, M2, M3 and M4 that run 35.9 kilometers (22.3 mi) serving 37 stations. The system opened in 2002 and was expanded in 2019 with further expansion being planned and evaluated. The first lines connects the city center to the areas of Frederiksberg and Amager, and Copenhagen Airport. The next extension, the City Circle Line opened on 29 September 2019. Metroselskabet took delivery of 34 three-car units between 2002 and 2007, and operates with a headway of between two and twenty minutes, including an all-night service. [4] [9] In April 2008, the Copenhagen Metro won the award at MetroRail 2008 for the world's best metro. [13]
Skyline is a 10.8 mi (17.4 km) elevated rail line, planned to extend to 18.9 mi (30.4 km), which will connect the city of Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu in Hawaiʻi with outlying suburbs. [14] The first section of the line opened on June 30, 2023, with the entire 19-station route to be completed by 2031. [15]
The Line 2 of Lima Metro and a branch of Line 4, which will connect the city of east to west in the first case and the portion of line 4 linking the Jorge Chavez International Airport with the line 2, is currently under construction. The line will be built in two phases, the first of which is scheduled to open in 2017 and the second in 2020. The total of the 2 lines will cost US$5,346,000. [16]
The Milan Metro's Line 5 first section between Bignami and the interconnection with M3 at Zara opened on 10 February 2013. The second stage opened on 1 March 2014, and runs from Zara to Porta Garibaldi station. The third opened in 2015, and runs from Garibaldi to San Siro stadium. The fourth section will run from Bignami to Monza, and it is planned to open by 2027. [17] The first stage of 5.6 kilometres (3.5 mi) was estimated to cost €500 million. [18] [19]
Milan Metro's fourth line is currently under construction and will run from Linate Airport to San Cristoforo. It will be 15 km (9.3 mi) long with 21 stations. [20] The first section, running from Linate to Dateo, opened on 26 November 2022, while the completion of the line is expected to be in 2024. [21]
An 11·5 km metro serving the Princess Nora Bint Abdulrahman University on the outskirts of Riyadh opened in 2012. [1]
Rome Metro's Line C is 25.5 km (15.8 mi) long, of which 17.6 km (10.9 mi) are underground. Metropolitana di Roma has ordered thirty six-car units, which are 20 centimeters (7.9 in) wider than the other systems' vehicles, and capable of carrying 1,200 passengers per train. Average speed on the system is 35 km/h (21.7 mph), with the headway varying from three to twelve minutes. [22]
The Yellow Line or Circular Line of the Taipei Metro, Taiwan, will serve as a cross-link between existing lines. The 49 km (30.4 mi) system will feature 42 or 41 stations. The 15.4 km (9.6 mi) phase 1 has 14 stations and was completed in January 2020. [23] The Taipei Rapid Transit Corporation purchased 17 trains for this phase. [24] [25]
Construction on Greece's second metro system began in 2006 and is scheduled to open in phases from 2023, [26] at a cost of €1.57 billion ($1.77 billion). [27] The 14.28 km (8.87 mi) system will feature 18 stations in 2021. [6] 33 driverless AnsaldoBreda units will be put to operation on the two lines. [28] Those will be articulated in 4 sections with a capacity of 466 passengers (96 seated and 370 standing). [29]
The Athens Metro is a rapid-transit system in Greece which serves the Athens urban area. Line 1 opened as a single-track conventional steam railway in 1869 and was electrified in 1904. In 1991, Elliniko Metro S.A. constructed and extended Lines 2 and 3. It has significantly changed Athens by providing a much-needed solution to the city's traffic and air pollution problem, as well as revitalising many of the areas it serves. Extensions of existing lines are under development or tender, like the Line 2 extension to Ilion where tender started in 2023, as well as a new Line 4, whose central section began construction in October 2021. The Athens Metro is actively connected with the other means of public transport, such as buses, trolleys, the Athens Tram and the Athens Suburban Railway. The Athens Metro is hailed for its modernity, and many of its stations feature works of art, exhibitions and displays of the archaeological remains found during its construction. Photography and video-taking is permitted across the whole network and street photographers often work in Athens Metro. This will be the only metro system in Greece, until the Thessaloniki Metro begins operation in 2024.
The Copenhagen Metro is a 24/7 light rapid transit system in Copenhagen, Denmark, serving the municipalities of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, and Tårnby.
The Ankara Metro is the rapid transit system serving Ankara, the capital of Turkey. At present, Ankara's rapid transit system consists of two metro lines – the Batıkent Metrosu (M1) and the new Keçiören Metrosu (M4) line opened in 2017, along with the Ankaray line. The Ankaray, the M1 and M4 lines, together transported 104.1 million passengers in 2014. That corresponds to a ridership of approximately 289,155 per day. In February 2019 all the lines that used to run M1, M2 and M3 were merged to create one line, M1.
Taipei Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), branded as Metro Taipei, is a rapid transit system serving the capital Taipei and New Taipei City in Taiwan, it is one of the world's busiest rapid transit systems.
