Apostolic Church of Pentecost | |
---|---|
Classification | Protestant |
Theology | Finished Work Pentecostal |
Governance | Members attending a bi-annual General Conference elect a president to carry out the work of ACOP's Mission, Vision, and Core Values. [1] |
Associations | Pentecostal/Charismatic Churches of North America |
Region | International |
Founder | Rev. Frank Small |
Origin | 1921 |
Separated from | Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada 1921 |
Absorbed | Evangelical Churches of Pentecost 1953 |
Congregations | 153 in Canada [2] 3000 worldwide [3] |
Members | 24,000 in Canada [2] worldwide unknown |
Official website | ACOP.ca |
The Apostolic Church of Pentecost (ACOP) is a Finished Work Pentecostalism Christian denomination with origins in the Pentecostal revival of the early 20th century. Although multi-national, ACOP has its strongest membership in Canada. In 2002 ACOP reported "approximately 24,000 members in Canada, with 450 ministers and 153 churches." [2] [4] In 2024, ACOP had 90 churches in Canada with a large percentage of these being in Alberta, Saskatchewan and British Columbia. [5] ACOP's headquarters is in Calgary, Alberta.
Unlike traditional denominations that are usually based on top-down organizational structures, ACOP describes itself as a "fellowship." The different term emphasizes that ACOP originated as a "grass-roots organization with a minimal amount of organization." [6] This kind of organizational structure allows local churches to work autonomously, under the umbrella of ACOP's covering but without a head office dictating what each church must do, or the programs it must offer. [7]
Theologically, ACOP is in the Pentecostal tradition of Protestant Christianity, and aligns itself with the evangelical movement.
The ACOP considers that the Biblical inspiration of the Bible makes it the authoritative and infallible written word of God. It believes that there is one God who is Father, Son, and Holy Spirit; in the virgin birth of Jesus; that Jesus is humanity's only possible savior; in the total depravity of humanity; that all of humanity needs to hear the gospel and turn to Christ in faith for redemption; in the reality of a spiritual realm, which includes God, Heaven, Satan, the personal return of Jesus Christ, and a final judgment; in communion; and in baptism by immersion. [8]
As a Pentecostal fellowship, the ACOP believes in the Pentecostal distinctive of baptism in the Holy Spirit with the evidence of speaking in tongues. ACOP teaches that this experience is subsequent to the experience of salvation, and leads to a "Spirit filled life." ACOP believes that the Holy Spirit is the catalyst for sanctification. It believes in the present-day use of other spiritual gifts, such as divine healing. ACOP view is that marriage is "a life-long exclusive commitment between one man and one woman". [8] In 2006 ACOP signed an official Joint Declaration on Marriage affirming this position with over 40 different religious groups in Canada. [9] [10]
Like many Pentecostal denominations, the ACOP originates from the modern Pentecostal movement of the early 20th century from the Azusa street revival in Los Angeles. As the early Pentecostalism movement expanded into Canada, there was an unsuccessful attempt in 1909 to organize Canadian Pentecostals. [11] In 1918 a decision was made to form the Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada (PAOC), and a dominion charter was granted on May 17, 1919.
