| Hypericum acmosepalum | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Hypericaceae |
| Genus: | Hypericum |
| Section: | H. sect. Ascyreia |
| Species: | H. acmosepalum |
| Binomial name | |
| Hypericum acmosepalum N.Robson | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Hypericum acmosepalum is a dwarf shrub in Hypericum sect. Ascyreia that is native to China and known as jian e jin si tao locally.
The species was first collected in Yunnan, China, by George Forrest, who brought it back to England to be grown for botanical studying. This specimen became the type specimen under the number F.19448, but was incorrectly referred to as H. patulum var. henryi, and when cultivated as H. kouytchense or H. oblongifolium, both names of species with similar flower structures. [2]
The species was first formally described by Norman Robson in the J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 95:490 in 1970. [3]
Dr. Robson placed two other species into an unofficial clade with H. acmosepalum because of their very close similarities to one another in both distribution and appearance. The two other species, Hypericum beanii and Hypericum pseudohenryi , and H. acmosepalum therefore form the unofficial clade 'Acmosepalum' within section Ascyreia. [2] This clade seems to be directly related to H. siamense . [4]
From N. Robson's original description of the species: [4]
Shrub 0-6-2 m tall, with branches erect to ascending. Stems orange, 4-angled and ancipitous in first year (or longer), then terete; internodes 10–50 mm long, shorter than to exceeding leaves; bark grey-brown. Leaves broadly petiolate, with petiole 0.5-1(1.5) mm, long; lamina 18-42(-60) x 6-15(-20) mm, oblong or elliptic-oblong to narrowly elliptic (sometimes lanceolate towards apex ef shoot and oblanceolate towards base), obtuse (rarely subacute) or apiculate to rounded, margin plane, ± recurved, base cuneate, markedly paler to glaucous beneath, chartaceous to subcoriaceous; venation: 1-2 pairs main laterals (the upper forming distinct, often ± straight intramarginal vein), with midrib rather obscurely branched distally, with rather dense but very obscure or invisible tertiary reticulum; laminar glands ± small dots and sometimes short streaks, ventral glands sparse to rather dense. Inflorescence l-3(-6)-flowered, from apical node, subcorymbiform; pedicels 7-17 mm long; bracts foliar to lanceolate, persistent. Flowers 30-50 mm in diam., stellate; buds ovoid, acute to subapiculate. Sepals (5-)6-9(-11) x 3-4(-6) mm, free, imbricate, subequal, ± outcurved in bud and fruit, ovate to narrowly lanceolate, acute or acuminate, with margin subentire or minutely and ± irregularly denticulate (especially towards apex); midrib ± conspicuous, veins not prominent; laminar glands linear or interrupted, c. 8. Petals deep yellow, sometimes tinged red, spreading or reflexed, 16–25 x 10–15 mm, 2.5–3 x sepals, obovate, with apiculus lateral, subacute to obtuse, margin entire or often minutely glandular-denticulate especially around apiculus. Stamen fascicles each with 40–65 stamens, longest (10)15-18 mm, long, 0.75–0.85 x petals; anthers yellow to orange-yellow. Ovary 5-7 x 3.5–4.5 mm, ± narrowly ovoid-conic; styles (3-)4-6(-8) mm, long, equalling to slightly longer than ovary, free, suberect, outcurved near apex; stigmas truncate to narrowly subcapitate. Capsule 9-15 x 8–10 mm, ovoid to narrowly ovoid-conic, turning bright red during maturation.
Seeds dark orange-brown to reddish-brown, 1-1.1 mm long, narrowly cylindric, narrowly carinate with terminal expansion, shallowly linear-foveolate. Seed dry mass is 0.05 mg [5]
Its usually oblong or elliptic, apically ± rounded leaves, glaucous abaxially and with a conspicuous intramarginal vein, enable Hypericum acmosepalum to be recognized even when sterile. [6] It can be differentiated from H. kouytchense specifically by the deeper yellow of the petals, the petal apiculus which is not as sharp, and the fact that it grows taller than that species. [2]
The species' range includes the Chinese autonomous region of Guangxi and the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan. [5] [7] The species is most often found in forest glades, roadside banks, scrubby hillsides, and open stream sides at elevations of 900–2,700 metres (0.56–1.68 mi) above sea level. [6]
Hypericum acmosepalum extract has been found to contain hyperenone A and hypercalin B, two newly discovered chemotypes that expressed antibacterial activity against drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus . Hyperenone A also exhibited growth-inhibitory activity against several species of Mycobacterium , which suggests the plant's extracts could have extensive antibacterial properties. [8]
Hypericum mutilum is a species of St. John's wort known by the common name dwarf St. John's wort. It is native to parts of North America and is present in other parts as an introduced species. It is an annual or perennial herb taking a multibranched erect form up to about 60 centimeters tall. The oval green leaves are one or two centimeters long and are covered in tiny glands. The inflorescence is a compound cyme of tiny flowers. H. mutilum subsp. mutilum and subsp. boreale have a diploid number of 16, and H. mutilum subsp. boreale can have a diploid number of 18.
