Hypericum virginicum

Last updated

Hypericum virginicum
Triadenum virginicum.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Hypericaceae
Genus: Hypericum
Section: Hypericum sect. Elodea
Species:
H. virginicum
Binomial name
Hypericum virginicum
L. [1]
Synonyms [1]
List
    • Androsaemum emarginatum(Lam.) K.Koch
    • Elodes campanulataPursh
    • Elodes canadensisFraser ex Spach
    • Elodes drumondiiSpach
    • Elodes emarginataSteud.
    • Elodes paucifloraSpach
    • Elodes virginica(L.) Nutt.
    • Hypericum campanulatumWalter
    • Hypericum emarginatumLam.
    • Hypericum enneandrumStokes
    • Martia campanulataSpreng.
    • Martia virginicum(L.) Spreng.
    • Triadenum purpurascensRaf.
    • Triadenum purpureumRaf.
    • Triadenum virginicum(L.) Raf.

Hypericum virginicum, the marsh St. Johns-wort [2] or Virginia marsh St. Johnswort, [3] is a species of flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae. [1] It is native to the central and eastern United States and eastern Canada. [1]

Contents

Description

Hypericum virginicum is a small herbaceous plant growing up to 70 cm (28 in) in height. [4] Its leaves are sessile and opposite, sometimes clasping. The flowers grow up to 15 mm (0.6 in) in diameter, with 5 pink or white petals. [4] It flowers in the summer to early fall and grows in bogs, wet meadows, fens, swamps, and along lakeshores. [2] [4]

It can be distinguished from the closely related Hypericum fraseri by its longer, acute sepals, and longer styles. [2] The seeds of H. virginicum closely resemble those of the extinct paleospecies Hypericum tertiaerum . [5]

Taxonomy

Alexander Garden first observed this plant in 1754, but following correspondence with Jane Colden realized that she had previously collected and recorded the same species in 1753, one year before his discovery. [6] As such, Jane Colden held naming rights for what both naturalists thought would be a newly described genus. Colden generously offered to name it Gardenia in Garden's honor, [7] however this was later rejected by Carl Linnaeus when John Ellis also proposed naming the cape jasmine Gardeniajasminoides in Garden's honor. [8] As cape jasmine had been collected earlier (at least by 1680 [9] ) it received priority in naming.

In the end it was originally described as Hypericum virginicum by Linnaeus in 1759. [10] In 1837 Rafinesque proposed placing it a new genus, Triadenum, [11] acknowledging, perhaps unknowingly, Jane Colden's original belief that Hypericum virginicum was sufficiently unique to warrant its own genus. Members of the genus Triadenum have white to pink petals, always 9 stamens, and three staminodal glands alternating between the stamen fascicles. [11]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jasmine</span> Genus of flowering plant in the olive family Oleaceae

Jasmine is a genus of shrubs and vines in the olive family of Oleaceae. It contains around 200 species native to tropical and warm temperate regions of Eurasia, Africa, and Oceania. Jasmines are widely cultivated for the characteristic fragrance of their flowers. Additionally a number of unrelated species of plants or flowers contain the word "jasmine" in their common names.

<i>Hypericum</i> Genus of flowering plants known as St. Johns worts

Hypericum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Hypericaceae. The genus has a nearly worldwide distribution, missing only from tropical lowlands, deserts and polar regions. Many Hypericum species are regarded as invasive species and noxious weeds. All members of the genus may be referred to as St. John's wort, and some are known as goatweed. The white or pink flowered marsh St. John's worts of North America and eastern Asia are generally accepted as belonging to the separate genus TriadenumRaf.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypericaceae</span> Family of flowering plants (St. Johns wort family)

Hypericaceae is a plant family in the order Malpighiales, comprising six to nine genera and up to 700 species, and commonly known as the St. John's wort family. Members are found throughout the world apart from extremely cold or dry habitats. Hypericum and Triadenum occur in temperate regions but other genera are mostly tropical.

<i>Gardenia</i> Genus of flowering plants in the coffee family Rubiaceae

Gardenia is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar, Pacific Islands, and Australia.

<i>Triadenum</i> Genus of plants

Triadenum, known as marsh St. John's worts, is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Hypericaceae. The genus is characterized by opposite, blunt-tipped leaves and pink flowers with 9 stamens. They are distributed in North America and eastern Asia.

Jane Colden was an American botanist, described as the "first botanist of her sex in her country" by Asa Gray in 1843. Although not acknowledged in contemporary botanical publications, she wrote a number of letters resulting in botanist John Ellis writing to Carl Linnaeus of her work applying the Linnaean system of plant identification to American flora, for which botanist Peter Collinson stated "she deserves to be celebrated". Contemporary scholarship maintains that she was the first female botanist working in America, which ignores, among others, Maria Sibylla Merian or Catherine Jérémie. Colden was respected as a botanist by many prominent botanists including John Bartram, Peter Collinson, Alexander Garden, and Carl Linnaeus. Colden is most famous for her untitled manuscript, housed in the British Museum, in which she describes the flora of the Hudson Valley in the Newburgh region of New York state, including ink drawings of 340 different species.