The PAOC organization held to three distinctive beliefs: to William Durham's Finished Work of Calvary doctrine, to the Oneness doctrine of the Godhead, and to water baptism in Jesus' Name. [12] However, due to disagreement on these issues, the early unity of the PAOC did not last long. Shortly after the charter was granted, a group of ministers and churches withdrew their support because of doctrinal disagreement, especially over the oneness doctrine and baptism in Jesus' name. This group aligned itself with the US organization, the Assemblies of God. By 1920, the PAOC itself merged with the AOG, shifting its theological stance toward a more Trinitarian viewpoint. [13]
On 1 January 1920 Rev. Frank Small, a member of PAOC, wrote a letter to his organization stating "if you feel that I am unworthy of your further fellowship owing to my doctrinal stand, I shall leave my further fellowship to your judgment as to whether I am recognized as one of you" (the doctrinal differences are later clarified in Small's private correspondence as his belief in the finished work and the oneness doctrine). [14] This letter was not recognized in any formal capacity by the PAOC, but Frank Small's name was removed from the next PAOC ministerial list. [15]
Small then founded a new Pentecostal denomination, called the Apostolic Church of Pentecost, which was granted Dominion charter on 25 October 1921. [16] "With the doctrinal break in fellowship, he founded an organization that for many years endured as the only native Canadian Oneness organization." [17] Small believed strongly that organization should never take precedence over Scripture. [18] A big part of Small's focus was a belief that "God was bypassing the 'old denominations' and restoring the pure apostolic truth and practice to the church in the last days before the return of Christ." [19]
He considered that the oneness of the Godhead was being revealed. He published a paper called Living Waters [20] in which he said that the Trinitarians had given Christ an "inferiority complex in the eyes of the world" by "separating Christ from his fatherhood." [21] He also said that "Any teaching that minimizes the Lord Jesus Christ to second place in the Godhead in authority or power, is to be laid at the door of the enemy." [21]
The first ACOP conference took place in Winnipeg, Manitoba, in 1921, where Frank Small was elected the first moderator. [22] Early in its history, the ACOP focused on three main things: missions work, a small publication called Living Waters (produced by Small), and the need for Bible training. [23] During its early years, ACOP saw tremendous growth, including: "new churches planted, missionaries thrust out into the work of God, Bible Schools established, denominational material published and Camp ministries started." [24]
In 1950 an interfellowship meeting was held in Calgary, Alberta, between the ACOP and another Pentecostal denomination called the Evangelical Churches of Pentecost (ECP). At this meeting it was determined that an amalgamation should take place between the two groups. One possible motive for the merger is described by ACOP historian Linda Wegner as "the realization that by blending two structures into one, they could expand their spheres of influence and hopefully, their effectiveness of ministry would increase proportionally." [24] The merger process took some time to work itself out, as a variety of questions had to be answered. Both denominations had their own camps, bible schools, policies on how to support missions, and consequently, much discussion was necessary before the merger could become a reality. Nevertheless, on May 29, 1953, the merger was officially in place. [25] Despite the fact that almost all members of the ECP switched their membership over to the ACOP, the ECP charter was never dissolved, and is currently employed by a group called the Christian Ministers' Association.
Before the merger with ECP, there were approximately 80 churches in the ACOP. After the merger, the ACOP experienced an increase in churches. In the decade from 1951 to 1961 ACOP had a growth spurt of about 40 new churches (compared to only about 20 in each of the previous three decades). [26] From 1960 to 1980, growth went down but this trend was reversed in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Since that time there has been positive growth, and there are now about 150 churches a part of ACOP. [2]
After the merger, ACOP's growth prompted a desire to organize various departments to help stimulate further growth. Some of these include: Apostolic Women's Ministries (AWM), Apostolic Youth Ministries (AYM), and the Apostolic Missions Division. More recently, there has been a shift away from providing departmental direction, toward making the departments into "resource centers" designed to empower people in their own churches to serve in individualized contexts. [7] The main ACOP ministries that serve in this way are described in the section below on Divisional Ministries.
The role of women in ACOP has always been important. Officially, women can hold leadership roles within ACOP, [27] and several have been ordained into the pastorate. [28] There is also a formal organization within ACOP that provides venues for women within ACOP to work together to support each other and work on common projects. This organization is called Apostolic Women's Ministries (AWM).