Hypericum olympicum, commonly known as the Mount Olympus St. John's wort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae found in the Balkans and Turkey and introduced to western Europe. It has been widely cultivated for centuries because of its large, showy flowers, which are far larger than those of most other species in Hypericum.
Petenaea cordata was first described in Elaeocarpaceae and later placed in Tiliaceae, but most authors have been uncertain about its familial affinities. It was considered a taxon incertae sedis in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification. Molecular analyses based on a recent collection from Guatemala indicate a distant, weakly supported sister-group relationship to the African genus Gerrardina. As no obvious synapomorphies exist for Gerrardina and Petenaea, the new monogeneric family Petenaeaceae was proposed. The polymorphic order Huerteales now comprises four small families: Dipentodontaceae, Gerrardinaceae, Petenaeaceae and Tapisciaceae. Petenaea cordata is the only species in the genus Petenaea.
Hypericum terrae-firmae is a woody perennial flowering plant in the St. John's wort family Hypericaceae. It is an endemic plant species of Belize.
Hypericum cuisinii is a perennial herb in the genus Hypericum, in the section Adenosepalum. The herb has pale yellow flowers and occurs in Greece and Turkey.
Hypericum canadense, known as Canadian St. Johns-wort, lesser St. John's wort, and lesser Canadian St. Johnswort, is a flowering plant in the genus Hypericum. It is a yellow-flowering annual or perennial herb native to North America and introduced to Ireland and The Netherlands. The specific epithet canadense means "Canadian".
Hypericum undulatum, the wavy St Johns Wort, is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant native to western Europe and northern Africa. The specific name undulatum is Latin, meaning "wavy" or "undulated", referring, just as the common name, to the wavy leaf margins of the herb. The plant has a diploid number of 16 or 32.
Hypericum phellos is a species of shrub or small tree in Hypericumsect. Brathys. The species is found in Colombia and Venezuela on scrubby slopes and moist woods.
Hypericum humboldtianum is a species of shrubby flowering plant in the St. John's wort family Hypericaceae native to Colombia and Venezuela.
Hypericum oblongifolium, known as Pendant St. John's wort, is a species of flowering plant in Hypericumsect. Ascyreia.
Hypericum formosissimum is a species of flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae, section Adenosepalum, in the Hypericum huber-morathii group.
Hypericum huber-morathii is a flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae, section Adenosepalum, and the type species of the Hypericum huber-morathii group.
Prunus himalayana, called jyokun shin in Tibetan and 喜马拉雅臭樱 in Chinese, is a species of Prunus native to Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and Tibet. It prefers to grow 2,800 to 4,200 m above sea level in the Himalayas. As Maddenia himalaica it was the type species for the now unrecognized genus Maddenia.
Hypericum aucheri, also known as Koramanotu in Turkish, is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the St. John's wort family Hypericaceae.
Passiflora pectinata is a species of flowering plant native to the Caribbean.
Hypericum coris, the heath-leaved St. John's wort, also called yellow coris, is a species of flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae, and is the type species of sect. Coridium. It is a low shrub, and it is found in Switzerland and northwestern Italy. The species has been a popular garden plant since the 18th century, valued for its long flowering period and for how well it adapts to cultivation.
Hypericum harperi, the sharplobe St. Johnswort or Harper's St. John's wort, is a perennial flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae. It is an aquatic herb native to southeast North America. H. harperi has a diploid chromosome number of 24.
Hypericum vacciniifolium is a species of flowering plant in the flowering plant family Hypericaceae. It was first described by August von Hayek and Walter Siehe in the Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. journal in 1914 from a specimen collected by Siehe in 1912.
Hypericum heterophyllum is a flowering plant in the Hypericaceae family and is the only species in Hypericum sect. Heterophylla.