<i>Gardenia jasminoides</i> Species of evergreen flowering plant

Gardenia jasminoides, commonly known as gardenia and cape jasmine, is an evergreen flowering plant in the coffee family Rubiaceae. It is native to parts of South-East Asia. Wild plants range from 30 centimetres to 3 metres in height. They have a rounded habit with very dense branches with opposite leaves that are lanceolate-oblong, leathery or gathered in groups on the same node and by a dark green, shiny and slightly waxy surface and prominent veins.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypericum fraseri</span> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Triadenum fraseri, commonly known as bog St. John's wort, Fraser's St. John's wort, and Fraser's marsh St. John's wort, is a perennial flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae that grows in wetlands of Canada and the northern United States. It is named after John Fraser (1750–1811), a Scottish botanist and widely travelled plant collector.

<i>Hypericum ascyron</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum ascyron, the great St. Johnswort or giant St. John's wort is a flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae.

<i>Hypericum hookerianum</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum hookerianum, or Hooker's St. John's Wort, is a perennial shrub in the flowering plant family Hypericaceae native to eastern and southern Asia. The specific name hookerianum is named for William Jackson Hooker.

<i>Hypericum prolificum</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum prolificum, known as shrubby St. John's wort, is a deciduous shrub in the genus Hypericum. It was named for its "prolific" number of stamens.

<i>Hypericum tenuifolium</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum tenuifolium, known as Atlantic St. John's-wort and sandhill St. John's-wort, is a species of flowering plant in the St. John's wort family, Hypericaceae. It is native to the Southeastern United States.

<i>Hypericum suffruticosum</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum suffruticosum, known as pineland St. John's-wort, is a species of flowering plant in the St. John's wort family, Hypericaceae. It is native to the Southeastern United States.

Hypericum galioides, the bedstraw St. Johnswort, is a species of flowering plant in the St. John's wort family, Hypericaceae. It is endemic to the Southeastern United States.

<i>Hypericum tetrapetalum</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum tetrapetalum, the fourpetal St. Johnswort, is a species of flowering plant in the St. John's wort family, Hypericaceae. It is found in the Southeastern United States and Cuba. It was first described by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1797.

Hypericum myrtifolium, the myrtleleaf St. Johnswort, is a species of flowering plant in the St. John's wort family, Hypericaceae. It is endemic to the Southeastern United States. It was first described by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1797.

<i>Hypericum frondosum</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum frondosum, the cedarglade St. Johnswort or golden St. John's wort, is a species of flowering plant in the St. John's wort family, Hypericaceae. It is native to the central and southeastern United States in dry, rocky habitats.

<i>Hypericum fasciculatum</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum fasciculatum, known as peelbark St. Johnswort or sandweed, is a species of flowering plant in the St. Johnswort family, Hypericaceae, native to the southeastern United States. It is found from eastern North Carolina, south to southern Florida, west to eastern Louisiana. Kew's Plants of the World Online database also notes that it occurs in Cuba, though Cuba is not listed in several other sources. It was first described in 1797 by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.

<i>Hypericum tubulosum</i> Species of flowering plant

Hypericum tubulosum, the lesser marsh St. Johnswort or southern marsh St. John's-wort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae. Formerly classified as synonym Triadenum tubulosum, the species is found across the Southern United States and Midwest. It grows in wetlands such as bogs and floodplains.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Triadenum virginicum (L.) Raf". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. Retrieved 2019-01-02.
  2. 1 2 3 Reznicek, A. A.; Voss, E. G.; Walters, B. S., eds. (February 2011). "Triadenum virginicum". Michigan Flora Online. University of Michigan Herbarium. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
  3. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Triadenum virginicum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
  4. 1 2 3 Flora of North America Editorial Committee, ed. (2015). "Triadenum virginicum". Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 6. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2 January 2019 via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  5. Meseguer, Andrea S.; Sanmartín, Isabel (30 June 2012). "Paleobiology of the genus Hypericum (Hypericaceae): a survey of the fossil record and its palaeogeographic implications". Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid . 69 (1): 97–106. doi: 10.3989/ajbm.2306 . hdl: 10261/167029 . ISSN   1988-3196.
  6. Garden, Alexander (1756). "The Description of a New Plant; by Alexander Garden, Physician at Charleston in South Carolina". Essays and Observations, Physical and Literary. 2: 1–5.
  7. "Jane Colden - History of Early American Landscape Design". heald.nga.gov. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  8. "LXXXII. An account of the plants Halesia and Gardenia : In a letter from John Ellis, Esq; F. R. S. to Philip Carteret Webb, Esq; F. R. S." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 51: 929–935. 1759-12-31. doi:10.1098/rstl.1759.0084. ISSN   0261-0523. S2CID   186210416.
  9. Jarvis, C. E., DuVal, A., & Crane, P. R. (2014). "Gardenia jasminoides: a traditional Chinese dye plant becomes a garden ornamental in Europe". Curtis's Botanical Magazine. 31: 80–98. doi:10.1111/curt.12052.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. "Triadenum virginicum - FNA". floranorthamerica.org. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  11. 1 2 "Triadenum in Flora of North America @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2021-12-15.