The Apostolic Youth Ministries International (AYMI) ministry was founded to serve the youth of ACOP. Originally called Apostolic Youth Ministries it was formed at the first ACOP convention after the merger of the ACOP and ECP. At that convention it was decided that Stanley Paulson would direct the ministry of AYM. Stan was a pastor and alumnus of FGBI. One of the earliest activities Stan organized for youth was Bible quizzing, (which is no longer a part of AYMI.) [29] Notably he invented a buzzer system that would go off as the youth jumped from their seats. The same buzzer system is still used by other church organizations which participate in quizzing to this day. He also planned and organized large youth events that were held once a month and were open to all ACOP youth throughout Canada. This was a great time for youth to connect for wide games and a time of fellowship and testimony and to sit under teaching. It also connected all teens in the fellowship and allowed for teens to hear what was going in other ACOP youth groups throughout Canada. Today, AYMI describes itself as "dedicated to spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ to the youth of the nation of Canada." AYMI is committed to developing ministries to accomplish this goal. [30] Some of the ministries that AYMI currently oversees are: Street Invaders [31] LifeFORCE (as of 2013 it has not been running) [32] Both of these programs are designed to train young people to do modern-day street evangelism and other forms of ministry specifically designed to reach young people with the gospel. Street Invaders is a summer program for young people ages 13–20, and runs for approximately three weeks of the summer. Life Force is a longer program, running for about 8 months of the year, and only applicants who are 18 years or over and who have finished high school are eligible. [33]
AYMI publishes a quarterly publication called Up, which can be viewed at: https://web.archive.org/web/20110706164830/http://www.aymi.ca/up/.
The Apostolic Missions Division finds its origins early in ACOP's history, and its stated purpose is "to evangelize people throughout the world with the goal of establishing indigenous local churches, to train national leadership, and to support any aspect of missionary work." [34] Supporting missionaries has been at the heart of ACOP's interests from the fellowship's earliest years. [35] Although it is hard to know for certain how many missionaries have been sent out by ACOP over the years, ACOP historian, Linda Wegner reports that from 1921 to 2001, there were at least 226 missionaries sent out to many different nations. [36] As a result of ACOP's missionary activity "there are 18 national organizations in 16 countries that are affiliated with the Apostolic Church of Pentecost of Canada", and "there are approximately 3000 ACOP churches worldwide." [3]
Orphan Care is a partnership between ACOP and its affiliated churches in Africa. The goal of the partnership is to care for orphans who have lost their parents due to the AIDS/HIV crises. Since there are "many Christian families in Africa who are willing to take orphans into their homes but are prevented from doing so because they are financially unable" ACOP is trying to find donors who will provide the funds necessary for these families to care for orphans in their own homes. The cost for the program is "between $1.00 and $1.50 per day" which provides "food, clothing, education and basic medical care in a Christian home for an orphan in Africa." [37] Every donor receives a picture of one of the African children being cared for in this program as a prayer reminder. [37]
One of the reasons the program is set up this way is because the philosophy behind Orphan Care is "that Christian homes provide a more stable and favorable atmosphere than orphanages." [37]
Currently, the program is in operation in both Zimbabwe and Malawi, and approval has been granted to extend the program into Zambia as well. [38]
In 1997, ACOP's dream of creating a professionally managed fund to support missionaries became a reality. The fund was specifically designed to help new missionaries get established, but is also intended "to assist missionaries who are supported through the ACOP office to help cover costs such as vehicles for the field, upgrades to computer equipment, airfare, conference fees, etc." [39]
The fund is called the Global Harvest Fund (GHF), and it has two main components: an Endowment Fund and an Operating Fund. All donations to the GHF are divided equally between these two components. All returns on investment in the Endowment Fund are channeled into the Operating Fund. [40]
The 2020 Vision is the name of ACOP's church planting initiative to launch 50 new churches in Canada by 2020, ACOP's centennial year. [41] In order to accomplish this goal, in 2008 ACOP established an endowment fund called the "Daniel and Helen Breen Memorial Church Planting Endowment Fund" of 2 million dollars. The first million was raised by ACOP churches, districts, and individual members, and the second million was a matching gift from Canadian entrepreneur Jim Pattison. [42]
The following are national groups affiliated with ACOP Canada:
ACOP originally called the head of the fellowship its "moderator." Recently, this was changed to reflect the more modern term "president."
Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestant Charismatic Christian movement that emphasizes direct personal experience of God through baptism with the Holy Spirit. The term Pentecostal is derived from Pentecost, an event that commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles and other followers of Jesus Christ while they were in Jerusalem celebrating the Feast of Weeks, as described in the Acts of the Apostles.
The Holiness movement is a Christian movement that emerged chiefly within 19th-century Methodism, and to a lesser extent influenced other traditions such as Quakerism, Anabaptism, and Restorationism. Churches aligned with the holiness movement teach that the life of a born again Christian should be free of sin. The movement is historically distinguished by its emphasis on the doctrine of a second work of grace, which is called entire sanctification or Christian perfection. The word Holiness refers specifically to this belief in entire sanctification as an instantaneous, definite second work of grace, in which original sin is cleansed, the heart is made perfect in love, and the believer is empowered to serve God. For the Holiness movement, "the term 'perfection' signifies completeness of Christian character; its freedom from all sin, and possession of all the graces of the Spirit, complete in kind." A number of Christian denominations, parachurch organizations, and movements emphasize those Holiness beliefs as central doctrine.
Oneness Pentecostalism is a nontrinitarian religious movement within the Protestant Christian family of churches known as Pentecostalism. It derives its name from its teaching on the Godhead, a form of Modalistic Monarchianism commonly referred to as the Oneness doctrine. The doctrine states that there is one God―a singular divine spirit with no distinction of persons―who manifests himself in many ways, including as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. This stands in sharp contrast to the mainstream doctrine of three distinct, eternal persons posited by Trinitarian theology.
The International Fellowship of Christian Assemblies (IFCA), formerly known as the Christian Church of North America (CCNA), is a North American Pentecostal denomination with roots in the Italian-American community, but is now a multicultural denomination. Central offices are located in Transfer, Pennsylvania. Ministries of the church include Benevolence, Home Missions, FOCUS, Foreign Missions, Education, Lay Ministries, and Public Relations. A convention is held annually, and their official publication is Vista, a quarterly magazine. Membership in 2000 was about 7,200 in 96 churches in the United States. They also have thousands of affiliated congregations internationally in Africa, Australia, Canada, Europe, South America, and Asia with a strong presence in India with over 100,000 members in over 1,000 churches. Brother Rick George is the general overseer of the denomination.
The Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada (PAOC) is a Finished Work Pentecostal denomination of Christianity and the largest evangelical church in Canada. Its headquarters is located in Mississauga, Ontario. The PAOC is theologically evangelical and Pentecostal, emphasizing the baptism with the Holy Spirit with the evidence of speaking in tongues. It historically has had strong connections with the Assemblies of God in the United States. It is affiliated with the Evangelical Fellowship of Canada and the World Assemblies of God Fellowship.
The Evangelical Fellowship of Canada is a national evangelical alliance, member of the World Evangelical Alliance. Its affiliates comprise 48 evangelical Christian denominations, 66 Christian organizations, 33 educational institutions, and 600 local church congregations in Canada. It claims to represent nearly 2 million Christians. The head office is in the Scarborough district of Toronto, Ontario, but they also have an office in Ottawa. Its president is David Guretzki.
Pilgrim Holiness Church (PHC) or International Apostolic Holiness Church (IAHC) is a Christian denomination associated with the holiness movement that split from the Methodist Episcopal Church through the efforts of Martin Wells Knapp in 1897. It was first organized in Cincinnati, Ohio, as the International Holiness Union and Prayer League (IHU/IAHC). Knapp, founder of the IAHC, ordained and his Worldwide Missions Board sent Charles and Lettie Cowman who had attended God's Bible School to Japan in December 1900. By the International Apostolic Holiness Churches Foreign Missionary Board and the co-board of the Revivalist the Cowmans had been appointed the General Superintendents and the Kilbournes the vice-General Superintendent for Korea, Japan and China December 29, 1905. The organization later became the Pilgrim Holiness Church in 1922, the majority of which merged with the Wesleyan Methodists in 1968 to form the Wesleyan Church.
