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Pentecostal viewpoints concerning homosexuality are varied worldwide, since there is no one organization that represents all Pentecostals. However, most Pentecostal denominations condemn homosexuality as going against scriptural teachings, though there are some affirming Pentecostal denominations. [1]
The movement to create gay-affirming churches had begun in 1968 with the founding of the Metropolitan Community Church. [2]
Affirming Oneness Pentecostals first began to organize separately from mainline Oneness Pentecostal churches in 1980 in Schenectady, New York. Trinitarian Pentecostal churches, like those in The Covenant Network, were also established. [3]
The Apostolic Faith Church, a Holiness Pentecostal denomination founded in founded in 1907, states in its manual that homosexuality is specifically mentioned in the New Testament as a sin. [4]
The Church of God (Cleveland) states in a 2004 resolution entitled Family that "the Church of God unequivocally affirms that marriage is a covenant relationship between a man and woman and rejects all attempts to redefine marriage in terms of same-sex unions and behavior." [5]
The Church of God in Christ (COGIC) reaffirmed its stance on homosexuality in a 2014 resolution at its General Assembly Holy Convocation. The statement states that it "unequivocally" affirms marriage as between one man and one woman and that it "strongly opposes any legal sanction of marriage outside of its biblical context." [6]
The International Pentecostal Holiness Church (IPHC) states that "the teaching of the Bible that sexual immorality, including homosexuality, is sinful." The stance was reaffirmed during its 2022 General Conference. [7]
The Redeemed Christian Church of God believes that lesbianism and homosexuality are sinful. Its Sunday School Teaching Manual states that homosexuality is forbidden and considered an abomination by God. [8]
The Apostolic Church of Pentecost statement of belief says that marriage is a "lifelong exclusive commitment between one man and one woman." [9]
The Assemblies of God, the largest Pentecostal organization, states in a 2014 position paper that "there is absolutely no affirmation of homosexual activity, same-sex marriage, or changes in sexual identity found anywhere in Scripture" and that homosexual behavior is a sin. [10]
The Foursquare Church stated in a 1993 denominational statement that marriage is "exclusively within the context of male-female relationship" and that "the Scriptures identify the practice of homosexuality as a sin." [3]
Open Bible Churches states in a 1980 resolution (later updated in 1984) that "the Holy Scriptures condemn practicing homosexuality and give no basis for approving this as an acceptable lifestyle." [11]
The Pentecostal Church of God affirms in its bylaws that marriage is between one man and one woman, and states that "homosexuality is not compatible with Christian ministry." [12]
The Covenant Network is an LGBTQ-affirming organization founded in 2000 by Randy and Johnny Layton-Morgan of New Covenant Church in Atlanta, Georgia. [13] [14] They state that "all people regardless of age, race, gender identity, sexual orientation + identity, social status, etc. can receive the born-again experience through Jesus Christ." [15] According to a denomination census released in 2023, it has 18 churches in 3 countries. [16]
The Fellowship (FGFCMI) states in its beliefs that "any form of homosexuality, lesbianism, bisexuality, bestiality, incest, fornication, adultery, and pornography are sinful perversions of God’s gift of sex." [17]
The Affirming Pentecostal Church International is an LGBTQ-affirming organization with 32 churches in the US and ministries in 24 countries. [18] Its statement of belief says, "We believe that God is no respecter of persons in the forming of marriages. We believe that God's ideal for sexual expression is that it be only between two people, both of lawful age, both fully consenting, unrelated, and united by love in partnership." [19]
The Apostolic Assembly of the Faith in Christ Jesus' Constitution states that "the only legitimate marriage is the joining of one man and one woman" and that homosexuality is a "[perversion] of God’s gift of sex." [20]
The Assemblies of the Lord Jesus Christ states in its Constitution that homosexuality is both "sinful and offensive to God" and that marriage is exclusively a "covenantal union before God of one man and one woman for life." [21]
The Iglesia Evangelica Apostolica del Nombre de Jesus (IEANJESUS) states that homosexual relations are always immoral and that the Bible expressly forbids same-sex relationships. [22]
New Journey Ministries (formerly the Global Alliance of Affirming Apostolic Pentecostals, or GAAAP) is an LGBTQ-affirming organization formed in 2007 in Tampa, Florida that currently has ministries in four countries. [23] It describes itself as one of the first "welcoming and affirming, LGBTQ+ communities of faith." [24]
The Pentecostal Assemblies of the World reaffirmed its stance in an official release from August 2018 that marriage is solely between one man and one woman. [25]
Reconciling Pentecostals International (RPI) is an LGBTQ-affirming organization founded in 1998 in Little Rock, Arkansas with a meeting of five Apostolic ministers who were interested in forming an affirming Pentecostal ministry. Following a second meeting in Fall 1999 in Tampa, Florida, two of the ministers, Douglas E. Clanton and Robert L. Morgan, officially organized the RPI in Tampa in June 2000. [26] The RPI is affiliated with seven churches in the U.S. and the Philippines. [27] Its denominal beliefs state that "same-sex relationships are held to exactly the same Biblical standard as heterosexual relationships in the sight of God." [28]
