Hyla annectans | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Amphibia |
Order: | Anura |
Family: | Hylidae |
Genus: | Hyla |
Species: | H. annectans |
Binomial name | |
Hyla annectans (Jerdon, 1870) | |
Synonyms [2] | |
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Hyla annectans is a species of tree frog in the family Hylidae. [2] [3] [4] It is found in Asia south of the Himalayas in northeast India (Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, and Meghalaya), northern Myanmar, and northern montane Vietnam and southwestern and central China (Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan). There are isolated records in northwestern Thailand and adjacent Myanmar. [2] There is uncertainty whether Hyla gongshanensis from China should be recognized as a distinct species. This widespread species has many common names: Jerdon's tree frog, Assam treefrog, Indian hylid frog, green leave frog, or Southwestern China treefrog. [2]
The following description is taken from George Albert Boulenger's Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma: [5]
The tongue circular, slightly nicked, and free behind. Vomerine teeth in two groups on a level with the hinder edge of the choanae. The head broader than long; snout short, rounded; canthus rostralis distinct; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, about half the diameter of the eye. Fingers webbed at the base; the toes two-thirds webbed; disks are well developed. The tibiotarsal articulation reaches the tympanum or the eye. Skin smooth above, granular beneath; a strong tuberculated fold from the eye to the shoulder. Green above; a dark, lateral streak, light-edged above, ending in two or three deep black spots, separated or confluent on the groin, which is bright yellow; sides of thighs with deep black spots on a bright yellow ground; two outer fingers and two outer toes green; beneath whitish, immaculate. Male with an external subgular vocal sac and black nuptial excrescences on the thumb.
From snout to vent 2 inches (5.1 cm).
Modern sources give snout–vent length 28–39 mm (1.1–1.5 in) for males and 32–45 mm (1.3–1.8 in) for females. [3]
Hyla annectans occurs in tropical evergreen and deciduous forest at elevations of 600–2,500 m (2,000–8,200 ft) above sea level, [1] down to 100 m (330 ft) in India. [4] It can also be found in grasslands and agricultural land close to forests. It is largely arboreal. Breeding is explosive and takes place in ponds and terraced paddy fields. [1]
It is common in parts of its range, notably China. It can be threatened by habitat degradation, including water pollution. It is collected for in India. The range of this species includes many protected areas. [1]
The bicolored frog or Malabar frog is a species of frog endemic to the Western Ghats of India. The tadpoles of the species are black and form dense and compact schools in slow moving streams in forested areas.
The fungoid frog or Malabar Hills frog is a colourful frog found on the forest floor and lower vegetation in the Western Ghats in south-western India from Bombay to Kerala. It is very similar to another species with which it overlaps partly in range, Hydrophylax bahuvistara which extends further into parts of central India. Although restricted in range within peninsular India, they are of least conservation concern. Their upper parts vary in colour from brownish-red to bright crimson.
The Malabar gliding frog or Malabar flying frog is a rhacophorid tree frog species found in the Western Ghats of India.
Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, the Indus Valley bullfrog or Indian bullfrog, popular name Asian bullfrog, Asean bullfrog or Asia bullfrog, is a large species of frog found in mainland Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nepal. It has been introduced in Madagascar and India's Andaman Islands, where it is now a widespread invasive species.
Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis is a common dicroglossid frog found in South Asia. It is known under numerous common names, including Indian skipper frog or skittering frog. They are often seen at the edge of bodies of water with their eyes above the water. They noisily move away from the shore when disturbed, giving them their common name. They are rarely seen outside water.
The Indian burrowing frog is a species of frog found in South Asia.
Micrixalus fuscus is a species of small frog found in dense forested hill streams in the Western Ghats of India. M. herrei was formerly synonymized within this species.
Micrixalus saxicola is a species of frog in the family Micrixalidae, found in forest streams in the Western Ghats of India.
Indirana leithii is a species of frog in the family Ranixalidae. It is endemic to the northern Western Ghats of India. As currently defined, its range is restricted to the states of Maharashtra and southern Gujarat; earlier records elsewhere refer to other species.
Euphlyctis hexadactylus, also known as the green pond frog, Indian green frog, and Indian five-fingered frog, is a common species of aquatic frog found in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. The nominal taxon likely represents a species complex.
Walkerana leptodactyla is a species of frog endemic to the southern Western Ghats in Kerala and Tamil Nadu states of southern India. Precise reports are from Anaimalai hills, Palni hills, Meghamalai, Travancore hills and Agasthyamalai. It is a terrestrial to semi-aquatic frog associated with the leaf-litter of high-elevation evergreen montane forest; it is not known from modified habitats. It is uncommon and believed to be declining in abundance.
Duttaphrynus microtympanum is a species of toad found in the Western Ghats of India, possibly wider.
Pseudepidalea latastii is a species of toad found in the north-western Himalayas of India and Pakistan, where it lives between 2,600 and 3,000 metres.
Duttaphrynus beddomii is a species of toad endemic to the Western Ghats of India. It is found in Kerala and Tamil Nadu states in the southern Western Ghats at elevations of 100–1,500 m (330–4,920 ft) asl.
Sphaerotheca dobsonii is a species of frog capable of burrowing. It is found in southern India.
Dendropsophus joannae is a species of frogs in the family Hylidae. It is known from the Pando Department, northern Bolivia, western Brazil, and Madre de Dios Region of southeastern Peru. It is similar to Dendropsophus leali but is smaller, has a shorter snout, more protuberant eyes, and more tuberculate dorsal skin. The specific name joannae honors Mrs. Jo Ann Oxley Foster, a BIOPAT patron supporting taxonomic research and nature conservation.
Ecnomiohyla thysanota, also known as Cerro Mali treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to Panama where it is known from its type locality, Cerro Malí in eastern Serranía de Darién, near the border to Colombia, where it might also occur. This arboreal species is only known from a single specimen, the holotype.
Dryaderces inframaculata is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to Brazil and known from between the Tapajós and Xingu Rivers in Pará. Until recently, it was only known from one specimen collected near Santarém, probably around 1876, by Henry Wickham. Common name Santarem treefrog has been coined for it.
Isthmohyla debilis is a rare species of frog in the family Hylidae. It occurs in the Atlantic slopes of the Cordillera Central and Cordillera Talamanca in Costa Rica and western Panama as well as on the Pacific slopes in southwestern Panama. Common name Isla Bonita treefrog has been suggested for it.
Sarcohyla cyanomma, also known as the blue-eyed aquatic treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to Mexico and only known from the northern slope of Cerro Pelón, in Sierra de Juárez in northern Oaxaca. It is feared that the species might be extinct.