Renewal is the collective term for Charismatic, Pentecostal, and Neo-charismatic churches. According to the World Christian Database, there are nearly 80 million renewalists in the United States, including pentecostals, charismatics and neo-charismatics.
More than 70% of the population of Botswana is Christian. Most are members of the Roman Catholic Church, Seventh Day Adventist Church, Anglican, United Congregational Church of Southern Africa, the Methodist Church of Southern Africa, and African independent churches. Anglicans are part of the Church of the Province of Central Africa. The Roman Catholic Church includes about 5% of the nation's population.
The Assemblies of God USA (AG), officially The General Council of the Assemblies of God, is a Pentecostal Christian denomination in the United States and the U.S. branch of the World Assemblies of God Fellowship, the world's largest Pentecostal body. The AG reported 2.9 million adherents in 2022. In 2011, it was the ninth largest Christian denomination and the second largest Pentecostal denomination in the United States. The Assemblies of God is a Finished Work denomination, and it holds to a conservative, evangelical and classical Arminian theology as expressed in the Statement of Fundamental Truths and position papers, which emphasize such core Pentecostal doctrines as the baptism in the Holy Spirit, speaking in tongues, divine healing and the Second Coming of Jesus Christ.
William D. Morrow is a retired Pastor, District Superintendent for the Western Ontario District, General Superintendent of the Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada (PAOC), and President of Master's College and Seminary (MCS), a PAOC degree-granting institution. In partial retirement, he subsequently served as an Associate Pastor, Discipleship and Leadership at Evangel Pentecostal Church in Montreal until January 2016.
Finished Work Pentecostalism is a major branch of Pentecostalism that holds that after conversion, the converted Christian progressively grows in grace. On the other hand, the other branch of Pentecostalism—Holiness Pentecostalism teaches the Wesleyan doctrine of entire sanctification as an instantaneous, definite second work of grace, which is a necessary prerequisite to receive the baptism in the Holy Spirit. Finished Work Pentecostals are generally known to have retained the doctrine of progressive sanctification from their earlier Reformed roots, while Holiness Pentecostals retained their doctrine of entire sanctification from their earlier Wesleyan roots. William Howard Durham is considered to be the founder of Finished Work Pentecostalism.
Eston College is a private Christian post-secondary educational institution located in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. Since 1944 it has served as the primary training center for the Apostolic Church of Pentecost (ACOP).
The Christian Ministers' Association (CMA) is a Canadian Pentecostal group of over 450 members. The CMA originates from the Pentecostal movement of the early 20th century. It is not a traditional Christian denomination, but "a relational networking of friends and colleagues." As a Pentecostal fellowship, CMA believes in the Pentecostal distinctive of baptism in the Holy Spirit with the evidence of speaking in tongues.
Apostolic Women's Ministries (AWM) is a Canadian ministry under the Apostolic Church of Pentecost (ACOP) designed to help coordinate opportunities for ACOP women to work together to support each other and ACOP's missionaries.
Pentecostalism is a renewal movement within Protestant Christianity that places special emphasis on a direct personal relationship with God and experience of God through the baptism with the Holy Spirit. For Christians, this event commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the followers of Jesus Christ, as described in the second chapter of the Book of Acts. Pentecostalism was established in Kerala, India at the start of the 20th century.
The Pentecostal Missionary Church of Christ , also known as PMCC, is a Pentecostal Christian denomination based in the Philippines. It was founded in 1972 by Arsenio T. Ferriol, who would become its executive minister, and registered on August 30, 1973.
Holiness Pentecostalism is the original branch of Pentecostalism, which is characterized by its teaching of three works of grace: [1] the New Birth, [2] entire sanctification, and [3] Spirit baptism evidenced by speaking in tongues. The word Holiness refers specifically to the belief in entire sanctification as an instantaneous, definite second work of grace, in which original sin is cleansed and the believer is made holy, with the heart being made perfect in love.
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