Horquilla Formation | |
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Stratigraphic range: | |
Type | Formation |
Sub-units | La Tuna Member, Berino Member, Bishop Cap Member |
Underlies | Earp Formation |
Overlies | Escabrosa Limestone, Black Prince Limestone, Paradise Formation, Helms Formation |
Thickness | 800–3,520 ft (240–1,070 m) |
Lithology | |
Primary | Limestone |
Other | Shale, sandstone |
Location | |
Coordinates | 31°40′08″N110°03′58″W / 31.669°N 110.066°W |
Region | Arizona, New Mexico |
Country | United States |
Type section | |
Named for | Horquilla Peak, Cochise County, Arizona |
Named by | James Gilluly, J.R. Cooper, and J. Steele Williams |
Year defined | 1954 |
The Horquilla Formation is a geologic formation exposed in southern Arizona [1] and New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the Pennsylvanian.
The formation is mostly thinly bedded pinkish limestone, weathering to blue-gray, with occasional thicker beds of limestone and thinner beds of shaly limestone. The thicker limestone beds typically consist mostly of fragments of crinoids. In southeastern Arizona, the formation lies on top of the Escabrosa Limestone, the Black Prince Limestone, [1] or the Paradise Formation, [2] and is overlain in turn by the Earp Formation. [1] In the Organ Mountains, the formation rests disconformably on the Helms Formation. [3] The formation varies in thickness from 800 ft (240 m) in the Chiricahua Mountains [2] to 3,450 ft (1,050 m) in the Big Hatchet Mountains. [4]
The formation is thought to have been laid down in the Horquilla Seaway, a continental shelf environment on the southwest coast of Pangaea. [3]
The formation is highly fossiliferous. The most numerous fossils at the type section are brachiopods (such as Neospirifer , Composita , and Dictyoclostus ) and fusulinids (such as Fusulina and Fusulinella ). Crinoid stems, syringoporoid corals, and bryozoans are also common. The fossils are post-Morrowan (Moscovian to Kasimovian) in age. [1] Demosponges such as Chaetetes are found in exposures further east, in the Chiricahua Mountains [2] and Big Hatchet Mountains. [5] Exposures in the Organ Mountains include fossils of Chaetetes, Petalaxis , Fusulinella, and cordaite leaf impressions. [3]
The formation was first designated by James Gilluly and coinvestigators in 1954, who raised the Naco Formation to group rank and assigned its lowermost beds to the Horquilla Formation. The type section is on an eastern spur of Horquilla Peak in the Tombstone Hills of southern Arizona. [1] The formation was later mapped as far west as the Vekol Mountains [6] and as far east as the Big Hatchet Mountains in the New Mexico bootheel. [4] Spencer G. Lucas and Karl Krainer have noted the similarity of the Pennsylvanian beds of the Organ Mountains to the Horquilla Formation, and have proposed lowering the La Tuna Formation, Berino Formation, and Bishop Cap Formation to member rank within the Horquilla Formation. [3]
The Cutler Formation or Cutler Group is a rock unit that is exposed across the U.S. states of Arizona, northwest New Mexico, southeast Utah and southwest Colorado. It was laid down in the Early Permian during the Wolfcampian epoch.
The Carmel Formation is a geologic formation in the San Rafael Group that is spread across the U.S. states of Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, north east Arizona and New Mexico. Part of the Colorado Plateau, this formation was laid down in the Middle Jurassic during the late Bajocian, through the Bathonian and into the early Callovian stages.
The Supai Group is a slope-forming section of red bed deposits found in the Colorado Plateau. The group was laid down during the Pennsylvanian to Lower Permian. Cliff-forming interbeds of sandstone are noticeable throughout the group. The Supai Group is especially exposed throughout the Grand Canyon in northwest Arizona, as well as local regions of southwest Utah, such as the Virgin River valley region. It occurs in Arizona at Chino Point, Sycamore Canyon, and famously at Sedona as parts of Oak Creek Canyon. In the Sedona region, it is overlain by the Hermit Formation, and the colorful Schnebly Hill Formation.
The El Paso Formation is a geologic formation that is exposed from the Permian Basin of New Mexico and Texas to southeastern Arizona. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.
The La Pasada Formation is a geologic formation in the southern Sangre de Cristo Mountains of New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the early to middle Pennsylvanian.
The Sandia Formation is a geologic formation in New Mexico, United States. Its fossil assemblage is characteristic of the early Pennsylvanian.
The Alamitos Formation is a geologic formation exposed in the southern Sangre de Cristo Mountains of New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the late Pennsylvanian to early Permian periods.
The Bursum Formation is a geologic formation in New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the Early Permian period.
The Gray Mesa Formation is a geologic formation in New Mexico. Its fossil assemblage dates the formation to the Moscovian age of the Pennsylvanian.
The Berino Formation is a geologic formation in the Franklin Mountains of southern New Mexico and western Texas. It preserves fossils dating back to the middle Pennsylvanian.
The Gila Group is a group of geologic formations found along the upper tributaries of the Gila River in Arizona and New Mexico. Radiometric dating of lava flows within the group yields an age of Miocene to Quaternary.
The Abo Formation is a geologic formation in New Mexico. It contains fossils characteristic of the Cisuralian epoch of the Permian period.
The Laborcita Formation is a geologic formation in the Sacramento Mountains of New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the late Pennsylvanian to early Permian.
The Atrasado Formation is a geologic formation in New Mexico. Its fossil assemblage dates the formation to the Kasimovian age of the Pennsylvanian. It was formerly known locally as the Wild Cow Formation or the Guadelupe Box Formation.
The Virgin Formation is a geologic formation in Utah. It preserves fossils dating back to the Triassic period.
The Madera Group is a group of geologic formations in northern New Mexico. Its fossil assemblage dates the formation to the middle to late Pennsylvanian period.
The Bisbee Group is a geologic group in Arizona, Mexico, and New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the early Cretaceous period.
The Osha Canyon Formation is a geologic formation in the Nacimiento Mountains of New Mexico. It contains fossils characteristic of the Bashkirian stage of the Pennsylvanian period.
The Porvenir Formation is a geologic formation exposed in the southeastern Sangre de Cristo Mountains of New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the middle Pennsylvanian period.
The La Tuna Formation is a geologic formation in the Franklin Mountains of southern New Mexico and western Texas and the Hueco Mountains of western Texas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Bashkirian Age of the early Pennsylvanian.