The Rome Metro is a rapid transit system that operates in Rome, Italy. It started operation in 1955, making it the oldest in the country.
Hitachi Rail Italy S.p.A. is a multinational rolling stock manufacturer company based in Pistoia, Italy. Formerly AnsaldoBreda S.p.A., a subsidiary of state-owned Finmeccanica, the company was sold in 2015 to Hitachi Rail of Japan. After the deal was finalized, the current name was adapted in November 2015 to reflect the new ownership.
The Milan Metro is the rapid transit system serving Milan, Italy, operated by Azienda Trasporti Milanesi. The network consists of 5 lines with a total network length of 104.1 kilometres (64.7 mi), and a total of 113 stations, mostly underground. It has a daily ridership of about 1.4 million on weekdays. The Milan Metro is the largest system in Italy for length, number of stations and ridership; and the seventh longest in the European Union.
The Circular or Yellow line is a metro line in New Taipei City. The first phase of the project consists of the section from Dapinglin to New Taipei Industrial Park and is approximately 15.4 km (9.6 mi) long with 14 stations. This initial section was opened on 31 January 2020. Hitachi Rail Italy supplied 17 sets of 4-car driverless medium-capacity trains for the line.
M2 is a line of the Copenhagen Metro, colored yellow on the map. It runs from Vanløse to Lufthavnen through the center of Copenhagen, sharing track with the M1 from Vanløse to Christianshavn. The line was built along with M1 as part of the redevelopment of Ørestad. The principle of the line was passed in 1992, and construction commenced in 1998. The line opened in several stages between 2002 and 2007. It is owned by Metroselskabet and operated by Metro Service, and operates with a headway between four and twenty minutes.
The Thessaloniki Metro is an underground rapid-transit system under construction in Thessaloniki, Greece's second largest city. Estimates for the cost of the megaproject are €1.62 billion ($1.83 billion) for the main line and €640 million ($723 million) for the Kalamaria extension, for a total of €2.26 billion ($2.55 billion). The project is primarily funded with loans from the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and funds from the Greek government. Construction by a Greek-Italian consortium is overseen by Elliniko Metro S.A., the Greek state-owned company which oversaw construction of the Athens Metro and Athens Tram.
The City Circle Line or M3 is a loop line of the Copenhagen Metro. It has been claimed by COWI A/S that the City Circle Line is the largest construction project to have taken place in Copenhagen during the last 400 years. The network's total length is 15.5 kilometres (9.6 mi) and has 17 stations. The line opened on 29 September 2019.
The Scharfenberg coupler is a commonly used type of fully automatic railway coupling.
Incheon Subway Line 2 is a driverless, medium-capacity subway line running 29.2 km (18.1 mi) from Oryu-dong in Seo-gu to Incheon Grand Park, with 27 stations, part of the Incheon Subway system. The line is also included as a part of the overall Seoul Metropolitan Subway network; Juan station has a free transfer with Seoul Subway Line 1, Geomam station connects with the AREX Line to Incheon International Airport and Seoul Station, and Seongnam also has a free transfer with Seoul Subway Line 7.
The Brescia Metro is a rapid transit network serving Brescia, Lombardy, Italy. The network consists of a single line, having a length of 13.7 kilometres (8.5 mi) and a total of 17 stations from Prealpino to Sant´Eufemia-Buffalora, located respectively at the north and southeast of Brescia.
Hitachi Rail STS SpA or Hitachi Rail STS is a transportation company owned by Hitachi with a global presence in the field of railway signalling and integrated transport systems for passenger traffic and freight operations. Hitachi Rail STS plans, designs, manufactures, installs and commissions signaling systems, components and technologies for the management and control of newly built or upgraded railways, transit and freight lines worldwide.
Line 5 is an underground rapid transit line in Milan, Italy, part of the Milan Metro. The line, also known as M5 or the Lilac Line, is 12.8-kilometre (8.0 mi) long and goes through the city from the north to the north-west. It opened in stages between 2013 and 2015.
Line 4 is an underground rapid transit line in Milan, Italy, part of the Milan Metro. The line color is blue. The first section opened on 26 November 2022 and as of 2023 it is 7.3 km long with 8 stations. The full line is expected to open by 2024. Once completed, the line will be 15 km (9.3 mi) long with 21 stations.
The 900 Series, nicknamed and commonly known as "Meneghino" is an electric multiple unit manufactured by Italian companies Firema and AnsaldoBreda, designed for the Milan Metro.
The Taipei Metro Circular Line EMU is a medium-capacity train operating on Taipei Metro's Circular line. A total of 17 4-car trains were manufactured by Hitachi Rail Italy in Reggio Calabria, then shipped to Hsinchu for final assembly at Taiwan Rolling Stock Company (TRSC). This is the second time Taiwan has purchased trains made in Italy after Taiwan Railways' EMU300 series, built by Socimi.