The United Pentecostal Church International (UPCI), in a position paper from 2015, states that homosexuality is contrary to biblical teaching and states that God's plan is "heterosexuality, with definite boundaries between sexes in both appearance and behavior." [29] [30]
In 2017 the Society for Pentecostal Studies (SPS) was set to have a convention and annual meeting at Urshan University of Florissant, Missouri, affiliated with the United Pentecostal Church International (UPCI), and a speaker was a politically connected LGBT activist. The SPS supported the arrangement, even though organization bylaws place the society within the tradition of Pentecostal churches that marriage is considered between a man and a woman. The school withdrew their invitation to SPS that has had past controversies. In 2013 the SPS then-President Paul Alexander called for the society to be open to the promotion of homosexual, transgender, and intersex Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity, and was dismissed. In 2010 Tony Jones was dis-invited from North Central University (NCU) in Minneapolis, Minnesota, which is affiliated with the Assemblies of God, because he advocated same-sex marriage. [31]
Within Christianity, there are a variety of views on sexual orientation and homosexuality. The view that various Bible passages speak of homosexuality as immoral or sinful emerged through its interpretation and has since become entrenched in many Christian denominations through church doctrine and the wording of various translations of the Bible.
The relationship between religion and homosexuality has varied greatly across time and place, within and between different religions and denominations, with regard to different forms of homosexuality and bisexuality. The present-day doctrines of the world's major religions and their denominations differ in their attitudes toward these sexual orientations. Adherence to anti-gay religious beliefs and communities is correlated with the prevalence of emotional distress and suicidality in sexual minority individuals, and is a primary motivation for seeking conversion therapy.
Community of Christ, known from 1872 to 2001 as the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS), is an American-based international church, and is the second-largest denomination in the Latter Day Saint movement. The church reports approximately 250,000 members in 1,100 congregations in 59 countries. The church traces its origins to Joseph Smith's establishment of the Church of Christ on April 6, 1830. His eldest son Joseph Smith III formally accepted leadership of the church on April 6, 1860 in the aftermath of the 1844 death of Joseph Smith.
The United Pentecostal Church International (UPCI) is a Oneness Pentecostal denomination headquartered in Weldon Spring, Missouri. The United Pentecostal Church International was formed in 1945 by a merger of the former Pentecostal Church, Inc. and the Pentecostal Assemblies of Jesus Christ.
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Oneness Pentecostalism is a nontrinitarian religious movement within the Protestant Christian family of churches known as Pentecostalism. It derives its name from its teaching on the Godhead, a form of Modalistic Monarchianism commonly referred to as the Oneness doctrine. The doctrine states that there is one God―a singular divine spirit with no distinction of persons―who manifests himself in many ways, including as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. This stands in sharp contrast to the mainstream doctrine of three distinct, eternal persons posited by Trinitarian theology.
The Reformed Church in America (RCA) is a mainline Reformed Protestant denomination in Canada and the United States. It has about 84,957 members. From its beginning in 1628 until 1819, it was the North American branch of the Dutch Reformed Church.
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The Restoration Church of Jesus Christ (RCJC), based in Salt Lake City, Utah, was a church in the Latter Day Saint movement that catered primarily to the spiritual needs of LGBTQ Latter Day Saints. It was founded in 1985 and was dissolved 25 years later in 2010.
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The Assemblies of God USA (AG), officially The General Council of the Assemblies of God, is a Pentecostal Christian denomination in the United States and the U.S. branch of the World Assemblies of God Fellowship, the world's largest Pentecostal body. The AG reported 2.9 million adherents in 2022. In 2011, it was the ninth largest Christian denomination and the second largest Pentecostal denomination in the United States. The Assemblies of God is a Finished Work denomination, and it holds to a conservative, evangelical and classical Arminian theology as expressed in the Statement of Fundamental Truths and position papers, which emphasize such core Pentecostal doctrines as the baptism in the Holy Spirit, speaking in tongues, divine healing and the Second Coming of Jesus Christ.
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The ordination of lesbian, gay, bisexual and/or transgender (LGBT) clergy who are open about their sexuality or gender identity; are sexually active if lesbian, gay, or bisexual; or are in committed same-sex relationships is a debated practice within some contemporary Christian denominations.
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