ICA IAR-35

Last updated
IAR-35
IAR-35 Acro.jpg
Role aerobatic glider
National origin Romania
ManufacturerInteprinderea de Constructii Aeronautice (ICA), Brașov
First flight May 1986
Number built at least 4

The ICA IAR-35 is a Romanian glider designed and built in the 1980s primarily for aerobatics, though capable of general purpose use. Several production prototypes were constructed.

Glider (aircraft) broad type of heavier-than-air aircraft designed for operation without an engine

A glider is a heavier-than-air aircraft that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its lifting surfaces, and whose free flight does not depend on an engine. Most gliders do not have an engine, although motor-gliders have small engines for extending their flight when necessary by sustaining the altitude with some being powerful enough to take off self-launch.

Aerobatics flying maneuvers involving attitudes not attained during normal flight

Aerobatics is the practice of flying maneuvers involving aircraft attitudes that are not used in normal flight. Aerobatics are performed in airplanes and gliders for training, recreation, entertainment, and sport. Additionally, some helicopters, such as the MBB Bo 105, are capable of limited aerobatic maneuvers. An example of a fully aerobatic helicopter, capable of performing loops and rolls, is the Westland Lynx.

Contents

Design and development

The IAR-35 is an all-metal, single seat, short span glider developed for aerobatic flight. Its three spar shoulder wing, with metal ribs and bonded metal skinning, has a constant chord centre section and tapered outer panels. There is no dihedral on the centre section but 2° outboard. The whole trailing edge is occupied by all-metal, statically balanced ailerons, each fitted with an automatic trim tab. DFS (Schempp-Hirth) airbrakes extend both above and below the wings. [1]

Trailing edge

The trailing edge of an aerodynamic surface such as a wing is its rear edge, where the airflow separated by the leading edge rejoins. Essential flight control surfaces are attached here to control the direction of the departing air flow, and exert a controlling force on the aircraft. Such control surfaces include ailerons on the wings for roll control, elevators on the tailplane controlling pitch, and the rudder on the fin controlling yaw. Elevators and ailerons may be combined as elevons on tailless aircraft.

Trim tab

Trim tabs are small surfaces connected to the trailing edge of a larger control surface on a boat or aircraft, used to control the trim of the controls, i.e. to counteract hydro- or aerodynamic forces and stabilise the boat or aircraft in a particular desired attitude without the need for the operator to constantly apply a control force. This is done by adjusting the angle of the tab relative to the larger surface.

Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug 1933-1945 glider manufacturer

The Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug, or DFS, was formed in 1933 to centralise all gliding activity in Germany, under the directorship of Professor Georgii. It was formed by the nationalisation of the Rhön-Rossitten Gesellschaft (RRG) at Darmstadt.

Its fuselage is a metal semi-monocoque with aluminium alloy framing and duralumin skin. The cockpit is ahead of the wing with the pilot under a long, single piece Perspex canopy. On the underside, below the wing there is a monowheel, fitted with a brake, which retracts behind a pair of doors. The IAR-35 also has a fixed, semi-recessed tailwheel and a skid under the nose. The wing tips are protected by small, sprung balance wheels. Its fuselage becomes more slender behind the wing, mounting a conventional empennage with tall, straight edged, swept vertical surfaces and a dorsal fillet. The rudder is statically balanced and has a vertical trailing edge. A braced tailplane is mounted forward on the fin, a little above the fuselage, carrying similarly balanced elevators fitted with trim tabs. [1]

Monocoque Structural design that supports loads through an objects external skin

Monocoque, also structural skin, is a structural system where loads are supported through an object's external skin, similar to an egg shell. The word monocoque is a French term for "single shell" or "single hull". First used in boats, a true monocoque carries both tensile and compressive forces within the skin and can be recognised by the absence of a load-carrying internal frame.

Duralumin trade name of age-hardenable aluminium alloy

Duralumin is a trade name for one of the earliest types of age-hardenable aluminium alloys. Its use as a trade name is obsolete, and today the term mainly refers to aluminium–copper alloys, designated as the 2000 series by the International Alloy Designation System (IADS), as with 2014 and 2024 alloys used in airframe fabrication.

Cockpit area, usually near the front of an aircraft, from which a pilot controls the aircraft

A cockpit or flight deck is the area, usually near the front of an aircraft or spacecraft, from which a pilot controls the aircraft.

The IAR-35 first flew in May 1986. [1] Only a few were built but four remained on the Romanian civil register in 2010. [2]

Specifications

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1990/91, [1] Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1988-89 [3]

General characteristics

Airfoil

An airfoil or aerofoil is the cross-sectional shape of a wing, blade, or sail.

NACA airfoil

The NACA airfoils are airfoil shapes for aircraft wings developed by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). The shape of the NACA airfoils is described using a series of digits following the word "NACA". The parameters in the numerical code can be entered into equations to precisely generate the cross-section of the airfoil and calculate its properties.

Performance

  • Stall speed: 86 km/h (53 mph; 46 kn)
  • Never exceed speed: 380 km/h (236 mph; 205 kn) in smooth air
  • Max rough air speed (VA): 202 km/h (109 kn; 126 mph)
  • g limits: +7 -5
  • Maximum glide ratio: 26
  • Best glide speed: 100 km/h (54 kn; 62 mph)
  • Rate of sink: 0.85 m/s (167 ft/min)
  • Minimum sink speed: 95 km/h (51 kn; 59 mph)
  • Wing loading: 35.19 kg/m2 (7.21 lb/sq ft)

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Lambert, M. (1990). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1990-1991. London: Jane's Information Group. pp. 648–9. ISBN   07106 0908 6.
  2. ↑ Partington, Dave (2010). European registers handbook 2010. Air Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN   978-0-85130-425-0.
  3. ↑ John W.R. Taylor, ed. (1988). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1988-89. London: Jane's Information Group. p. 628. ISBN   0-7106-0867-5.
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